Reactive arthritis Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of joints. Osteoarthritis is a seronegative autoimmune spondyloarthropathy Spondyloarthropathy Ankylosing Spondylitis that occurs in response to a previous gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) infection. The pathophysiology of this disease is unclear, but a significant proportion of affected patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship are positive for HLA-B27. The disease manifests as asymmetric oligoarthritis Oligoarthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis (particularly of large joints in the lower extremities), enthesopathy, dactylitis Dactylitis Ankylosing Spondylitis, and/or sacroiliitis Sacroiliitis Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint. It is characterized by lower back pain, especially upon walking, fever, uveitis; psoriasis; and decreased range of motion. Many factors are associated with and cause sacroiliitis including infection; injury to spine, lower back, and pelvis; degenerative arthritis; and pregnancy. Ankylosing Spondylitis. Ocular, mucocutaneous, GI, GU, and cardiac Cardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) manifestations may also occur. The diagnosis is clinical, and efforts should be made to rule out alternative diagnoses. Management focuses on controlling symptoms, typically with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. An active infection should also be treated, particularly Chlamydia Chlamydia Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria. They lack a peptidoglycan layer and are best visualized using Giemsa stain. The family of Chlamydiaceae comprises 3 pathogens that can infect humans: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Chlamydia trachomatis.
Last updated: Sep 10, 2021
Reactive arthritis Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of joints. Osteoarthritis (ReA) is an autoimmune, post-infectious, seronegative spondyloarthritis.
The seronegative arthropathies Seronegative Arthropathies Ankylosing Spondylitis can be remembered as “PAIR.”
Onset is acute, within 1–4 weeks of an inciting infection.
Peripheral arthritis Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of joints. Osteoarthritis:
Enthesopathy:
Tendonitis and periostitis:
Dactylitis Dactylitis Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Sacroiliitis Sacroiliitis Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint. It is characterized by lower back pain, especially upon walking, fever, uveitis; psoriasis; and decreased range of motion. Many factors are associated with and cause sacroiliitis including infection; injury to spine, lower back, and pelvis; degenerative arthritis; and pregnancy. Ankylosing Spondylitis:
Common inflammatory sites in ReA: Image demonstrates the common joints involved in ReA. Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis is a common inflammation of the bulbar and/or palpebral conjunctiva. It can be classified into infectious (mostly viral) and noninfectious conjunctivitis, which includes allergic causes. Patients commonly present with red eyes, increased tearing, burning, foreign body sensation, and photophobia. Conjunctivitis and urethritis Urethritis Inflammation involving the urethra. Similar to cystitis, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (dysuria), urethral discharge, or both. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are also frequent manifestations, and are part of the clinical triad for ReA.
Image by Lecturio.Ocular:
Genitourinary:
Mucocutaneous:
GI:
Cardiac Cardiac Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR):
Presentation
Presentation
The position or orientation of the fetus at near term or during obstetric labor, determined by its relation to the spine of the mother and the birth canal. The normal position is a vertical, cephalic presentation with the fetal vertex flexed on the neck.
Normal and Abnormal Labor of acute viral
conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is a common inflammation of the bulbar and/or palpebral conjunctiva. It can be classified into infectious (mostly viral) and noninfectious conjunctivitis, which includes allergic causes. Patients commonly present with red eyes, increased tearing, burning, foreign body sensation, and photophobia.
Conjunctivitis:
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis is a common inflammation of the bulbar and/or palpebral conjunctiva. It can be classified into infectious (mostly viral) and noninfectious conjunctivitis, which includes allergic causes. Patients commonly present with red eyes, increased tearing, burning, foreign body sensation, and photophobia.
Conjunctivitis, which is typically seen with viral infection of the
pharynx
Pharynx
The pharynx is a component of the digestive system that lies posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx. The pharynx can be divided into the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx. Pharyngeal muscles play an integral role in vital processes such as breathing, swallowing, and speaking.
Pharynx: Anatomy
Keratoderma blennorrhagicum:
A cutaneous manifestation of reactive
arthritis
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of joints.
Osteoarthritis, which commonly affects the palms and soles
Balanitis
Balanitis
Inflammation of the head of the penis, glans penis.
Penile Anomalies and Conditions circinata:
Another possible extra-articular manifestation of reactive
arthritis
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of joints.
Osteoarthritis.
This classic triad of symptoms is found in only about 30% of patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship with ReA:Â
Reactive arthritis Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of joints. Osteoarthritis is a clinical diagnosis based on:
Synovial fluid analysis Synovial Fluid Analysis Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Laboratory findings:
Radiographs of affected joints:
Symptoms of ReA typically resolve in 3‒4 months, but prolonged or recurrent symptoms can occur in up to 50% of patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship.
Acute ReA (duration < 6 months):
Chronic ReA (duration > 6 months):
Ocular:
Mucocutaneous: