Melanoma is a malignant tumor arising from melanocytes, the melanin-producing cells of the epidermis. These tumors are most common in fair-skinned individuals with a history of excessive sun exposure and sunburns. Melanomas usually present as pigmented skin lesions, but they can occur on mucosal surfaces, such as in the eyes, anal canal, and genital regions. Common findings may include Asymmetry of the lesion, irregular Border, varying Color, > 6 mm Diameter, and Evolving features (ABCDE). Definitive diagnosis is established with biopsy. Treatment relies primarily on surgical excision. The prognosis is very good for early-stage lesions but quite dismal for metastatic disease. Of all the skin malignancies, melanoma generally carries the worst prognosis.