The Lecturio Medical Concept Library

Concise knowledge for medical students and healthcare professionals

Adrenal gland

Adrenal Glands: Anatomy

Lateral view of the ankle

Ankle Joint: Anatomy

Layers of anterolateral abdominal wall

Anterior Abdominal Wall: Anatomy

Anterior view of the right arm

Arm: Anatomy

Intricate pathways of the vestibular system

Auditory and Vestibular Pathways: Anatomy

Pathways of the sympathetic nervous system

Autonomic Nervous System: Anatomy

Featured image axilla and brachial plexus

Axilla and Brachial Plexus: Anatomy

Indirect Pathway between Basal Ganglia and the Cerebral Cortex

Basal Ganglia: Anatomy

Division of cranial nerves that arise in brainstem

Brain Stem: Anatomy

Breast anatomy normal scheme

Breasts: Anatomy

Cross section of secondary bronchus

Bronchial Tree: Anatomy

Bifurcation of the carotid artery

Carotid Arterial System: Anatomy

Location of the nuclei within the cerebellum

Cerebellum: Anatomy

Lobes of Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex: Anatomy

2 sources of blood supply to the brain

Cerebrovascular System: Anatomy

The serratus anterior muscle

Chest Wall: Anatomy

Colon blood supply, anterior view

Colon, Cecum, and Appendix: Anatomy

Cubital Fossa: Anatomy

Diaphragm muscle

Diaphragm: Anatomy

Anatomy of the ear

Ear: Anatomy

Elbow movement and normal range of motion

Elbow Joint: Anatomy

Layers of the esophageal wall

Esophagus: Anatomy

Essential anatomy of the eye illustration

Eye: Anatomy

Muscles of the mouth (Upper group)

Facial Muscles: Anatomy

Subtypes of femoral hernias

Femoral Region and Hernias: Anatomy

2nd most superficial layer of the muscles of the sole of the foot

Foot: Anatomy

Anterior view of the right forearm, featuring the muscles of the deep layer of the anterior compartment

Forearm: Anatomy

Gallbladder

Gallbladder and Biliary Tract: Anatomy

gluteal region (maximus and medius faded)

Gluteal Region: Anatomy

The innervation of the hand

Hand: Anatomy

Orientation of the myocardium

Heart: Anatomy

Anterior view of the pelvis and hip joint

Hip Joint: Anatomy

Pathway of testicular descent

Inguinal Canal: Anatomy and Hernias

Branches of the trigeminal nerve

Jaw and Temporomandibular Joint: Anatomy

Location of the kidneys in situ (posterior view)

Kidneys: Anatomy

Motions of the knee

Knee Joint: Anatomy

Components and regions of the larynx

Larynx: Anatomy

Anterior view of the leg

Leg: Anatomy

Primary components of the limbic system

Limbic System: Anatomy

Cross-sectional drawing showing the various muscular layers of the tongue

Lips and Tongue: Anatomy

Porta hepatis hepatic portal

Liver: Anatomy

Lobes and fissures of the lungs

Lungs: Anatomy

Lymph transport along lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic Drainage System: Anatomy

Mediastinal compartments

Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy

Dural venous sinuses

Meninges: Anatomy

Extrinsic back muscles - Superficial muscles Biodigital

Muscles of the Back: Anatomy

Anterior neck muscles - Superficial layer

Muscles of the Neck: Anatomy

Sagittal view of the brain, brain stem, cerebellum, and proximal spinal cord

Nervous System: Anatomy, Structure, and Classification

Arterial supply of the nasal cavity

Nose and Nasal Cavity: Anatomy

Head anatomy with olfactory nerve

Olfaction: Anatomy

Orbit extraocular illustration

Orbit and Extraocular Muscles: Anatomy

Gross anatomy of the female reproductive system

Ovaries: Anatomy

Blood supply and innervation of the palate

Palate: Anatomy

Arterial supply of the pancreas

Pancreas: Anatomy

Sinusitis

Paranasal Sinuses: Anatomy

Arterial supply of parathyroid glands

Parathyroid Glands: Anatomy

Anterior view of the pelvis

Pelvis: Anatomy

Cross section of the penis

Penis: Anatomy

Diagram of the peritoneum

Peritoneum: Anatomy

Pharynx arises from the pharyngeal arches

Pharynx: Anatomy

Hypothalamic–pituitary complex

Pituitary Gland: Anatomy

Blood supply of the pleurae

Pleura: Anatomy

Gastrocnemius

Popliteal Fossa: Anatomy

Lumbar triangles

Posterior Abdominal Wall: Anatomy

Anatomy of the vascular supply of the prostate and bladder

Prostate, Seminal, and Bulbourethral Glands: Anatomy

Differences in anal neurovasculature above and below the pectinate line

Rectum and Anal Canal: Anatomy

Histology of the parotid gland

Salivary Glands: Anatomy

Pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles

Shoulder Joint: Anatomy

Posterior view of the skull

Skull: Anatomy

Small intestine

Small Intestine: Anatomy

Dermatomes

Spinal Cord: Anatomy

Location of the spleen, in situ (anterior view)

Spleen: Anatomy

Arterial supply of the stomach

Stomach: Anatomy

Micro parts of a tooth

Teeth: Anatomy

Anatomy of the testis

Testicles: Anatomy

Location of the thalamus in a midsagittal section of the human brain

Thalamus: Anatomy

Roots of the cranial nerves

The 12 Cranial Nerves: Overview and Functions

Anterior view of the right femur

Thigh: Anatomy

Blood supply of the thyroid

Thyroid Gland: Anatomy

Cross sectional structure Trachea

Trachea: Anatomy

Triangles of the neck

Triangles of the Neck: Anatomy

Development of the kidney and bladder

Urinary Tract: Anatomy

Uterus

Uterus, Cervix, and Fallopian Tubes: Anatomy

Muscular anatomy of the perineum and pelvic floor, external view

Vagina, Vulva, and Pelvic Floor: Anatomy

Circulation

Ventricular System: Anatomy

Cervical vertebrae showing atlas and axis

Vertebral Column: Anatomy

Proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones

Wrist Joint: Anatomy

Acute Stress Disorder

Acute Stress Disorder

Adjustment disorder

Adjustment Disorder

Agoraphobia

Long-term effects of ethanol consumption

Alcohol Use Disorder

Amphetamine Use Disorder

Amphetamine Use Disorder

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa

ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Binge Eating Disorder

Binge Eating Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Brief Psychotic Disorder Fallback

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Effects of bulimia on different systems in the body

Bulimia Nervosa

Cannabis Use Disorder

Cannabis Use Disorder

Circadian sleep-wake disorders

Circadian Rhythm Sleep–Wake Disorder

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Cluster C Personality Disorders

Cocaine use disorder Fallback Feature

Cocaine Use Disorder

Conduct Disorder

Conduct Disorder

Conversion Disorder

Conversion Disorder

Defense Mechanisms

Delusional Disorder

Delusional Disorder

Depersonalization derealization disorder

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Factitious Disorder fallback

Factitious Disorders

Female sexual dysfunction fallback featured image

Female Sexual Dysfunction

Gambling Disorder

Gambling Disorder

Gender Dysphoria

Gender Dysphoria

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Hallucinogen use disorder

Hallucinogen Use Disorder

Illness anxiety disorder

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Inhalant Use Disorder

Inhalant Use Disorder

Insomnia

Insomnia

Intermittent explosive disorder

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Kleptomania and Pyromania

Kleptomania and Pyromania

Major Depressive Disorder

Major Depressive Disorder

Penis enlargement pump

Male Sexual Dysfunction

Malingering fallback

Malingering

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy

Nicotine Use Disorder

Nicotine Use Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Opioid Use Disorder Fallback Feature

Opioid Use Disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Panic disorder

Panic Disorder

Paraphilic Disorders

Paraphilic Disorders

Parasomnias

Parasomnias

Stages of healthy sleep

Physiology of Sleep

Geophagia

Pica

PTSD brain

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Normal physiology of the menstrual cycle

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Psychiatric Assessment

Psychiatric Assessment

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy

Restless legs syndrome

Restless Legs Syndrome

Rumination disorder

Rumination Disorder

Schizoaffective disorder

Schizoaffective Disorder

Schizophrenia

Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics Use Disorder

Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics Use Disorder

Tanner staging in boys

Sexual Physiology

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Specific Phobias

Specific Phobias

Cycle of substance-related and addictive disorders

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Suicide

Suicide

Tics and Tourette Syndrome

Tics and Tourette Syndrome

Trichotillomania lesions on scalp

Trichotillomania

Alpha-1 antitrypsin

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Deficiency

Isomer structure

Basics of Amino Acids

Diastereoisomers

Basics of Carbohydrates

Enzyme

Basics of Enzymes

Amino acid catabolism

Catabolism of Amino Acids

Cell Cycle

The mevalonate pathway

Cholesterol Metabolism

Citric acid or Krebs cycle

Citric Acid Cycle

Brush border digestion

Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates

Organic acidemia

Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism

Carnitine transports fatty acids between the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix

Disorders of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Normal metabolism of fructose

Disorders of Fructose Metabolism

Proofreading activity of DNA polymerase

DNA Repair Mechanisms

Simple cell cycle dna

DNA Replication

DNA packaging and the two states of chromatin

DNA Types and Structure

Mitochondrial membranes

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Metabolism in absorptive state in different tissues in the body

Energy Homeostasis

Competitive inhibition

Enzyme Inhibition

Reaction progress curve

Enzyme Kinetics

Histone acetylation

Epigenetic Regulation

Excessive ethanol consumption

Ethanol Metabolism

Histological slide from a kidney biopsy Fabry disease

Fabry Disease

Vitamin D types

Fat-soluble Vitamins and their Deficiencies

Delta and Omega Numbering Systems for Fatty Acids

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Comparison between double bond of elaidic acid and double bond of oleic acid

Fatty Acids and Lipids

Role of vitamin B12 and folic acid in DNA synthesis

Folate and Vitamin B12

Galactose (Haworth projection)

Galactosemia

A child with massive hepatosplenomegaly due to Gaucher disease

Gaucher Disease

Gluconeogenesis as the reverse of glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Structure of glycogen

Glycogen Metabolism

Myopathic changes with late-onset Pompe disease

Glycogen Storage Disorders

Glycolysis featured image

Glycolysis

The glyoxylate cycle

Glyoxylate Cycle

Step 7 of heme metabolism

Heme Metabolism

Child with I-cell disease

I-cell Disease

Citric acid cycle

Ketone Body Metabolism

Krabbe disease on imaging

Krabbe Disease

Schematic depiction of Fredrickson classification type II and type IV

Lipid Disorders

Absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the large intestine

Lipid Metabolism

Comparing-Mitosis-Meisosis

Meiosis

Tigroid pattern in MLD

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

Ragged blue fibres

Mitochondrial Myopathies

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI

Mucopolysaccharidoses

Cherry-red spot

Niemann-Pick Disease

Structure of a nucleotide

Nucleic Acids

Uridine triacetate structure Orotic aciduria

Orotic Aciduria

Shunt in lysosomal storage disorder

Overview of Lysosomal Storage Diseases

Formation of actin filaments from individual actin proteins

Overview of Protein Functions

The pentose phosphate pathway

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Erosions, crust, and blisters are evident on the hands of this patient with PCT

Porphyrias

Gene expression from DNA

Post-transcriptional Modifications (RNA Processing)

Example of primary structure of a protein

Post-translational Protein Processing

Image representing the tertiary structure of proteins

Proteins and Peptides

Structures of purines adenine and guanine

Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism

Purine Salvage Deficiencies

The insulin receptor, an RTK

Receptors

2 helix–turn–helix regulatory proteins bound to DNA in the major groove

Regulation of Transcription

Basic structure of ribonucleotides

RNA Types and Structure

G protein coupled receptor (GPCR)

Second Messengers

Genetic Code

Stages and Regulation of Translation

Transcription process and synthesis of mRNA

Stages of Transcription

Reactions contributing to proline synthesis

Synthesis of Nonessential Amino Acids

Cherry-red spot

Tay-Sachs Disease

Trace elements

Trace Elements

Urea cycle

Urea Cycle

Urea cycle

Urea Cycle Disorders

Characteristic skin rash associated with pellagra Malabsorption

Water-soluble Vitamins and their Deficiencies

Diagram pharyngeal aortic arches

Branchial Apparatus and Aortic Arches

Embryo between weeks 4 and 7

Development of the Abdominal Organs

Ligamentum arteriosum

Development of the Heart

Rotation of the limbs

Development of the Limbs

Development of the Face - 14 weeks

Development of the Nervous System and Face

Embryonic development of the gut tube

Development of the Respiratory System

Developmental location of the pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros in the developing embryo

Development of the Urogenital System

The hypoblast and epiblast form the bilaminar disc

Embryoblast and Trophoblast Development

First week of human development

Fertilization and First Week

Primordial germ cells become associated with primary sex cords

Gametogenesis

Process of gastrulation

Gastrulation and Neurulation

Ligamentum arteriosum

Prenatal and Postnatal Physiology of the Neonate

Periods of time within gestation in which organ systems are most susceptible to teratogens

Teratogenic Birth Defects

ABCDE-Assessment-fallback

ABCDE Assessment

Abdominal and Cardiac Evaluation with Sonography in Shock protocol-01

ACES and RUSH: Resuscitation Ultrasound Protocols

Rumack Matthew nomogram Acetaminophen Overdose

Acetaminophen Overdose

Full-thickness necrosis of the heel due to acute limb ischemia

Acute Limb Ischemia

Head tilt chin lift maneuver

Airway Management

Heimlich maneuver

Airway Obstruction

Diagram of pulmonary edema

Altitude Sickness

Overview of Antidotes

Antidotes of Common Poisonings

Blunt abdominal trauma

Blunt Abdominal Injury

Diaphragmatic rupture

Blunt Chest Trauma

Rule of 9s in children

Burns

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Feature

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Public access defibrillation

Cardiac Arrest

Back blows and chest thrusts

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Severe caustic injury of the pharynx

Caustic Ingestion (Cleaning Products)

Chest pain

Chest Pain

Forearm compartments

Compartment Syndrome

Traumatic asphyxia due to blunt chest trauma

Crush Syndrome

Acute cyanide poisoning

Cyanide Poisoning

Decompression sickness diagnostic imaging

Decompression Sickness

Dog bite

Dog and Cat Bites

Bilateral pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate compatible with ARDS

Drowning

Chest X-ray of pneumomediastinum and left-sided pleural effusion

Esophageal Perforation

Flail chest

Flail Chest

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST)

Foreign body aspiration X-ray

Foreign Body Aspiration

Frostbite causes mummified feet

Frostbite

Atropa belladonna

General Principles of Toxidromes

$Sonourethrogram of penile fracture$

Genitourinary Trauma

$CT image of patients skull fractures$

Head Trauma

Pathophysiology chart of heatstroke

Heatstroke

Massive right hemothorax

Hemothorax

A person with birth deformities associated with prenatal exposure to Agent Orange

Herbicide Poisoning

Treatment algorithm diagram for diabetic ketoacidosis

Hyperglycemic Crises

MRI of insulinomas

Hypoglycemia

Osborn waves

Hypothermia

Vespula sp. wasp sting

Insect and Scorpion Stings

Insecticide poisoning etiology

Insecticide Poisoning

Standard ventilator setup

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Malignant Hyperthermia

Mediastinum

Mediastinitis

Blood supply of the small intestine through the superior mesenteric artery

Mesenteric Ischemia

Lead line in gingiva - metal poisoning

Metal Poisoning (Lead, Arsenic, Iron)

Neck collar attachment for multitrauma patient

Multitrauma

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Peripheral blood smear showing normochromic RBCs with anisocytosis:poikilocytosis - neutropenia

Neutropenic Fever

Noninvasive ventilation

Noninvasive Ventilation

Large left thoraco-abdominal wound with epiplocele

Penetrating Abdominal Injury

Bullet in heart

Penetrating Chest Injury

Large volume pneumoperitoneum

Perforated Viscus

Subxiphoid approach for pericardiocentesis

Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade

Pneumothorax size determination

Pneumothorax

X-ray chest PA view showing pulmonary oedema

Pulmonary Edema

Hypoxemia

Respiratory Failure

Tea coloured urine due to rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis

Sepsis and septic shock

Sepsis and Septic Shock

Clinical characteristics of serotonin syndrome

Serotonin Syndrome

Western diamondback rattlesnake

Snakebites

Female black widow spider

Spider Bites

Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Lily of the valley

Toxicology of Plants

Emergency situation shock

Types of Shock

Advance directives

Advance Directives

Clinician-Patient Relationship

Clinician–Patient Relationship

Conflict of Interest

Conflict of Interest

Components of medical capacity

Decision-making Capacity and Legal Competence

Delivery of bad news

Delivery of Bad News

Components of valid informed consent disclosure of information

Disclosure of Information

End-of-life issues

End-of-life Issues

Informed consent

Informed Consent

Malpractice

Malpractice

Basics of Medical Ethics

Medical Ethics: Basic Principles

Confidentiality

Patient-Doctor Confidentiality

Demonstration against abortion laws

Reproductive Ethical Issues

Research Ethics

Research Ethics

A Venn Diagram illustrating the general addition rule of probability

Basics of Probability

Reliability and Validity

Causality, Validity, and Reliability

General Categories of Population Research Design

Epidemiological Studies

$True positive fraction$

Epidemiological Values of Diagnostic Tests

Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Phenylketonuria Testing

Measures of Disease Frequency

Measures of Health Status

Measures of Health Status

Contingency Table

Measures of Risk

Number Needed to Treat

Number Needed to Treat

Points of Intervention

Population pyramid USA

Population Pyramids

Trial Graph 3

Statistical Power

Probability models and random variables - types of errors

Statistical Tests and Data Representation

Detection Bias

Types of Biases

Dichotomization

Types of Variables

Type III acromioclavicular joint injury on x-ray

Acute Shoulder Pain

Colonoscopy

Adult Health Maintenance

Foot pain - Sclerosis and fragmentation of the calcaneal apophysis

Ankle and Foot Pain

Straight leg test

Back Pain

Clinical breast examination

Breast Cancer Screening

ThinPrep Pap smear HPV

Cervical Cancer Screening

Mantoux test

Child and Adolescent Care

Coronal-oblique T2-weighted magnetic resonance image showing full-thickness rotator cuff tear

Chronic Shoulder Pain

Colon polyp

Colorectal Cancer Screening

Asthma Inhaler

Dyspnea

Macular rash of rubella on the skin of a child’s back

Generalized and Localized Rashes

Geriatric Care and Screening

Changes in the Elderly

Geriatric Changes

Hand pain - radiograph

Hand and Wrist Pain

Baby with umbilical cord stump

Infant Care

Four exams used to determine the cause of knee pain

Knee Pain

Chest radiograph bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma

Lung Cancer Screening

Spurling test

Neck Pain

Body Mass Index calculation

Obesity

Analgesic ladder for cancer pain diagram with steps

Pain Management

Ultrasound image of a 12-week fetus

Prenatal Care

Prostate Cancer Fallback image

Prostate Cancer Screening

Foreign body in the carina

Wheezing

Adipose tissue

Adipose Tissue: Histology

Cross sections of a small artery (left) and an arteriole (right)

Arteries: Histology

Red and yellow marrow portions of the bone

Bone Marrow: Composition and Hematopoiesis

Process of endochondral ossification

Bones: Development and Ossification

Bone-remodeling diagram

Bones: Remodeling and Healing

Internal structure of a femur head structure of bones

Bones: Structure and Types

Sinusoid capillaries

Capillaries: Histology

Elastic cartilage

Cartilage: Histology

Eukaryotic cell

Cell Types: Eukaryotic versus Prokaryotic

Fibroblasts

Connective Tissue: Histology

Electron micrograph of blood cells

Erythrocytes: Histology

Goblet cell

Glandular Epithelium: Histology

White blood cells

Lymphocytes: Histology

Types of organization within muscles

Muscle Tissue: Histology

Types of Neuroglia

Nervous System: Histology

Platelet Granule Exocytosis

Platelets: Histology

Thymus diagram

Primary Lymphatic Organs

Anatomy of the lymphatic system

Secondary Lymphatic Organs

Layers of the epidermis

Skin: Structure and Functions

Simple columnar epithelium

Surface Epithelium: Histology

Gap junction

The Cell: Cell Junctions

Cytoskeleton attached to plasma membrane - cell structure

The Cell: Cell Membrane

Filaments of the cytoskeleton

The Cell: Cytosol and Cytoskeleton

The cell and cellular organelles

The Cell: Organelles

Longitudinal smooth muscles of Vena Cava

Veins: Histology

White Myeloid Cells: Histology

Intraepithelial lymphocytes

Adaptive Cell-mediated Immunity

Routes of antigen presentation MHC I and II molecules

Adaptive Immune Response

Kaposi's sarcoma nose

AIDS-defining Conditions

The development of autoimmune diseases

Autoimmunity

Retention of primary dentition X-ray

Autosomal Dominant Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome

B-cell activation and maturation processes in the germinal center

B cells: Types and Functions

Blood-type antigens

Blood Group Systems

Western blotting of B. burgdorferi

Blotting Techniques

Membrane attack complex (MAC) formation

C3 Deficiency

Carcinogenesis by immune evasion

Cancer Immunotherapy

Peripheral blood smear Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome

NHGRI human male karyotype

Chromosome Testing

Process of phagocytosis in neutrophils

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

Facial appearance diGeorge syndrome

DiGeorge Syndrome

Hereditary Angioedema (C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency)

HIV replication cycle

HIV Infection and AIDS

Structure of the antibody

Humoral Adaptive Immunity

Hyper IgM Syndrome

Hyper-IgM Syndrome

Inheritance pattern of autosomal recessive conditions

IL-12 Receptor Deficiency

Mechanism of direct ELISA

Immunoassays

Class-switch recombination

Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Innate Immunity: Barriers, Complement, and Cytokines

Innate Immunity: Phagocytes and Antigen Presentation

X-linked recessive inheritance

IPEX Syndrome

Leukocyte migration Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1

Respiratory burst diagram

Myeloperoxidase Deficiency

Major histocompatibility complex

Organ Transplantation

PCR Stage 2 Annealing of primers

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Dimeric structure of IgA antibody

Selective IgA Deficiency

Bubble Boy Disease

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome presenting with multiple face petechiae

Severe Congenital Neutropenia

2-signal model - T-cell dependence on costimulation

T cells: Types and Functions

Membrane attack complex (MAC) formation

Terminal Complement Pathway Deficiency

Blood collection process

Transfusion Products

Hemolytic reaction symptoms

Transfusion Reactions

Mast cells in allergy

Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Type II Hypersensitivity Reaction

Immune Complex Disease Hypersensitivity III

Type III Hypersensitivity Reaction

Types of hypersensitivity: Type 4

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction

Components of vaccines

Vaccination

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: petechiae, hematoma and eczema

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

X-linked Agammaglobulinemia

Ultrasonography of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Grade IV megaesophagus

Achalasia

Acne vulgaris pathogenesis illustrated

Acne Vulgaris

Schwannoma histology

Acoustic Neuroma

Comparison of hands acromegaly

Acromegaly and Gigantism

Albino showing actinic keratoses lesions over the chest

Actinic Keratosis

Chest X-ray shows bronchovascular prominance

Acute Bronchitis

Gallbladder wall thickening acute cholangitis

Acute Cholangitis

Clinical course of ATN

Acute Kidney Injury

Bone marrow smear from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

AML bone marrow findings of Auer rods

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Advanced otitis media

Acute Otitis Media

Fat tissue necrosis in acute pancreatitis

Acute Pancreatitis

Chest CT scan indicative of severe ARDS

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

69-year-old female with tiredness and a persistent tan

Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison’s Disease

Child with albinism

Albinism

Three stages of alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alopecia areata

Alopecia

Alport syndrome kidney biopsy

Alport Syndrome

Alzheimers brain

Alzheimer Disease

Amyloid

Amyloidosis

Pathophysiologic mechanism of ALS

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Rectum and anal canal schematic

Anal Cancer

Fistula, fissures and abscess

Anal Fissure

Suprasphincteric fistula

Anal Fistula

Spherocytes anemia

Anemia: Overview and Types

Angioedema of the lips

Angioedema

Process of ankylosis

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Bilateral cryptophthalmos anomalies of the cornea

Anomalies of the Cornea

Location of lesion in anterior cord syndrome

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Gram stain of Bacillus anthracis

Anthrax

Example of a collapsed nasal bridge

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-Associated Vasculitis

Livedo reticularis

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Stanford and DeBakey classifications for aortic dissection

Aortic Dissection

Aortic Regurgitation

Aortic Regurgitation

Aortic stenosis heart sounds

Aortic Stenosis

Features of aplastic anemia

Aplastic Anemia

McBurneys Point photograph

Appendicitis

12-lead ECG Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma as a cause of ascites

Ascites

Stage IV splenic injury

Asplenia

Asthma

Asthma

Contrast MRI showing glioblastoma multiforme

Astrocytoma

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Partial atelectasis of the right upper lobe

Atelectasis

Atherosclerosis grade 1

Atherosclerosis

Erythema and lichenification in the kneefolds of a patient with atopic dermatitis

Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

ECG atrial fribrillation

Atrial Fibrillation

Slow atrial flutter

Atrial Flutter

First-degree AV block ECG

Atrioventricular block (AV block)

Alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis of MSA

Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Jaundice

Autoimmune Hepatitis

Gross pathology from nephrectomy in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

Ultrasonography of the right kidney demonstrating autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)

Esophageal granular cell tumor colliding with intramucosal adenocarcinoma

Barrett’s Esophagus

Different Channelopathies in Bartter’s syndrome

Bartter Syndrome

Nodular basal cell carcinoma of the nose

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Histopathological exam of Becker muscular dystrophy

Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Oblique radiograph of the right arm shows soft tissue swelling overlying a broad-based osteochondroma

Benign Bone Tumors

Hepatic adenoma

Benign Liver Tumors

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Bartholin gland cyst benign vulvar conditions

Benign Vulvar Conditions

Sagittal cut of the upper eye lid

Blepharitis

Ptosis in botulism

Botulism

Bowen’s disease in an 81-year-old-woman

Bowen Disease and Erythroplasia of Queyrat

Bowenoid papulosis skin biopsy

Bowenoid Papulosis

Brachial plexus

Brachial Plexus Injuries

Sinus bradycardia at 42 bpm

Bradyarrhythmias

MRI of a brain abscess showing the classic “ring enhanced” lesion

Brain Abscess

Surgical-and-endovascular-treatments-for-cerebral-aneurysm-thrombosis-A-Endovascular

Brain Aneurysms

Algorithm describing the course of action in patients with brain death

Brain Death

Bronchiectasis pathophysiology

Bronchiectasis

HRCT in bronchiolitis obliterans

Bronchiolitis Obliterans

Area of spinal cord affected by BSS

Brown-Séquard Syndrome

Acute Budd-Chiari Syndrome Doppler

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Cutaneous findings in bullous pemphigoid

Bullous Pemphigoid and Pemphigus Vulgaris

Left bundle branch block pathophysiology

Bundle Branch and Fascicular Blocks

Pathophysiology of Cancer Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis

Fine-needle aspiration of the liver showing metastatic carcinoid

Carcinoid Tumors and Syndrome

Gross pathology of excised left atrial myxoma

Cardiac Myxoma

Four-chamber view cine-MRI showing dilated cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy: Overview and Types

Carotid artery stenosis

Carotid Artery Stenosis

Tests for carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Eye disease simulation cataract

Cataracts in Adults

Summarizing the pathophysiology of celiac disease

Celiac Disease

Coagulative necrosis in kidney tissue

Cell Injury and Death

Histopathology of pulmonary anthracosis

Cellular Accumulations

Heart left ventricular hypertrophy

Cellular Adaptation

Left lower extremity cellulitis

Cellulitis

Location of lesion in central cord syndrome

Central Cord Syndrome

Cerebellar Disorders

Chalazion causes

Chalazion

Haemophilus ducreyi bacteria

Chancroid

Chlamydial intranuclear inclusions

Chlamydial Infections

Gallbladder obstruction

Cholecystitis

Gallstones

Cholelithiasis

Chondrosarcoma on shoulder

Chondrosarcoma

Cytomegalovirus retinitis

Chorioretinitis

Acanthosis nigricans Grade 1

Chronic Diabetic Complications

Activated eosinophils in hypereosinophilic syndrome

Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia

Hydronephrosis on renal ultrasound

Chronic Kidney Disease

Blood smear from an adult with marked lymphocytosis

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Bone marrow examination for chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chest/abdomen X-ray showing right pneumothorax chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic pancreatitis with arrows

Chronic Pancreatitis

Exemplary photographs for a spectrum of clinical manifestations of chronic venous disease

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Pathology of alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Cirrhosis

Shoulder anatomy Biodigital

Clavicle Fracture

Cluster Headaches

Cluster Headaches

Segment of resected colon in the unfixed state containing an invasive colorectal carcinoma and two adenomatous polyps

Colon Polyps

Colon polyp

Colorectal Cancer

Examination of Brain reflexes

Coma

Typical features of CRPS

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

Numerous genital warts on the labia majora

Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)

Signs of CHF

Congestive Heart Failure

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis

The Bristol Stool Scale

Constipation

Bronchi and Lungs

Cor Pulmonale

Anatomy of the anterior chamber of the eye

Corneal Abrasions, Erosion, and Ulcers

Coronary heart disease pathophysiology

Coronary Heart Disease

PTEN protein pathophysiology of Cowden syndrome

Cowden Syndrome

The Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerve Palsies

MRI imaging of craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngioma

Noncaseating granuloma Crohns disease

Crohn’s Disease

Steeple Sign

Croup

Path of descent of the testis

Cryptorchidism

Cushing syndrome baby

Cushing Syndrome

Newborn screening

Cystic Fibrosis

Lacrimal apparatus anatomy

Dacryocystitis

Deep venous thrombosis

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Delirium

Delirium

Heliotrope rash in dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis

ADH regulation and production

Diabetes Insipidus

The pancreas

Diabetes Mellitus

Osmotic diarrhea

Diarrhea

Scanning electron microscope image of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Diarrheagenic E. coli

Diffuse_proliferative_lupus_nephritis

Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

Four-chamber view cine-MRI showing dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Gram-positive Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria

Diphtheria

Location of the major salivary glands and their ducts

Diseases of the Salivary Glands

Essential anatomy of the eye illustration

Diseases of the Uvea

Fundus photographs of vitreous hemorrhage

Diseases of the Vitreous Body

Anatomy of vertebral and carotid arteries

Dissection of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries

Schistocytes as diagnostic of DIC

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

$Colles fracture$

Distal Radius Fractures

CT scan of perforated diverticulitis

Diverticular Disease

Tissue sample of Donovanosis patient

Donovanosis

Lobular hepatitis secondary to ibuprofen

Drug-induced Liver Injury

Gowers_sign

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy cicatricial stricture

Dysphagia

Neck dystonia

Dystonia

Myxedema edema

Edema

Laxity of wrist and fingers in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Schematic overview of eicosanoids biosynthesis

Eicosanoids

Dislocated elbow

Elbow Dislocation

Contrast enhancement in the posterior side of the bilateral insular cortex, right hypothalamus, and inferior left frontal cortex consistent with encephalitis

Encephalitis

Intraoperative vegetation findings on the aortic valve

Endocarditis

Hypopyon and track of pus with endophthalmitis associated with glaucoma shunt intraluminal stent exposure

Endophthalmitis

Salmonella typhi

Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever)

MRI scan reveals an anaplastic ependymoma

Ependymoma

Scrotal doppler ultrasound

Epididymitis and Orchitis

Epidural hematoma

Epidural Hemorrhage

Doctor with child Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis

Electrode placement of 21 electrodes of international 10-20 system for EEG

Epilepsy

Erectile dysfunction pathogenesis

Erectile Dysfunction

Facial erysipelas

Erysipelas

Epidermal Changes in Erythema Multiforme

Erythema Multiforme

Erythema nodosum - atypical presentation

Erythema Nodosum

Esophageal cancer staging

Esophageal Cancer

Cloxacillin-induced esophagitis

Esophagitis

Bone marrow biopsy in essential thrombocythemia

Essential Thrombocythemia

Ewing sarcoma surgery

Ewing Sarcoma

Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer

Right-upper-arm AV fistula aneurysm

Extremity and Visceral Aneurysms

Endoscopic view of established, multiple FAP adenomas

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Multiple pedunculated and sessile, non-bleeding juvenile polyps

Familial Juvenile Polyposis

Time course of a typical fever

Fever

The string-of-beads feature in medial fibromuscular dysplasia

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Fibromyalgia tender points

Fibromyalgia

Gas gangrene shoulder

Gas Gangrene

Linitis plastica

Gastric Cancer

Primary jejunal gastrinoma

Gastrinoma

Corpus mucosa

Gastritis

Campylobacter species

Gastroenteritis

Esophageal reflux

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Infectious colitis colonoscopy

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Reduction in genu valgum

Genu Valgum

Pathologic genu varum

Genu Varum

Giant cell arteritis 3

Giant Cell Arteritis

Nephron with Gitelman syndrome

Gitelman Syndrome

Free flow of aqueous humor

Glaucoma

MRI scan glioblastoma enhanced

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glucagonoma

Glucagonoma

G6PD band Xq28 illustration

Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency

Patient from South Sudan with a goiter

Goiter

Gonococcal lesion on skin

Gonorrhea

Bronchoalveolar fluid samples become progressively more hemorrhagic in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage

Goodpasture Syndrome

Gout illustration

Gout

Grading, Staging, and Metastasis

C-ANCA Granulomatosis

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Ophthalmopathy due to Graves disease

Graves’ Disease

Bell palsy (facial nerve palsy) in a case of GBS

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia

Peripheral blood smear showing a hairy cell

Hairy Cell Leukemia

Thyroid uptake scan

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Normal tympanic membrane

Hearing Loss

Optic nerve hemangioblastoma

Hemangioblastoma

CLL with autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

Jaundice phototherapy

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Hemophilia subcutaneous ecchymoses

Hemophilia

Bronchiectasis imaging

Hemoptysis

Anal canal anatomy

Hemorrhoids

Purpura evident on the distal extremities of a pediatric patient

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

Effects of hyperammonemia on the glutamate-glutamine cycle

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Metastases in the liver

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Liver Metastases

Itraconazole associated quadriparesis and edema

Hepatorenal Syndrome

Liver biopsy for iron hemochromatosis

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Hereditary spherocytosis

Hereditary Spherocytosis

Stage II hidradenitis suppurativa in the axilla

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Head MRI showing frontal abscess

High-Risk Headaches

$Unspecified displaced fracture of the right femur with surgical repair$

Hip Fractures

Hirschsprung disease seen on contrast barium enema study

Hirschsprung Disease

Fine-needle aspiration of Hodgkin lymphoma

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Upper eyelid stye

Hordeolum (Stye)

Horner syndrome

Horner Syndrome

Neuronal changes in Huntington disease

Huntington Disease

Anterograde pyelography demonstrates Grade III left-sided hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis

Adrenal gland Conn syndrome

Hyperaldosteronism

Calcium Metabolism

Hypercalcemia

Pitting oedema of right leg

Hypercoagulable States

Hyperkalemia EKG

Hyperkalemia

Plasma Osmolality

Hypernatremia

Parathyroid adenoma

Hyperparathyroidism

Prolactinoma

Hyperprolactinemia

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis biopsy

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

STE secondary to left ventricular hypertrophy

Hypertension

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