Monoamine oxidase Oxidase Neisseria inhibitors are a class of antidepressants that inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase Oxidase Neisseria (MAO), thereby increasing the amount of monoamine neurotransmitters (particularly serotonin Serotonin A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid l-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS, norepinephrine Norepinephrine Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the locus ceruleus. Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS, and dopamine Dopamine One of the catecholamine neurotransmitters in the brain. It is derived from tyrosine and is the precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS). The increase of these neurotransmitters can help in alleviating the symptoms of depression. Selective inhibitors Selective Inhibitors Pulmonary Hypertension Drugs of MAO type B can also be used for the treatment of Parkinson disease Parkinson disease Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Although the cause is unknown, several genetic and environmental risk factors are currently being studied. Individuals present clinically with resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Parkinson’s Disease. Other uses include for bulimia Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of bulimia nervosa. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as 'ox hunger'. Bulimia Nervosa nervosa and panic disorder Panic disorder Panic disorder is a condition marked by recurrent and episodic panic attacks that occur abruptly and without a trigger. These episodes are time-limited and present with cardiorespiratory (palpitations, shortness of breath, choking), GI (nausea, abdominal distress), and neurologic (paresthesias, lightheadedness) symptoms. Panic Disorder. The major adverse effects include serotonin syndrome Serotonin syndrome Serotonin syndrome is a life-threatening condition caused by large increases in serotonergic activity. This condition can be triggered by taking excessive doses of certain serotonergic medications or taking these medications in combination with other drugs that increase their activity. Serotonin Syndrome and hypertensive crisis Hypertensive Crisis Oxazolidinones. Special care should be taken to avoid other serotonergic medications and tyramine-containing foods.
Last updated: 6 May, 2022
The monoamine oxidase Oxidase Neisseria inhibitors (MAOIs) have variable Variable Variables represent information about something that can change. The design of the measurement scales, or of the methods for obtaining information, will determine the data gathered and the characteristics of that data. As a result, a variable can be qualitative or quantitative, and may be further classified into subgroups. Types of Variables chemical structures.
Chemical structure of phenelzine, a derivative of hydralazine Hydralazine A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. Heart Failure and Angina Medication
Image: “Phenelzine” by Edgar181. License: Public DomainChemical structure of tranylcypromine
Image: “Tranylcypromine” by Mykhal. License: Public DomainChemical structure of amphetamine:
Note the similarity between this structure and that of tranylcypromine.Monoamine oxidase Oxidase Neisseria (MAO):
MAOIs:
Mechanisms of antidepressants:
The basic mechanisms of action of commonly prescribed antidepressants are listed. These medications include monoamine
oxidase
Oxidase
Neisseria (MAO) inhibitors, the α-2 antagonist mirtazapine, the selective
serotonin
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid l-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity.
Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS reuptake inhibitor
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine
The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Similar Antidepressants, the
serotonin
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid l-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity.
Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS antagonist and reuptake inhibitor
trazodone
Trazodone
A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety.
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Similar Antidepressants, the tricyclic
antidepressant
Antidepressant
Antidepressants encompass several drug classes and are used to treat individuals with depression, anxiety, and psychiatric conditions, as well as those with chronic pain and symptoms of menopause. Antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and many other drugs in a class of their own.
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Similar Antidepressants
desipramine
Desipramine
A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.
Tricyclic Antidepressants, and the tetracyclic drug
maprotiline
Maprotiline
A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.
Tricyclic Antidepressants.
MAOIs are classified based on their selectivity for MAO-A and MAO-B.