Craniosynostosis is the premature Premature Childbirth before 37 weeks of pregnancy (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after fertilization). Necrotizing Enterocolitis fusion of 1 or more cranial sutures during the 1st year of life. Craniosynostosis is classified as simple or complex, and can be caused by environmental factors or genetic syndromes. Patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship are typically asymptomatic and concern may arise from caregiver observations. Diagnosis is made clinically and by imaging of the head Imaging of the head Today, CT and MRI, especially the latter, are the preferred imaging methods for the study of the cranial vault and its contents. In conditions where emergent management is decided on the basis of presentation and imaging, CT has the advantage of rapid scan time and wider availability. Imaging of the Head and Brain. Treatment is surgical and prognosis Prognosis A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations. Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas depends on classification and the presence of genetic syndromes.
Last updated: Jan 8, 2021
Nonsyndromic:
Syndromic:
Aside from an abnormally shaped head, most patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures. Clinician–Patient Relationship are asymptomatic. Careful exam should be performed to evaluate for signs of increased intracranial pressure Intracranial Pressure Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension including developmental delay.
Type | Epidemiology | Deformity Deformity Examination of the Upper Limbs | Clinical presentation Presentation The position or orientation of the fetus at near term or during obstetric labor, determined by its relation to the spine of the mother and the birth canal. The normal position is a vertical, cephalic presentation with the fetal vertex flexed on the neck. Normal and Abnormal Labor |
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Coronal Coronal Computed Tomography (CT) |
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Unilateral:
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Unilateral:
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Lambdoid |
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Unilateral:
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Metopic |
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Multiple |
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Diagram of a head with lambdoidal craniosynostosis.
Notice the fusion of the
lambdoid suture
Lambdoid suture
Cranial suture, or a type of fibrous joint, between the parietal and occipital bones.
Skull: Anatomy, the anterior and posterior protuberances, and the posterior
displacement
Displacement
The process by which an emotional or behavioral response that is appropriate for one situation appears in another situation for which it is inappropriate.
Defense Mechanisms of the ear.
Diagram of a head with
sagittal
Sagittal
Computed Tomography (CT) craniosynostosis.
Notice the fusion of the
sagittal
Sagittal
Computed Tomography (CT) suture.
Scaphocephaly from
sagittal
Sagittal
Computed Tomography (CT) craniosynostosis.
Phenotypic
photographs
Photographs
Ultrasound (Sonography) (A, B) and computed tomography (CT) imaging (C, D) showing preoperative scaphocephaly from
sagittal
Sagittal
Computed Tomography (CT) craniosynostosis.
Depiction of brachycephalic malformation due to bilateral coronal Coronal Computed Tomography (CT) suture fusion of an infant’s head, top-down and side view
Image by Lecturio.Oxycephaly: tall cranium Cranium The skull (cranium) is the skeletal structure of the head supporting the face and forming a protective cavity for the brain. The skull consists of 22 bones divided into the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) and the neurocranium. Skull: Anatomy due to inadequately treated bilateral coronal Coronal Computed Tomography (CT) suture fusion
Image by Lecturio.Diagnosis relies on clinical observation, but imaging may be used to further characterize anatomy for classification or surgery
3D CT showing the synostotic sagittal Sagittal Computed Tomography (CT) suture with a posteriorly twisted skull Skull The skull (cranium) is the skeletal structure of the head supporting the face and forming a protective cavity for the brain. The skull consists of 22 bones divided into the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) and the neurocranium. Skull: Anatomy
Image: “Atypical craniosynostosis with torticollis Torticollis A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors. Cranial Nerve Palsies and neurological symptoms” by Koljonen V, Leikola J, Valanne L, Hukki J. License: CC BY 3.0Molded helmet:
Surgical intervention: