Spasmolytics are skeletal muscle relaxants that reduce forceful, involuntary muscle contractions. Spasmolytics have several mechanisms and can either act centrally to inhibit somatic motor Motor Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. Nervous System: Histology neuron signals, or peripherally to prevent Ca CA Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding. Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)+2 release Release Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane. Virology from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Sarcoplasmic Reticulum A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibers that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions. Muscle Tissue: Histology. Spasmolytics are often used as temporary adjunctive treatment to alleviate muscle spasms Spasms An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. Ion Channel Myopathy or musculoskeletal pain Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by nerve endings of nociceptive neurons. Pain: Types and Pathways. Spasmolytics may also be used in the management of spasticity Spasticity Spinal Disk Herniation due to upper motor Motor Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. Nervous System: Histology neuron disorders. Most medications readily cross the blood–brain barrier Blood–Brain Barrier Meningitis in Children; thus, CNS depression is a common side effect. It is also important to be aware of dependence and withdrawal symptoms (particularly with CNS depressants and GABA GABA The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS agonists).
Last updated: 26 Nov, 2021
Excitation:
Excitation-contraction coupling Excitation-contraction coupling A process fundamental to muscle physiology whereby an electrical stimulus or action potential triggers a myocyte to depolarize and contract. This mechanical muscle contraction response is regulated by entry of calcium ions into the cell. Skeletal Muscle Contraction:
Spasmolytics can be divided based on where and how they exert their effects:
Baclofen:
Mechanism of action of baclofen:
Baclofen binds to presynaptic
GABA
GABA
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNSB
receptors
Receptors
Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell.
Receptors and modulates
Ca
CA
Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding.
Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)2+ and K+
channels
Channels
The Cell: Cell Membrane, ultimately blocking excitatory neurotransmitter
release
Release
Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane.
Virology.
Diazepam Diazepam A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity. Benzodiazepines:
Mechanism of action of
diazepam
Diazepam
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity.
Benzodiazepines:
Diazepam
Diazepam
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity.
Benzodiazepines binds to the Îł subunit of the
GABA
GABA
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNSA
receptor
Receptor
Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell.
Receptors and enhances
GABA
GABA
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS binding to the pocket between the α and β subunits, increasing the frequency of opening of the
chloride
Chloride
Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.
Electrolytes (Cl–)
channels
Channels
The Cell: Cell Membrane. The subsequent increase in Cl– influx blunts
depolarization
Depolarization
Membrane Potential of the neuron and decreases action potentials.
Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics is the science that analyzes how the human body interacts with a drug. Pharmacokinetics examines how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of baclofen:
Baclofen:
Diazepam Diazepam A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity. Benzodiazepines:
Baclofen should be used with caution in individuals with:
Diazepam Diazepam A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid activity. Benzodiazepines:
Enhanced CNS depression can occur with (list is not exhaustive):
Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics is the science that analyzes how the human body interacts with a drug. Pharmacokinetics examines how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of tizanidine:
Cyclobenzaprine is the main drug in this group.
Cyclobenzaprine can be used as a temporary adjunctive therapy for:
Dantrolene is the only drug in this group.
Physiology of
Ca
CA
Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding.
Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)2+
release
Release
Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane.
Virology from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibers that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.
Muscle Tissue: Histology in response to an
action potential
Action Potential
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the cell membrane of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Membrane Potential:
A wave
A wave
Cardiac Cycle of
depolarization
Depolarization
Membrane Potential (i.e., the
action potential
Action Potential
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the cell membrane of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Membrane Potential) travels down the T-tubules and
triggers
Triggers
Hereditary Angioedema (C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency) the voltage-dependent
dihydropyridine
Dihydropyridine
Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.
Class 4 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Calcium Channel Blockers) (DHP)
receptors
Receptors
Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell.
Receptors. These DHP
receptors
Receptors
Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell.
Receptors are mechanically tethered to ryanodine
receptors
Receptors
Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell.
Receptors, which normally keep the
Ca
CA
Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding.
Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)2+–
release
Release
Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane.
Virology
channels
Channels
The Cell: Cell Membrane closed. When DHP
receptors
Receptors
Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell.
Receptors are stimulated by an
action potential
Action Potential
Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the cell membrane of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.
Membrane Potential, they remove the ryanodine
receptors
Receptors
Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell.
Receptors from the
Ca
CA
Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding.
Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)2+–
release
Release
Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane.
Virology
channels
Channels
The Cell: Cell Membrane, allowing
Ca
CA
Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding.
Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)2+ to spill out of the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibers that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.
Muscle Tissue: Histology and into the
sarcoplasm
Sarcoplasm
Muscle Tissue: Histology, where they can
bind
BIND
Hyperbilirubinemia of the Newborn to troponin and stimulate muscle contraction. Dantrolene binds to ryanodine
receptors
Receptors
Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell.
Receptors, preventing
Ca
CA
Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding.
Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)2+
release
Release
Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane.
Virology and muscle contraction.
Enhanced CNS depression can occur with: