Pulmonary hypertension (PH) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, which can lead to chronic progressive right heart failure. Pulmonary hypertension is grouped into 5 categories based on etiology, which include primary PAH, and PH due to cardiac disease, lung or hypoxic disease, chronic thromboembolic disease, and multifactorial or unclear etiologies. Patients typically present with shortness of breath initially during exercise and then at rest. Diagnosis may involve an echocardiogram, ECG, chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests, a ventilation-perfusion scan, laboratory testing for conditions associated with PAH, and/or cardiac catheterization. Management is often complex and aimed at treating the underlying etiology. Several classes of vasodilatory agents may be used for patients with primary PAH, including calcium channel blockers and vasoactive prostaglandins.