Glandular epithelia, composed of epithelial tissue, are specialized structures that play a role in the production and release Release Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane. Virology of enzymes Enzymes Enzymes are complex protein biocatalysts that accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed by them. Due to the body's constant metabolic needs, the absence of enzymes would make life unsustainable, as reactions would occur too slowly without these molecules. Basics of Enzymes, hormones Hormones Hormones are messenger molecules that are synthesized in one part of the body and move through the bloodstream to exert specific regulatory effects on another part of the body. Hormones play critical roles in coordinating cellular activities throughout the body in response to the constant changes in both the internal and external environments. Hormones: Overview and Types, sweat, oil, and mucus in organisms. The secretion Secretion Coagulation Studies and release Release Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane. Virology of these substances are prompted by either external or internal stimuli. Products of glandular epithelia are released either into ducts leading to the surface of the epithelium Epithelium The epithelium is a complex of specialized cellular organizations arranged into sheets and lining cavities and covering the surfaces of the body. The cells exhibit polarity, having an apical and a basal pole. Structures important for the epithelial integrity and function involve the basement membrane, the semipermeable sheet on which the cells rest, and interdigitations, as well as cellular junctions. Surface Epithelium: Histology or into the blood. The 2 types of glands are exocrine and endocrine glands. The classification is based on the number and location of secreting cells and the type of secretions, among other factors.
Last updated: 9 Mar, 2022
Merocrine secretion Secretion Coagulation Studies is the most common. Cells synthesize their products and store them in granules. Upon stimulation, granules move to the apical surface, granule membranes fuse with cell membranes, and the product Product A molecule created by the enzymatic reaction. Basics of Enzymes is exocytosed. During apocrine secretion Secretion Coagulation Studies, the product Product A molecule created by the enzymatic reaction. Basics of Enzymes is stored at the apical surface and breaks off with the cytoplasm. Holocrine secretion Secretion Coagulation Studies involves cell apoptosis Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, I.e., DNA fragmentation. It is genetically-programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Ischemic Cell Damage and release Release Release of a virus from the host cell following virus assembly and maturation. Egress can occur by host cell lysis, exocytosis, or budding through the plasma membrane. Virology of the secretory product Product A molecule created by the enzymatic reaction. Basics of Enzymes.
Image: “Modes of Glandular Secretion Secretion Coagulation Studies” by Phil Schatz. License: CC BY 4.0Goblet cell Goblet cell A glandular epithelial cell or a unicellular gland. Goblet cells secrete mucus. They are scattered in the epithelial linings of many organs, especially the small intestine and the respiratory tract. Barrett’s Esophagus
Image: “Gobletcell” by Arcadian. License: Public DomainSection of the
mucous membrane
Mucous membrane
An epithelium with mucus-secreting cells, such as goblet cells. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose connective tissue, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of smooth muscle cells that separates the mucosa from submucosa.
Barrett’s Esophagus of the human
stomach
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular sac in the upper left portion of the abdomen that plays a critical role in digestion. The stomach develops from the foregut and connects the esophagus with the duodenum. Structurally, the stomach is C-shaped and forms a greater and lesser curvature and is divided grossly into regions: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.
Stomach: Anatomy, near the
cardiac
Cardiac
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) orifice. (v. Ebner, after J. Schaffer.) x45.
c:
cardiac
Cardiac
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) glands
d: ducts of the
cardiac
Cardiac
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) glands
cr: gland similar to the
intestinal glands
Intestinal glands
Colon, Cecum, and Appendix: Anatomy and with goblet cells
mm
MM
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant condition of plasma cells (activated B lymphocytes) primarily seen in the elderly. Monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells results in cytokine-driven osteoclastic activity and excessive secretion of IgG antibodies.
Multiple Myeloma:
mucous membrane
Mucous membrane
An epithelium with mucus-secreting cells, such as goblet cells. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose connective tissue, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of smooth muscle cells that separates the mucosa from submucosa.
Barrett’s Esophagus
m: muscularis mucoae
m’: muscular tissue within the
mucous membrane
Mucous membrane
An epithelium with mucus-secreting cells, such as goblet cells. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose connective tissue, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of smooth muscle cells that separates the mucosa from submucosa.
Barrett’s Esophagus
Multicellular Multicellular Cell Types: Eukaryotic versus Prokaryotic glands can get more complex by acquiring a duct. If the ducts don’t branch, the gland is called simple. Branched glands are called compound glands. Compound glands are further subdivided into tubular, acinar, and tubuloacinar glands.
Image by Lecturio.