Infectious Infectious Febrile Infant folliculitis is a common skin Skin The skin, also referred to as the integumentary system, is the largest organ of the body. The skin is primarily composed of the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (deep layer). The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes that undergo rapid turnover, while the dermis contains dense layers of connective tissue. Skin: Structure and Functions condition characterized by the inflammation Inflammation Inflammation is a complex set of responses to infection and injury involving leukocytes as the principal cellular mediators in the body's defense against pathogenic organisms. Inflammation is also seen as a response to tissue injury in the process of wound healing. The 5 cardinal signs of inflammation are pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Inflammation of hair follicles caused by an infectious Infectious Febrile Infant agent (bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic). Staphylococcus Staphylococcus Staphylococcus is a medically important genera of Gram-positive, aerobic cocci. These bacteria form clusters resembling grapes on culture plates. Staphylococci are ubiquitous for humans, and many strains compose the normal skin flora. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent. Diagnosis is clinical and presentations include pruritus Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema), follicular pustules, and erythematous papules. Management is usually supportive care but topical or oral antibiotic therapy may be required in severe cases.
Last updated: 13 Apr, 2022
Infectious Infectious Febrile Infant folliculitis occurs due to inflammation Inflammation Inflammation is a complex set of responses to infection and injury involving leukocytes as the principal cellular mediators in the body’s defense against pathogenic organisms. Inflammation is also seen as a response to tissue injury in the process of wound healing. The 5 cardinal signs of inflammation are pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Inflammation of the superficial or deep portion of the hair follicle Hair follicle A tube-like invagination of the epidermis from which the hair shaft develops and into which sebaceous glands open. The hair follicle is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis. Follicles of very long hairs extend into the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the skin. Cowden Syndrome caused by an infectious Infectious Febrile Infant agent (see table below).
Etiology | Risk factors | Pathogens |
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Bacterial |
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Gram-positive bacteria
gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by gram’s method.
Bacteriology: Staphylococcus Staphylococcus Staphylococcus is a medically important genera of Gram-positive, aerobic cocci. These bacteria form clusters resembling grapes on culture plates. Staphylococci are ubiquitous for humans, and many strains compose the normal skin flora. Staphylococcus aureus (most common), both methicillin Methicillin One of the penicillins which is resistant to penicillinase but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection. Penicillins-sensitive and methicillin Methicillin One of the penicillins which is resistant to penicillinase but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection. Penicillins-resistant ( MRSA MRSA A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of methicillin. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired penicillin binding proteins. Staphylococcus) (folliculitis contributes to the increasing prevalence Prevalence The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. Measures of Disease Frequency of community-acquired MRSA MRSA A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of methicillin. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired penicillin binding proteins. Staphylococcus infections Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases. Chronic Granulomatous Disease). |
Gram-negative bacteria
gram-negative bacteria
Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by gram’s method.
Bacteriology (more common in
groin
Groin
The external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh.
Male Genitourinary Examination areas):
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Fungal |
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Viral |
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Parasitic | Demodex folliculitis | Demodex folliculorum, a parasitic mite |
Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (embryos or fetuses) in utero before birth, beginning from fertilization to birth. Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Physiology, and Care, with lesions on the lower back
Image: “Lesions on the lower back” by U.S. National Library of Medicine. License: CC BY 4.0Folliculitis decalvans Folliculitis Decalvans Alopecia, induration Induration Dermatologic Examination of the scalp that can present as pustules, erosions Erosions Corneal Abrasions, Erosion, and Ulcers, crusts, ulcers, and scale Scale Dermatologic Examination
Image: “Patient 11 on presentation Presentation The position or orientation of the fetus at near term or during obstetric labor, determined by its relation to the spine of the mother and the birth canal. The normal position is a vertical, cephalic presentation with the fetal vertex flexed on the neck. Normal and Abnormal Labor” by Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China. License: CC BY 2.0Bacterial folliculitis on lower leg Leg The lower leg, or just “leg” in anatomical terms, is the part of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle joint. The bony structure is composed of the tibia and fibula bones, and the muscles of the leg are grouped into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments by extensions of fascia. Leg: Anatomy presenting as follicular pustules
Image: “Folliculitis on lower leg Leg The lower leg, or just “leg” in anatomical terms, is the part of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle joint. The bony structure is composed of the tibia and fibula bones, and the muscles of the leg are grouped into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments by extensions of fascia. Leg: Anatomy” by Da pacem Domine. License: Public DomainPseudofolliculitis barbae presenting as firm hyperpigmented papules on the neck Neck The part of a human or animal body connecting the head to the rest of the body. Peritonsillar Abscess and jawline. This is caused by inflammation Inflammation Inflammation is a complex set of responses to infection and injury involving leukocytes as the principal cellular mediators in the body’s defense against pathogenic organisms. Inflammation is also seen as a response to tissue injury in the process of wound healing. The 5 cardinal signs of inflammation are pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Inflammation provoked by hair penetrating interfollicular skin Skin The skin, also referred to as the integumentary system, is the largest organ of the body. The skin is primarily composed of the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (deep layer). The epidermis is primarily composed of keratinocytes that undergo rapid turnover, while the dermis contains dense layers of connective tissue. Skin: Structure and Functions after shaving (“ingrown hairs”) and can occur anywhere hair is shaved or plucked.
Image: “Picture of Pseudofolliculitis Barbae” by Army Medical Department. License: Public DomainSubcutaneous abscess Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection. Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Image by Lecturio.Management consists mostly of supportive measures:
Antibiotic therapy is guided by the suspected or known causative organism:
The following conditions can be confused with infectious Infectious Febrile Infant folliculitis.