Pericarditis

Definición y Clasificación

Definición

La pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis es una inflamación del pericardio, el saco de dos capas que recubre el corazón.

La clasificación clínica se basa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la duración del cuadro.

Aguda (< 6 semanas)
- Fibrinosa
- Efusiva (seroso o serohemático)
Subaguda (de 6 semanas a 6 meses)
- Efusiva-constrictiva
- Constrictiva
Crónica (> 6 meses)
- Constrictiva
- Adhesiva (no constrictiva)

Epidemiología y Etiología

Epidemiología

Se ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia registrado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 0,1%–0,2% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes hospitalizados
Se reporta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 5% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes ingresados en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la sala de emergencias por dolor Dolor Inflammation torácico no isquémico

Etiología

Idiopática (más común)	Tras excluir otras causas
Infección viral	Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology Coxsackie B Influenza Influenza Influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family and the causative organisms of influenza, a highly contagious febrile respiratory disease. There are 3 primary influenza viruses (A, B, and C) and various subtypes, which are classified based on their virulent surface antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Influenza typically presents with a fever, myalgia, headache, and symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. Influenza Viruses/Influenza VIH Echovirus Echovirus Echoviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses belonging to the genus Enterovirus. Transmission is most commonly through the fecal-oral route. The majority of patients are asymptomatic. Patients who are symptomatic can exhibit a wide range of illnesses ranging from nonspecific URIs and exanthems to severe and life-threatening illnesses. Echovirus
Infección bacteriana	Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis (causa más común a nivel mundial) Especies de Estreptococos (fiebre reumática) Enfermedad de Lyme Pseudomonas Pseudomonas Pseudomonas is a non-lactose-fermenting, gram-negative bacillus that produces pyocyanin, which gives it a characteristic blue-green color. Pseudomonas is found ubiquitously in the environment, as well as in moist reservoirs, such as hospital sinks and respiratory equipment. Pseudomonas Especies de Estafilococos Mycoplasma Mycoplasma Mycoplasma is a species of pleomorphic bacteria that lack a cell wall, which makes them difficult to target with conventional antibiotics and causes them to not gram stain well. Mycoplasma bacteria commonly target the respiratory and urogenital epithelium. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), the causative agent of atypical or “walking” pneumonia. Mycoplasma
Infección por hongos (muy rara)	Histoplasma Histoplasma Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. The fungus exists as a mold at low temperatures and as yeast at high temperatures. H. capsulatum is the most common endemic fungal infection in the US and is most prevalent in the midwestern and central states along the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. Histoplasma/Histoplasmosis Blastomyces Blastomyces Blastomycosis is an infection caused by inhalation of the spores of the fungus, Blastomyces. Blastomyces species thrive in moist soil and decaying material and are common in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys and the Great Lakes regions of the United States and Canada. Although most patients are asymptomatic, some can develop pneumonia. Blastomyces/Blastomycosis Coccidioides Coccidioides Coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as San Joaquin Valley fever, is a fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. When Coccidioides spores are inhaled, they transform into spherules that result in infection. Coccidioidomycosis is also a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and can cause severe disease in the immunocompromised. Coccidioides/Coccidioidomycosis Aspergillus Aspergillus A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family trichocomaceae. Echinocandins
Enfermedad autoinmune	Lupus eritematoso sistémico Artritis reumatoide Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease that causes noncaseating granulomas. The exact etiology is unknown. Sarcoidosis usually affects the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes, but it can also affect almost every system in the body, including the skin, heart, and eyes, most commonly. Sarcoidosis Vasculitis Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the arteries; veins; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Behcet, arteritis de Takayasu)
Metabolismo	Uremia Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of renal insufficiency. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen catabolism, such as urea or creatinine. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. Acute Kidney Injury Hipotiroidismo
Cardiovascular	Miocardiopatía de Takotsubo Síndrome de Dressler Infarto agudo de miocardio Lesión cardíaca (e.g., tras una operación) Disección aórtica Insuficiencia cardíaca crónica
Cáncer	Cáncer de pulmón Cáncer de mama Leucemia Linfoma Radioterapia
Medicamentos	Procainamida Hidralazina Penicilina Isoniazida Quimioterapia

Fisiopatología

La cascada inflamatoria estimula la liberación de líquido en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el espacio pericárdico, provocando un derrame.
La acumulación rápida de grandes cantidades de líquido en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el espacio pericárdico puede condicionar un taponamiento cardíaco, comprometiendo el gasto cardíaco y pudiendo ocasionar un shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock obstructivo.
La pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis constrictiva se caracteriza por un saco pericárdico engrosado y cicatrizado que se sitúa alrededor del corazón e impide el llenado diastólico adecuado.

Presentación Clínica y Diagnóstico

Presentación clínica típica

El paciente presenta un dolor Dolor Inflammation torácico central que empeora durante la inspiración o al AL Amyloidosis estar acostado. Inclinarse hacia delante mientras se encuentra sentado puede aliviar el dolor Dolor Inflammation.
Puede presentarse con fiebre.
En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 50% de los LOS Neisseria casos, puede escucharse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la auscultación un roce pericárdico (sonido de frote durante la sístole y la diástole).

Características clínicas y diagnósticas importantes de la pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis aguda, crónica y constrictiva
Características	Aguda	Crónica	Constrictiva
Dolor Dolor Inflammation	Grave/agudo Frecuentemente: pleurítico ¹ En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ocasiones: constante (puede confundirse con el infarto agudo de miocardio) Irradiación: cuello, hombro(s), brazo(s), trapecio	Menos grave Puede estar ausente si se desarrolla lentamente	Ninguno
Otros síntomas	El dolor Dolor Inflammation se intensifica al AL Amyloidosis estar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum posición supina El dolor Dolor Inflammation mejora al AL Amyloidosis inclinarse hacia delante	Puede presentar disnea	Debilidad Fatiga Aumento de peso Disnea de esfuerzo
Examen físico	Puede presentar ingurgitación yugular Roce pericárdico ²	Puede presentar ingurgitación yugular Radiografía: Gran silueta cardíaca	Distensión de las venas del cuello Golpe pericárdico ³ Signo de Kussmaul ⁴ Pulso paradójico ⁵ Hepatomegalia, ascitis, edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema periférico Curva de presión venosa yugular: descensos prominentes en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum x y y Radiografía: silueta cardíaca pequeña/normal/ligeramente agrandada y calcificaciones pericárdicas
ECG ECG An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart plotted against time. Adhesive electrodes are affixed to the skin surface allowing measurement of cardiac impulses from many angles. The ECG provides 3-dimensional information about the conduction system of the heart, the myocardium, and other cardiac structures. Electrocardiogram (ECG)	Elevación difusa del segmento ST con concavidad hacia arriba y sin inversiones de la onda T ⁶ Alternancia eléctrica ⁷ con un gran derrame	Alternancia eléctrica ⁷ con un gran derrame	QRS de bajo voltaje Fibrilación auricular en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un-tercio de los LOS Neisseria casos
Ecocardiograma⁸	Derrame pleural	Derrame pleural	Engrosamiento del pericardio
Taponamiento ⁹	Con una rápida acumulación de líquido	Inusual	Nunca
Comentarios	Pueden producirse biomarcadores cardíacos elevados, que simulan aún más el diagnóstico de un IAM.

Dolor pleurítico: dolor que se exacerba con la inspiración o la espiración y que calma o se elimina al mantener la respiración
Roce pericárdico: un sonido raspante, de arañazo o de chirrido con hasta 3 componentes por ciclo cardíaco y que se escucha mejor durante la espiración con el paciente inclinado hacia delante
Golpe pericárdico: un tercer ruido cardíaco temprano
Signo de Kussmaul: ausencia de descenso normal de la presión venosa yugular con la inspiración; también se observa en la estenosis tricuspídea, el infarto del ventrículo derecho y la miocardiopatía restrictiva
Pulso paradójico: descenso de > 10 mm Hg de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) durante la inspiración (i.e., diferencia entre el primer sonido de la PAS que se escucha durante la espiración y el primer sonido de la PAS que se escucha a lo largo del ciclo respiratorio > 10 mm Hg)
Los cambios subsecuentes del ECG incluyen: La elevación del segmento ST que vuelve a la normalidad luego de varios días (estadio 2), seguida de inversiones de la onda T (estadio 3), y la normalización completa del ECG luego de semanas a meses (estadio 4)
Alternancia eléctrica: alternancia de las amplitudes del QRS
Ecocardiograma en la pericarditis: estudio más utilizado (la TC y la RM son más precisas para la enfermedad pericárdica)
Taponamiento: derrame pericárdico, generalmente de aparición súbita, que sobrepasa las presiones de llenado ventricular y provoca el colapso del corazón con una marcada reducción del gasto cardíaco

Características específicas de su etiología

Pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis viral o idiopática aguda:
- Es sugestivo un dolor Dolor Inflammation torácico 1–2 semanas luego de una enfermedad de tipo viral.
- Debe excluirse IAM, lesión postcardíaca, enfermedad vascular del colágeno, medicamentos, pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis piógena, etc ETC The electron transport chain (ETC) sends electrons through a series of proteins, which generate an electrochemical proton gradient that produces energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
- La complicación más frecuente es la pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis recidivante.
Pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis aguda post lesión cardíaca:
- 1-4 semanas luego de una cirugía cardíaca o de un traumatismo cerrado o penetrante
Pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis tuberculosa:
- Causa común de derrame pericárdico crónico en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria países en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum desarrollo
- En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un paciente con tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis o enfermedad sistémica y gran silueta cardíaca: un cultivo de líquido positivo o una biopsia de pericardio que revele un granuloma caseoso confirma el diagnóstico.
Pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis urémica:
- Se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la insuficiencia renal grave o en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum diálisis crónica

Acute pericarditis ST elevation — ECG que muestra elevación difusa del segmento ST con concavidad ascendente sin inversiones de la onda T en un paciente con pericarditis aguda
Imagen: “Diffuse STE in leads I, II, III, aVF, V2-V6 with ST depression in leads aVR and V1, compatible with acute pericarditis” por Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Licencia: CC BY 3.0

Markings on ECG showing pericarditis elevations — ECG que muestra elevación difusa del segmento ST con concavidad ascendente sin inversiones de la onda T en un paciente con pericarditis aguda
Imagen: “Diffuse STE in leads I, II, III, aVF, V2-V6 with ST depression in leads aVR and V1, compatible with acute pericarditis” por Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Licencia: CC BY 3.0

Tratamiento

Pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis viral o idiopática

Oxígeno y analgesia Analgesia Methods of pain relief that may be used with or in place of analgesics. Anesthesiology: History and Basic Concepts
Dosis altas de aspirina/antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) (e.g., ibuprofeno, indometacina) más protección gástrica
El tratamiento adyuvante con colchicina mejora la respuesta y reduce la tasa de recurrencia.
Los LOS Neisseria glucocorticoides a corto plazo pueden utilizarse si los LOS Neisseria AINE/colchicina son ineficaces o están contraindicados.

Pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis constrictiva

La resección completa del pericardio (pericardiectomía) es el único tratamiento definitivo y es mejor realizarlo lo antes posible
Diuréticos para reducir los LOS Neisseria síntomas que conducen a la cirugía

Tratamientos específicos

Inicio o intensificación de la diálisis además de los LOS Neisseria AINE en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis urémica
Antibióticos si se encuentra una infección subyacente
Terapia antituberculosa ± pericardiectomía

Diagnósticos Diferenciales

Angina estable e inestable: dolor Dolor Inflammation o malestar torácico paroxístico causado por una isquemia miocárdica. La angina estable se caracteriza por una corta duración de las molestias, que suelen estar asociadas a factores desencadenantes como la actividad física o el estrés. En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la angina inestable, los LOS Neisseria síntomas están presentes incluso en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum reposo. La mayoría de los LOS Neisseria individuos con angina padecen una enfermedad coronaria.
IAM: muerte de células miocárdicas debida a la isquemia del tejido miocárdico causada por una obstrucción completa o una constricción drástica de la arteria coronaria. Los LOS Neisseria síntomas típicos incluyen dolor Dolor Inflammation torácico que puede irradiarse al AL Amyloidosis brazo izquierdo, la mandíbula, el cuello y la parte superior de la espalda, así como náuseas y vómitos. La elevación del ST en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el ECG ECG An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart plotted against time. Adhesive electrodes are affixed to the skin surface allowing measurement of cardiac impulses from many angles. The ECG provides 3-dimensional information about the conduction system of the heart, the myocardium, and other cardiac structures. Electrocardiogram (ECG) puede estar presente (IAMCEST) o ausente (IAMSEST).
Estenosis aórtica: estrechamiento de la apertura de la válvula aórtica, caracterizado por una disminución del diámetro del tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo y la obstrucción del flujo sanguíneo hacia la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy
Esofagitis: inflamación del revestimiento del esófago, que puede estar causada por la enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE), infecciones, medicamentos y reacciones alérgicas.
Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of chronic pancreatitis. The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are alcoholic pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis: una inflamación del páncreas que suele provocar un dolor Dolor Inflammation epigástrico que se irradia a la espalda
Neumonía: inflamación aguda o crónica del tejido pulmonar causada generalmente por una infección bacteriana, viral o fúngica.
Pleuritis Pleuritis Pleuritis, also known as pleurisy, is an inflammation of the visceral and parietal layers of the pleural membranes of the lungs. The condition can be primary or secondary and results in sudden, sharp, and intense chest pain on inhalation and exhalation. Pleuritis: también conocida como pleuresía, es una inflamación de la pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy que recubre los LOS Neisseria pulmones. Puede ser causada por una infección viral (la más común), neumonía, cáncer de pulmón, enfermedad autoinmune o embolia pulmonar
Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis: enfermedad causada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis, que suele atacar los LOS Neisseria pulmones, pero que también puede dañar otras partes del cuerpo. Se presenta con fiebre, pérdida de peso, sudoración nocturna y tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome productiva
Neumotórax: acumulación de aire en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el espacio pleural que provoca el colapso del pulmón debido a la pérdida de la presión negativa. Se manifiesta con dolor Dolor Inflammation torácico pleurítico, disnea, taquicardia y reducción de los LOS Neisseria ruidos respiratorios en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el lado ipsilateral
Herpes zoster Herpes Zoster Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a linear, double-stranded DNA virus in the Herpesviridae family. Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) is more common in adults and occurs due to the reactivation of VZV. Varicella-Zoster Virus/Chickenpox: erupción cutánea con ampollas dolorosas, precedida de un dolor Dolor Inflammation agudo y urente, causada por la reactivación del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la varicela-zóster. Suele afectar a los LOS Neisseria dermatomas T3 T3 A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5′ position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly t3. Thyroid Hormones a L3.

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