Distal radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy fractures are one of the most common fractures encountered in practice and are often associated with falling onto an outstretched hand Hand The hand constitutes the distal part of the upper limb and provides the fine, precise movements needed in activities of daily living. It consists of 5 metacarpal bones and 14 phalanges, as well as numerous muscles innervated by the median and ulnar nerves. Hand: Anatomy. These fractures are most frequently seen in older individuals, especially women. In this population, these fractures are related to an increase in falls due to gait instability Gait Instability Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg Syndrome) with aging and associated osteoporosis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis refers to a decrease in bone mass and density leading to an increased number of fractures. There are 2 forms of osteoporosis: primary, which is commonly postmenopausal or senile; and secondary, which is a manifestation of immobilization, underlying medical disorders, or long-term use of certain medications. Osteoporosis. In younger individuals, distal radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy fractures are usually related to high-energy trauma. Individuals often present with pain Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by nerve endings of nociceptive neurons. Pain: Types and Pathways and a dinner fork deformity Deformity Examination of the Upper Limbs of the distal forearm Forearm The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. The term "forearm" is used in anatomy to distinguish this area from the arm, a term that is commonly used to describe the entire upper limb. The forearm consists of 2 long bones (the radius and the ulna), the interosseous membrane, and multiple arteries, nerves, and muscles. Forearm: Anatomy. Diagnosis is clinical and confirmed with x-rays X-rays X-rays are high-energy particles of electromagnetic radiation used in the medical field for the generation of anatomical images. X-rays are projected through the body of a patient and onto a film, and this technique is called conventional or projectional radiography. X-rays of the wrist. Treatment can be operative or nonoperative depending on the age of the individual, articular involvement, and degree of displacement Displacement The process by which an emotional or behavioral response that is appropriate for one situation appears in another situation for which it is inappropriate. Defense Mechanisms or angulation Angulation Buckle or Torus Fracture.
Last updated: 14 Feb, 2022
Anterior view of the radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy featuring its bony landmarks and articular surfaces
Image by BioDigital, edited by LecturioWrist joint Wrist joint The wrist connects the forearm to the hand. It consists of 8 carpal bones, multiple joints, and various supporting ligaments, as well as the distal bones of the forearm and the proximal portion of the 5 metacarpal bones of the hand. Wrist Joint: Anatomy and its articulations with the radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy and ulna Ulna The inner and longer bone of the forearm. Forearm: Anatomy:
The distal radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy articulates with the scaphoid and lunate bones of the wrist at the radiocarpal Radiocarpal Wrist Joint: Anatomy joint. The distal radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy also articulates with the ulna Ulna The inner and longer bone of the forearm. Forearm: Anatomy at the radioulnar joint.
Image by Lecturio.X-ray X-ray Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard x-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength x-rays. Soft x-rays or grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the x-ray spectrum overlaps the gamma rays wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and x-rays is based on their radiation source. Pulmonary Function Tests of a left wrist, showing normal anatomy and no injuries
Image: “ X-ray X-ray Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard x-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength x-rays. Soft x-rays or grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the x-ray spectrum overlaps the gamma rays wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and x-rays is based on their radiation source. Pulmonary Function Tests of normal wrist” by Mikael Häggström, M.D. License: CC0 1.0, edited by Lecturio.Movements of distal
radius
Radius
The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it.
Forearm: Anatomy:
Inclination of the
radius
Radius
The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it.
Forearm: Anatomy, shortening of the
radius
Radius
The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it.
Forearm: Anatomy, and volar tilt are radiologically measured values used to evaluate the radial joint in the setting of a distal
radius
Radius
The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it.
Forearm: Anatomy
fracture
Fracture
A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma.
Overview of Bone Fractures.
History:
Physical exam:
Colles
fracture
Fracture
A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma.
Overview of Bone Fractures of the left
hand
Hand
The hand constitutes the distal part of the upper limb and provides the fine, precise movements needed in activities of daily living. It consists of 5 metacarpal bones and 14 phalanges, as well as numerous muscles innervated by the median and ulnar nerves.
Hand: Anatomy:
Classic dinner fork
deformity
Deformity
Examination of the Upper Limbs with posterior
displacement
Displacement
The process by which an emotional or behavioral response that is appropriate for one situation appears in another situation for which it is inappropriate.
Defense Mechanisms clearly visible.
Diagnosis is clinical; however, imaging is needed for confirmation and evaluation of severity.
Frykman classification of distal radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy fractures
Image by Lecturio.Colles
fracture
Fracture
A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma.
Overview of Bone Fractures:
Lateral (a) and anteroposterior (b) wrist radiographs. Shown is a transverse distal radial metaphyseal
fracture
Fracture
A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma.
Overview of Bone Fractures (arrows) with no intraarticular
extension
Extension
Examination of the Upper Limbs.
Barton and reverse Barton fractures:
Lateral (a) and anteroposterior (b) right wrist radiographs. Shown is a comminuted oblique intraarticular
fracture
Fracture
A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma.
Overview of Bone Fractures with dorsal migration of the carpus, consistent with Barton
fracture
Fracture
A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma.
Overview of Bone Fractures.
Radiographs (anteroposterior and lateral views) showing distal radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy fracture Fracture A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma. Overview of Bone Fractures
Image: “Radiographs anteroposterior and lateral view showing distal radius Radius The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it. Forearm: Anatomy fracture Fracture A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma. Overview of Bone Fractures” by Panthi S, et al AL Amyloidosis. License: CC BY 3.0Die-punch
fracture
Fracture
A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma.
Overview of Bone Fractures of the
radius
Radius
The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it.
Forearm: Anatomy shows a vertical depression
fracture
Fracture
A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma.
Overview of Bone Fractures:
a: The entire lunate fossa is vertically depressed (left, anterior view; right, lateral view).
b and c: Anteroposterior (left) and lateral (right) radiographs
Management, whether nonsurgical or surgical, is based on the type of fracture Fracture A fracture is a disruption of the cortex of any bone and periosteum and is commonly due to mechanical stress after an injury or accident. Open fractures due to trauma can be a medical emergency. Fractures are frequently associated with automobile accidents, workplace injuries, and trauma. Overview of Bone Fractures (based on articular involvement and displacement Displacement The process by which an emotional or behavioral response that is appropriate for one situation appears in another situation for which it is inappropriate. Defense Mechanisms) and the age and activity level of the individual.
Forearm
Forearm
The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. The term “forearm” is used in anatomy to distinguish this area from the arm, a term that is commonly used to describe the entire upper limb. The forearm consists of 2 long bones (the radius and the ulna), the interosseous membrane, and multiple arteries, nerves, and muscles.
Forearm: Anatomy sugar tong splint:
A simple splint, the sugar tong splint is indicated in distal
radius
Radius
The outer shorter of the two bones of the forearm, lying parallel to the ulna and partially revolving around it.
Forearm: Anatomy and ulnar fractures that are not displaced. The splint impedes
pronation
Pronation
Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm backward or downward. When referring to the foot, a combination of eversion and abduction movements in the tarsal and metatarsal joints (turning the foot up and in toward the midline of the body).
Examination of the Upper Limbs/
supination
Supination
Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm forward or upward. When referring to the foot, a combination of adduction and inversion movements of the foot.
Examination of the Upper Limbs and immobilizes the
elbow joint
Elbow joint
The elbow is the synovial hinge joint between the humerus in the upper arm and the radius and ulna in the forearm. The elbow consists of 3 joints, which form a functional unit enclosed within a single articular capsule. The elbow is the link between the powerful motions of the shoulder and the intricate fine-motor function of the hand.
Elbow Joint: Anatomy.
Surgical management is indicated in the presence of: