Diabetic glomerulopathy is the leading cause of chronic renal failure in adults. Long-standing type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with this microvascular complication, along with peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy. The pathology of diabetic glomerulopathy is distinguishable based on certain features, including the presence of pathognomonic Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules, hence the term Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease. A diagnosis of diabetic glomerulopathy does not require a renal biopsy – rather, it is established based on the presence of significant proteinuria and a history of diabetes for >10 years or diabetic retinopathy. Students should be aware about this important complication of diabetes, including its pathology, pathophysiology, clinical course and management.