Fibrocystic Breast Disease – Top USMLE Diseases

Fibrocystic change of the breast is a non-specific term referring to several types of benign breast conditions. These are non-proliferative lesions, which include cystic and fibrous tissue formation. Fibrocystic changes are seen in up to 50–60% of women, most commonly between 30–50 years of age. Changes are stimulated by both estrogen and progesterone, and often diminish or resolve with menopause. Patients typically present with a breast mass, “lumpy” or firm breasts, and/or cyclic breast pain. The work-up involves imaging, with mammogram or ultrasound, and biopsy (if needed) to exclude malignancy. Management includes observation, supportive measures, and altering hormone therapy, as needed. These changes do not appear to significantly increase the risk for breast cancer.