Sjögren syndrome Sjögren Syndrome Rheumatoid Arthritis ( SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma) is an autoimmune, inflammatory condition where glandular tissues, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands Lacrimal Glands Dacryocystitis, are infiltrated by lymphocytes Lymphocytes Lymphocytes are heterogeneous WBCs involved in immune response. Lymphocytes develop from the bone marrow, starting from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progressing to common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). B and T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells arise from the lineage. Lymphocytes: Histology, resulting in decreased tear and saliva Saliva The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptyalin. Salivary Glands: Anatomy production. The disease mainly affects middle-aged women, and is associated with other autoimmune conditions. Patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship may experience symptoms and complications related to dry eyes and mouth. There is a wide range of extraglandular manifestations, including Raynaud's phenomenon, neuropathy Neuropathy Leprosy, and cutaneous vasculitis Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the arteries; veins; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship are also at an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. Imaging of the Mediastinum. Diagnosis is based on the presence of symptoms, and is validated by the clinical examination, serologic studies, or salivary gland Salivary gland Glands that secrete saliva in the mouth. There are three pairs of salivary glands (parotid gland; sublingual gland; submandibular gland). Diseases of the Salivary Glands biopsy Biopsy Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body. Ewing Sarcoma. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship and targets symptomatic relief, with immunosuppressive therapy reserved for severe symptoms.
Last updated: 20 Jan, 2021
Sjögren’s syndrome ( SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma), also known as sicca syndrome, is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory condition leading to decreased lacrimal and salivary gland Salivary gland Glands that secrete saliva in the mouth. There are three pairs of salivary glands (parotid gland; sublingual gland; submandibular gland). Diseases of the Salivary Glands function, resulting in dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and mouth (xerostomia).
Primary SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma:
Secondary SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma:
Presents in association with another autoimmune disease:
The overall mechanism for SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma is unclear:
Lymphocytic infiltration of the parotid gland Parotid gland The largest of the three pairs of salivary glands. They lie on the sides of the face immediately below and in front of the ear. Salivary Glands: Anatomy in a patient with SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma
Image: “Anti-salivary gland protein 1 antibodies Antibodies Immunoglobulins (Igs), also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells that act in immune responses by recognizing and binding particular antigens. The various Ig classes are IgG (the most abundant), IgM, IgE, IgD, and IgA, which differ in their biologic features, structure, target specificity, and distribution. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions in two patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship with Sjogren’s syndrome: Two case reports” by Vishwanath S, Shen L, Suresh L, Ambrus JL. License: CC BY 2.0.Keratoconjunctivitis Keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome sicca with a corneal ulceration Ulceration Corneal Abrasions, Erosion, and Ulcers in a patient with SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma
Image: “Novel aspects of Sjögren’s syndrome in 2012” by Tincani A, Andreoli L, Cavazzana I, Doria A, Favero M, Fenini MG, Franceschini F, Lojacono A, Nascimbeni G, Santoro A, Semeraro F, Toniati P, Shoenfeld Y. License: CC BY 2.0.Dental caries in a patient with secondary SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma
Image: “Oral Rehabilitation and Management for Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome in a Child” by Case Reports in Dentistry. License: CC BY 4.0, edited by Lecturio.Vasculitic skin Skin The skin, also referred to as the integumentary system, is the largest organ of the body. The skin is primarily composed of the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (deep layer). The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes that undergo rapid turnover, while the dermis contains dense layers of connective tissue. Skin: Structure and Functions changes and ulceration Ulceration Corneal Abrasions, Erosion, and Ulcers noted in a patient with SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma
Image: “ Skin Skin The skin, also referred to as the integumentary system, is the largest organ of the body. The skin is primarily composed of the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (deep layer). The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes that undergo rapid turnover, while the dermis contains dense layers of connective tissue. Skin: Structure and Functions Findings in a Patient with Sjogren’s Syndrome” by Case Reports in Rheumatology. License: CC BY 4.0, edited by Lecturio.Vasculitic skin Skin The skin, also referred to as the integumentary system, is the largest organ of the body. The skin is primarily composed of the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (deep layer). The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes that undergo rapid turnover, while the dermis contains dense layers of connective tissue. Skin: Structure and Functions changes and ulceration Ulceration Corneal Abrasions, Erosion, and Ulcers noted in a patient with SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma
Image: “ Skin Skin The skin, also referred to as the integumentary system, is the largest organ of the body. The skin is primarily composed of the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (deep layer). The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes that undergo rapid turnover, while the dermis contains dense layers of connective tissue. Skin: Structure and Functions Findings in a Patient with Sjogren’s Syndrome” by Case Reports in Rheumatology. License: CC BY 4.0, edited by Lecturio.Schirmer’s test for tear production to evaluate for
SS
SS
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs.
Scleroderma
Test strips are placed on the lower eyelid, and the extent of wetness is measured after 5 minutes.
Biopsy
Biopsy
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body.
Ewing Sarcoma of a minor
salivary gland
Salivary gland
Glands that secrete saliva in the mouth. There are three pairs of salivary glands (parotid gland; sublingual gland; submandibular gland).
Diseases of the Salivary Glands on a patient’s lip
Such a
biopsy
Biopsy
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body.
Ewing Sarcoma can be done as part of the evaluation for
SS
SS
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs.
Scleroderma.
Histologic findings of a minor
salivary gland
Salivary gland
Glands that secrete saliva in the mouth. There are three pairs of salivary glands (parotid gland; sublingual gland; submandibular gland).
Diseases of the Salivary Glands in a patient with
SS
SS
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs.
Scleroderma
Focal lymphocytic
aggregation
Aggregation
The attachment of platelets to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., thrombin; collagen) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a thrombus.
Coagulation Studies is seen throughout the gland with mild glandular
atrophy
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.
Cellular Adaptation.
Several criteria have been proposed to aid in the diagnosis of SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma. The following is from the American-European Consensus Group (requires 4 of 6 criteria, including a positive biopsy Biopsy Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body. Ewing Sarcoma or autoantibodies Autoantibodies Antibodies that react with self-antigens (autoantigens) of the organism that produced them. Blotting Techniques):
The differential diagnosis of SS SS Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) is an autoimmune condition characterized by diffuse collagen deposition and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from limited skin involvement to diffuse involvement of internal organs. Scleroderma include differentials based on the presenting symptoms as well as other autoimmune disorders: