A thyroid nodule is a disordered growth of thyroid cells that produces a mass in the thyroid gland. Most thyroid nodules are benign and detected either by the patient or by the clinician on examination. In other cases, a thyroid nodule is found in radiologic imaging incidentally. Ruling out of malignancy is important. Workup includes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid ultrasound followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake scan or thyroid scan if initial tests suggest the presence of hyperthyroidism. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is recommended in patients with suspicious ultrasound findings, "cold" nodules ( iodine Iodine A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126. 90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically. Thyroid Hormones uptake < surrounding tissue) on thyroid scan Thyroid Scan Nuclear Imaging, large nodules (generally > 1.5 cm), or risk factors for malignancy Malignancy Hemothorax. Management is dictated by pathology findings and can range from periodic ultrasound monitoring to surgery.
Last updated: 30 Apr, 2021
Thyroid Thyroid The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body. The thyroid gland is a highly vascular, brownish-red gland located in the visceral compartment of the anterior region of the neck. Thyroid Gland: Anatomy nodule Nodule Chalazion: left anterolateral neck Neck The part of a human or animal body connecting the head to the rest of the body. Peritonsillar Abscess mass Mass Three-dimensional lesion that occupies a space within the breast Imaging of the Breast in a woman
Image: “Concurrent hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase basal metabolic rate. Thyrotoxicosis and Hyperthyroidism and papillary thyroid cancer Thyroid cancer Thyroid cancer is a malignancy arising from the thyroid gland cells: thyroid follicular cells (papillary, follicular, and anaplastic carcinomas) and calcitonin-producing C cells (medullary carcinomas). Rare cancers are derived from the lymphocytes (lymphoma) and/or stromal and vascular elements (sarcoma). Thyroid Cancer: a fortuitous and ambiguous case report from a resource-poor setting” by Kadia BM, Dimala CA CA Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding. Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts), Bechem NN, Aroke D. License: CC BY 4.0Spectrum of findings in malignant
thyroid
Thyroid
The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body. The thyroid gland is a highly vascular, brownish-red gland located in the visceral compartment of the anterior region of the neck.
Thyroid Gland: Anatomy nodules (all cases of papillary carcinoma):
A: small isthmic
mass
Mass
Three-dimensional lesion that occupies a space within the breast
Imaging of the Breast with an irregular contour, marked hypoechogenicity, and microcalcifications
B: marked hypoechogenicity with pointed margins in the upper pole of the right lobe
C: complex mixed
cystic
Cystic
Fibrocystic Change and solid
mass
Mass
Three-dimensional lesion that occupies a space within the breast
Imaging of the Breast with lateral contour irregularity and microcalcifications
D: uniformly solid, markedly
hypoechoic
Hypoechoic
A structure that produces a low-amplitude echo (darker grays)
Ultrasound (Sonography), taller-than-wide
mass
Mass
Three-dimensional lesion that occupies a space within the breast
Imaging of the Breast with a few internal microcalcifications
Based on TSH and ultrasound findings:
Thyroid scan Thyroid Scan Nuclear Imaging of a nodule Nodule Chalazion: heterogeneously increased uptake in a large or hot nodule Nodule Chalazion of the thyroid gland Thyroid gland The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body. The thyroid gland is a highly vascular, brownish-red gland located in the visceral compartment of the anterior region of the neck. Thyroid Gland: Anatomy with decreased uptake by the remaining tissue
Image: “ Thyroid scan Thyroid Scan Nuclear Imaging. 99 m-Technetium pertechnetate thyroid scan Thyroid Scan Nuclear Imaging reveals heterogeneously increased uptake in the large nodule Nodule Chalazion of the right thyroid gland Thyroid gland The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body. The thyroid gland is a highly vascular, brownish-red gland located in the visceral compartment of the anterior region of the neck. Thyroid Gland: Anatomy with decreased uptake by the remaining thyroid gland Thyroid gland The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body. The thyroid gland is a highly vascular, brownish-red gland located in the visceral compartment of the anterior region of the neck. Thyroid Gland: Anatomy, suggesting a functioning nodule Nodule Chalazion” by Eun Ae Cho, Jee Hee Yoon, Hee Kyung Kim & Ho-Cheol Kang. License: CC BY 2.0FNAB indicated in:
Schematic diagram of the diagnostic approach to thyroid Thyroid The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body. The thyroid gland is a highly vascular, brownish-red gland located in the visceral compartment of the anterior region of the neck. Thyroid Gland: Anatomy nodules
Image by Lecturio.Based on biopsy Biopsy Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body. Ewing Sarcoma results ( Bethesda system Bethesda system A standardized reporting of results of PAP test, which includes the specimen adequacy, general categorization of findings, and results Cervical Cancer Screening diagnostic categories for reporting thyroid Thyroid The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body. The thyroid gland is a highly vascular, brownish-red gland located in the visceral compartment of the anterior region of the neck. Thyroid Gland: Anatomy cytopathology):