Lecturio: Study for Medical School, USMLE, MCAT & MBBS

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Raynaud's phenomenon refers to an abnormally marked and sudden vasoconstrictive response to cold temperature or emotional stress. The condition was first described by a medical student, Maurice Raynaud, in 1862. These "vasospastic attacks" are usually but not always limited to the fingers or toes and are associated with sharply demarcated triphasic color changes at the distal portions of the digits. There is initial blanching with numbness, followed by cyanosis, both of which correspond to the phase of constricted blood flow; subsequently, there is a red blush of reperfusion after rewarming or resolution of the provocative stressful event. Raynaud's phenomenon may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary. Patienten*innen stellen sich häufig im zweiten und dritten Lebensjahrzehnt mit einer rezidivierenden, intermittierenden Makrohämaturie vor. Viele Patienten*innen haben asymptomatische Verläufe und fallen in Routineuntersuchungen durch eine Mikrohämaturie und/oder Proteinurie auf. Häufig hatten die Betroffenen einen vorausgegangenen Infekt der oberen Atemwege oder des Magen-Darm-Trakts. Die Diagnose wird anhand von Anamnese, klinischem Erscheinungsbild und Labordiagnostik gestellt. Die sichere Diagnosestellung erfolgt durch eine Nierenbiopsie mit Immunfluoreszenzfärbung. Da die Erkrankung meist einen guten Verlauf hat, wird die Nierenbiospie nur bei schweren oder chronischen Verläufen durchgeführt. Die Behandlung ist abhängig vom Schweregrad der Proteinurie, der Nierenfunktion und den pathologischen Veränderungen. Zu den Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zählen ACE-Hemmer oder Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Blocker (ARBs), um das Fortschreiten der Krankheit zu verlangsamen. Eine persistierende Proteinurie und ein Anstieg des Kreatinins sind Indikationen für eine immunsuppressive Therapie mit Glukokortikoiden und ggf. Zytostatika.

Your Educators of course Medicina Interna (ENARM)

Joseph Alpert, MD

Dr. Joseph Alpert is the Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine, Director of Coronary Care and Medical Director of Cardiac Rehabilitation at the University of Arizona (UA) College of Medicine, USA.
He obtained his Medical Degree cum laude from Harvard Medical School in 1969. Currently, he is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Association of Professors of Medicine, and Editor-in-Chief of The American Journal of Medicine.
Due to his achievements, he earned the Gifted Teacher Award from the American College of Cardiology in 2004.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Alpert teaches courses on Cardiology and the Cardiac System.

Paul Moss, PhD, OBE, FMed, FRCPath

Dr. Paul Moss is Professor of Hematology within the Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy at the University of Birmingham, UK, and Deputy Head of the College of Medical and Dental Sciences.
He studied Medical Sciences at the University of Cambridge and was a fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists. During the coronavirus pandemic, he has been leading the UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium (UK-CIC).
Dr. Moss makes substantial contributions to teaching both within the University of Birmingham and beyond.
Within Lecturio, he teaches courses on Hematology.

Jeremy Brown, PhD, MRCP(UK), MBBS

Professor Jeremy Brown is a Professor of Respiratory Infection at the University College of London (UCL) in England, UK.
He obtained his PhD in molecular microbiology from the University of London in 1999. Currently, he is a Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant at UCL, and Lead Teacher for respiratory medicine undergraduate teaching at the University College London Hospitals (UCLH).
Due to his achievements, he obtained a Welcome Advanced Research Fellowship for further scientific training at the University of Adelaide. He has also led internationally respected research programs in pneumonia prevention and antibiotic resistance.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Brown teaches courses on Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonology.

Georgina Cornwall, PhD

Dr. Georgina Cornwall is a Biology Instructor and currently works as an Instructional Designer in the private sector, developing interactive online training materials.
She obtained her PhD in Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology at the University of Colorado, USA, in 2000, and has since taught a broad array of biology courses at various US universities.
She is an active promoter of hybrid/online teaching formats and interactive courses, and has received several awards for her engaging and innovative course design; e.g., she was named Adjunct Faculty of the Year at Colorado Mountain College in Aspen twice.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Cornwall teaches courses on Biology & Genetics.

Thad Wilson, PhD

Dr. Thad E. Wilson is a Professor and Director of Education in the Department of Physiology at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA.
He obtained his PhD from the University of Utah, Salt Lake City.
Not only is he an experienced lecturer with many years of teaching experience, but he has also developed and improved medical curriculums, and served in leadership roles directing Medical Physiology and various organ system courses.
Due to his achievements, Dr. Wilson has been awarded multiple institutional and national medical school teaching awards.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Wilson teaches courses on Physiology.

Carlo Raj, MD

Dr. Carlo Raj is a Physician and Lecturer at Becker’s Healthcare, in Illinois, USA, and the CEO and founder of Indus Intellect Virtual MedEd, a medical education consulting company.
He obtained his MD from Medical University of the Americas (MUA) and is an international lecturer and public speaker.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Raj teaches courses on Pathology.

John Fisher, MD

Dr. John F. Fisher is a Professor of Medicine and Infectious Diseases at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University in the USA.
He obtained his medical degree from Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine in 1969. He is a Master of the American College of Physicians (MACP) and is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine in Medicine and Infectious Diseases.
Due to his achievements, he has earned the Annual J. Willis Hurst Teaching Award, the Jane F. Deforges Excellence in Medical Education Award, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America's Clinical Teacher Award.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Fisher teaches courses on Infectious Diseases.

Pravin Shukle, MD

Dr. Pravin Shukle is a board certified specialist in internal medicine and currently works as an Independent Medical Practice Professional in Ontario, Canada.
He graduated from the University of Saskatchewan in 1994.
Dr. Shukle is an avid speaker and performs over 150 special lectures across the nation each year with various audiences ranging from the general public, to nurses, to physicians, to medical specialists.
Within Lecturio, he teaches courses on Pharmacology.

Brian Alverson, MD

Dr. Brian Alverson is the Residency Director at Nemours Children's Hospital in Wilmington, Delaware and a Professor of Pediatrics at Jefferson University in Philadelphia. Until 2022, he has been a Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Medical Science at Brown University, as well as the Director for the Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine at Hasbro Children's Hospital, Rhode Island, USA.

He obtained his MD at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1999 and is currently also the Director of Undergraduate Pediatric Education at the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University.

Due to his achievements in pediatric education, he has won over 25 teaching awards at two Ivy League Medical Schools.

Within Lecturio, Dr. Alverson teaches courses on Pediatrics.

Hetal Verma, MD

Dr. Hetal Verma is a Clinical Instructor of Radiology and the Co-Director of the Radiology Cambridge Integrated Clerkship at Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.
She is a graduate of the University of Massachusetts Medical School and completed her Breast Imaging fellowship at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Since 2012, she is the Director of Breast Imaging at Cambridge Health Alliance Radiology, a teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School.
She is passionate about women's health and has vast experience in teaching medical students and residents at Harvard Medical School.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Verma teaches courses on Radiology.

Charles Vega, MD

Dr. Charles Vega is the Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Family Medicine at the University of California, Irvine in California, USA.
He obtained his Medical Degree from the University of Wisconsin, and completed residency training in Family Medicine at UC Irvine. Currently, he is the Executive Director of UCI’s Program in Medical Education for the Latino Community.
Due to his achievements, he earned a Macy Faculty Scholarship to improve patient-centered health education at UCI.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Vega teaches courses on Family Medicine.

Julianna Jung, MD, FACEP

Dr. Julianna Jung is an Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
She obtained her MD at Johns Hopkins University in 1999. Since 2006, she is the Director of Medical Student Education in the Emergency Medicine Department, and she was appointed the Associate Director of the Johns Hopkins Medicine Simulation Center in 2011.
She directs several major educational initiatives for medical students at Johns Hopkins, and her work has been recognized with several teaching awards, including the prestigious George J. Stuart Award.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Jung teaches courses on Emergency Medicine.

Helen Farrell, MD

Dr. Helen M. Farrell is a board-certified psychiatrist and works in private practice in Boston MA. She obtained her MD from Trinity College Dublin, Ireland in 2006. Dr. Farrell served on the Harvard Medical School faculty for over a decade, during which time she was an award-winning lecturer.

Due to her achievements, she is well-published in the field of psychiatry and forensic psychiatry and has appeared as an expert witness in court. She also delivered the TEDx Talk, “Creating Hope for Mental Health” in 2015 and has since contributed to multiple TED-Ed videos on mental health, which have over 30 million collective views.

Within Lecturio, Dr. Farrell teaches courses on Psychiatry.

Mohammad Hajighasemi-Ossareh, MD

Dr. Mohammad Hajighasemi-Ossareh, MD, MBA is a Vascular Neurologist at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California.
He obtained his Doctorate of Medicine (M.D.) and Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) degrees at the University of California.
He completed his General Neurology Residency at the LAC+USC Medical Center in Los Angeles and Vascular Neurology Fellowship at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
Currently, he operates the DocOssareh YouTube channel, providing education for pre-med and medical students.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Ossareh teaches courses in the Medical School Survival Guide.

Michael Lazarus, MD

Dr. Michael Lazarus is a Professor of Clinical Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
He obtained his MD from the University of the Witwatersrand School of Health Sciences, South Africa, and trained at the Washington University School of Medicine. In 2003, he joined the faculty at UCLA and currently serves as the Medical Director of the UCLA Hospitalist Section.
He has won various teaching awards, such as the Serge & Yvette Dadone Clinical Teaching Award, and was featured in the Los Angeles Magazine's Top Doctors Guide in 2021.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Lazarus teaches courses on Endocrinology.

Sean Elliott, MD

Dr. Sean Elliott is the Professor of Clinical Pediatrics and the Associate Chair for the Department of Pediatrics at The University of Arizona, USA.
He obtained his MD from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1993. Currently, he is Pediatric Infectious Disease Specialist at the University of Arizona Medical Center.
He devotes time to Quality Improvement, graduate medical education efficacy and his scholarship with the Tucson Hospitals Medical Education Program (THMEP).
Within Lecturio, Dr. Elliott teaches courses on Microbiology.

Stephen Holt, MD, MS

Dr. Stephen Holt is the Associate Program Director for Ambulatory Education in the Primary Care Program at the Yale School of Medicine in Connecticut, USA.
He obtained his MD from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 2004. Currently, he is Director of the Addiction Recovery Clinic and Codirector of Clinician Educator Distinctions Pathway at Yale School of Medicine.
Because of his achievements, he earned the Faculty Teacher of the Year award from the Yale Primary Care Residency Program in 2009 and 2017.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Holt teaches courses on Physical Examination, Dermatology, and Rheumatology.

Kelley Chuang, MD

Dr. Kelley Chuang is an Assistant Clinical Professor at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA), USA, and works as a hospitalist at the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System.
She obtained her medical degree from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and completed a chief residency in Internal Medicine at UCLA.
Dr. Chuang also holds a Master's Degree in Teaching and combines her interests in medicine and teaching as a medical educator.
Within Lecturio, she teaches courses on Gastroenterology.

Amy Sussman, MD

Dr. Amy Sussman is an Associate Professor of Medicine and the Vice Chair of Education in the Department of Medicine of the University of Arizona (UA), USA.
She obtained her MD from the University of Arizona in 2001 and completed residency and a Nephrology Fellowship at the University of Washington. Dr. Sussman was recruited back to the UA in 2009 and also serves as her department's clerkship director, and as the program director of the UA Nephrology Fellowship.
Because of her strong emphasis on medical student teaching, she has been distinguished with multiple teaching awards in the UA College of Medicine.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Sussman teaches courses on Nephrology.

Richard Mitchell, MD, PhD

Dr. Richard N. Mitchell is the Lawrence J. Henderson Professor of Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology, at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts, USA.

He obtained his PhD in Cell Biology and Immunology from Rockefeller University in 1980, and his MD from Harvard Medical School in 1984. Currently, he is Program Director of the Health Sciences and Technology Education and Curriculum at Harvard Medical School.

Due to his achievements, he earned the ASIP Robbins Distinguished Educator Award in 2013.

Within Lecturio, Dr. Mitchell teaches courses on Pathology.

Roy Strowd, MD

Dr. Roy Strowd is the Assistant Dean of Undergraduate Medical Education at the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, in North Carolina, USA.
He obtained his MD from Wake Forest School of Medicine in 2009, and his MEd from Johns Hopkins University in 2021. Currently, he co-directs the Neurofibromatosis and Tuberous Sclerosis Clinics at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, and is a researcher for the Adult Brain Tumor Consortium (ABTC) and Alliance for Clinical Trials in Neuro-Oncology.
Due to his achievements, he earned the M. Brownell Anderson Award from the Association of American Medical Colleges.
Within Lecturio, Dr. Strowd teaches courses on Clinical Neurology.

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i enjoyed your lecture

By Nurul Aqila R. on 12. July 2024 for Infective Endocarditis (IE): Definition and Epidemiology

i am so happy to get new info from your talk !!!

Amazing lecture

By Nariel G. on 10. July 2024 for Anticoagulant Drugs – Thrombosis and Anti-Thrombotic Therapy

Thank you for this succinct lecture. Key highlighted areas are great, particularly coverage on novel anticoagulants and DOACs

Thanks

By Nafessa M. on 06. July 2024 for Hepatitis B Infection with Case

That was fasinating lecture It gave me deep insight into HBV thank you doctor

Excellent

By Alexandra K. on 30. June 2024 for Other Forms of Therapy – Hypertension

Excellent review! These are series reallly completes and easy to understand

Medicina Interna (ENARM)

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