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Tetraciclinas

Tetraciclinas

Las tetraciclinas son una clase de antibióticos de amplio espectro indicados para una gran variedad de infecciones bacterianas. Estos medicamentos se unen a la subunidad ribosomal 30S para inhibir la síntesis proteica bacteriana. Las tetraciclinas tienen cobertura contra microorganismos gram-positivos y gram-negativos, así como bacterias atípicas como clamidia, micoplasma, espiroquetas e incluso protozoos. La absorción oral de las tetraciclinas es disminuida con la ingestión de algunos medicamentos y suplementos (e.g., leche de magnesia) o alimentos (e.g., productos lácteos) que contienen cationes polivalentes, como el calcio y el magnesio. Los LOS Neisseria efectos secundarios incluyen fotosensibilidad, malestar gastrointestinal y pigmentación de la piel en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el caso de la minociclina. Las tetraciclinas inhiben el crecimiento óseo y decoloran los LOS Neisseria dientes en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum niños. Están contraindicadas durante el embarazo y generalmente se evitan durante la lactancia. Los LOS Neisseria tratamientos cortos con doxiciclina se consideran compatibles. En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 2018, la FDA aprobó tres fármacos de la clase de las tetraciclinas, que podrían ser útiles en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tratamiento de ciertas infecciones causadas por microorganismos resistentes a los LOS Neisseria medicamentos.

Last updated: Dec 15, 2025

Editorial responsibility: Stanley Oiseth, Lindsay Jones, Evelin Maza

Contents

Estructura Química y Farmacodinamia

Estructura química

  • Contienen un núcleo lineal, fusionado con 4 anillos
  • Tienen unidos una variedad de grupos funcionales
Estructura química de las tetraciclinas

Estructura química de la tetraciclina

Imagen: “Skeletal formula of tetracycline” por Vaccinationist. Licencia: Dominio Público

Mecanismo de acción

  • Las tetraciclinas se unen de forma reversible a la subunidad ribosomal 30S:
    • Bloquean la unión del aminoacil-ARNt al AL Amyloidosis complejo ARNm-ribosomal
    • Interrumpen la síntesis proteica bacteriana
  • Bacteriostáticos (inhiben, pero no matan, a los LOS Neisseria microorganismos)
  • La demeclociclina también es un antagonista de la hormona antidiurética (ADH, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el túbulo renal.
Sitio de acción de la tetraciclina en la subunidad ribosomal 30S

Sitio de acción de la tetraciclina en la subunidad ribosomal 30S

Imagen por Lecturio. Licencia: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Related videos

6:56
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)

Farmacocinética

  • Absorción:
    • Las presentaciones orales tienen buena absorción
    • La absorción disminuye entre 1–2 horas después del consumo de productos lácteos, antiácidos y cualquier otro producto que contenga hierro, magnesio, calcio o aluminio (e.g., suplementos, vitaminas), ya que estos elementos pueden unirse a las tetraciclinas y reducir su capacidad de ser absorbidas.
  • Distribución:
    • Se distribuyen adecuadamente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria fluidos corporales
    • Poca penetración en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el LCR, excepto la minociclina
    • La minociclina es la más lipofílica → alcanza niveles terapéuticos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el LCR
    • Distribución de minociclina ↑ en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum saliva Saliva The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptyalin. Salivary Glands: Anatomy y lágrimas
    • Distribución de la doxiciclina ↑ en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria fluidos prostáticos
  • Metabolismo: la mayoría de las tetraciclinas de 1ra generación no se metabolizan.
  • Excreción:
    • Principalmente mediante excreción renal
    • La doxiciclina se excreta por la bilis/heces

Indicaciones

Tabla: Tetraciclinas y sus indicaciones
Medicamento Indicaciones Perlas clínicas
Tetraciclina
(tableta oral)
  • Actinomicosis: cuando la penicilina está contraindicada
  • Infecciones por gram-negativos:
    • Klebsiella Klebsiella Klebsiella are encapsulated gram-negative, lactose-fermenting bacilli. They form pink colonies on MacConkey agar due to lactose fermentation. The main virulence factor is a polysaccharide capsule. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important pathogenic species. Klebsiella
    • Escherichia coli Escherichia coli The gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli is a key component of the human gut microbiota. Most strains of E. coli are avirulent, but occasionally they escape the GI tract, infecting the urinary tract and other sites. Less common strains of E. coli are able to cause disease within the GI tract, most commonly presenting as abdominal pain and diarrhea. Escherichia coli
    • Acinetobacter Acinetobacter Multidrug-resistant Organisms and Nosocomial Infections
    • Bacteroides Bacteroides Bacteroides is a genus of opportunistic, anaerobic, gram-negative bacilli. Bacteroides fragilis is the most common species involved in human disease and is part of the normal flora of the large intestine. Bacteroides
    • Enterobacter Enterobacter Multidrug-resistant Organisms and Nosocomial Infections
    • Shigella Shigella Shigella is a genus of gram-negative, non-lactose-fermenting facultative intracellular bacilli. Infection spreads most commonly via person-to-person contact or through contaminated food and water. Humans are the only known reservoir. Shigella
  • Acné: Cutibacterium ( Propionibacterium Propionibacterium A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria whose cells occur singly, in pairs or short chains, in V or y configurations, or in clumps resembling letters of the chinese alphabet. Its organisms are found in cheese and dairy products as well as on human skin and can occasionally cause soft tissue infections. Dog and Cat Bites) acnes
  • Infecciones respiratorias:
    • Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus Influenzae A species of Haemophilus found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through viii. Haemophilus
    • Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • S. pyogenes
    • Klebsiella Klebsiella Klebsiella are encapsulated gram-negative, lactose-fermenting bacilli. They form pink colonies on MacConkey agar due to lactose fermentation. The main virulence factor is a polysaccharide capsule. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important pathogenic species. Klebsiella
    • Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Short filamentous organism of the genus mycoplasma, which binds firmly to the cells of the respiratory epithelium. It is one of the etiologic agents of non-viral primary atypical pneumonia in man. Mycoplasma
  • Infecciones de la piel y los LOS Neisseria tejidos blandos
    • Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications. Brain Abscess
    • S. pyogenes
  • Infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU)
    • Klebsiella Klebsiella Klebsiella are encapsulated gram-negative, lactose-fermenting bacilli. They form pink colonies on MacConkey agar due to lactose fermentation. The main virulence factor is a polysaccharide capsule. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most important pathogenic species. Klebsiella
    • E. coli
  • ETS
    • Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia trachomatis Type species of Chlamydia causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases. Chlamydia
    • Linfogranuloma venéreo
    • Chancroide ( Haemophilus ducreyi Haemophilus ducreyi A species of Haemophilus that appears to be the pathogen or causative agent of the sexually transmitted disease, chancroid. Haemophilus)
    • Sífilis ( Treponema pallidum Treponema pallidum The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws. Treponema) —cuando la penicilina está contraindicada
  • Infecciones oftálmicas: Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia trachomatis Type species of Chlamydia causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases. Chlamydia (conjuntivitis)
  • Pian: Treponema Treponema Treponema is a gram-negative, microaerophilic spirochete. Owing to its very thin structure, it is not easily seen on Gram stain, but can be visualized using dark-field microscopy. This spirochete contains endoflagella, which allow for a characteristic corkscrew movement. Treponema pertenue
  • Amebiasis Amebiasis Amebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Transmission is through the fecal-oral route or by consumption of contaminated food and water. Most patients infected with E. histolytica are asymptomatic, but about 10% may develop dysentery. Entamoeba spp./Amebiasis: Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba Histolytica A species of parasitic protozoa causing entamoebiasis and amebic dysentery (dysentery, amebic). Characteristics include a single nucleus containing a small central karyosome and peripheral chromatin that is finely and regularly beaded. Amebicides
  • Ántrax
    • Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis A species of bacteria that causes anthrax in humans and animals. Anthrax
    • Cuando la penicilina está contraindicada
  • Infección de Vincent ( gingivitis Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (gingiva) without loss of connective tissue. Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome ulcerativa necrotizante aguda)
    • Fusobacterium Fusobacterium A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of humans and other animals. No endospores are formed. Some species are pathogenic and occur in various purulent or gangrenous infections. Dog and Cat Bites fusiforme
    • Cuando la penicilina está contraindicada
  • Listeriosis
    • Listeria Listeria Listeria spp. are motile, flagellated, gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacilli. The major pathogenic species is Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria are part of the normal gastrointestinal flora of domestic mammals and poultry and are transmitted to humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, especially unpasteurized dairy products. Listeria Monocytogenes/Listeriosis monocytogenes
    • Cuando la penicilina está contraindicada
  • Cólera: Vibrio cholerae Vibrio cholerae The etiologic agent of cholera. Vibrio
  • Fiebre recurrente: Borrelia recurrentis Borrelia recurrentis Borrelia
  • Infecciones por rickettsias
    • Grupo Typhus
    • Fiebre maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas
    • Coxiella burnetii Coxiella burnetii A species of gram-negative bacteria that grows preferentially in the vacuoles of the host cell. It is the etiological agent of q fever. Coxiella/Q Fever (fiebre Q)
  • Infecciones zoonóticas:
    • Bartonella Bartonella Bartonella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Bartonellaceae. As a facultative intracellular parasite, Bartonella can infect healthy people as well as act as an opportunistic pathogen. Bartonella species are transmitted by vectors such as ticks, fleas, sandflies, and mosquitoes. B. henselae is the most common of the 3 species known to cause human disease. Bartonella
    • Brucelosis (fiebre mediterránea/undulante): junto con aminoglucósidos
    • Tularemia: Francisella tularensis Francisella Tularensis Aminoglycosides
    • Peste: Yersinia pestis Yersinia pestis The plague is a bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis), which primarily infects rodents. The disease is transmitted to humans via a flea bite. Inhalation of infectious droplets and handling infected animals or laboratory specimens are other means of transmission. The plague has 3 forms: bubonic (most common form), septicemic, and pneumonic. Yersinia pestis/Plague
    • Psitacosis (fiebre del loro): Chlamydia psittaci Chlamydia psittaci A genus of chlamydophila infecting primarily birds. It contains eight known serovars, some of which infect more than one type of host, including humans. Chlamydia
 Usos distintos al AL Amyloidosis de la ficha: parte del tratamiento multimedicamentoso para Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter pylori A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus campylobacter, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus Helicobacter. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. Helicobacter (enfermedad de úlcera péptica)
Doxiciclina
  • Tableta oral
  • Cápsula oral
  • Jarabe/suspensión oral
  • Solución inyectable (intravenosa)
 Indicaciones de las tetraciclinas, más:
  • Enfermedad de Lyme ( Borrelia Borrelia Borrelia are gram-negative microaerophilic spirochetes. Owing to their small size, they are not easily seen on Gram stain but can be visualized using dark-field microscopy, Giemsa, or Wright stain. Spirochetes are motile and move in a characteristic spinning fashion due to axial filaments in the periplasmic space. Borrelia spp.)
  • Rosácea (solo en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum lesiones inflamatorias)
  • Neumonía adquirida en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la comunidad
  • Infecciones cutáneas por Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications. Brain Abscess, incluido el resistente a la meticilina ( MRSA MRSA A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of methicillin. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired penicillin binding proteins. Staphylococcus, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
  • Profilaxis del Plasmodium Plasmodium A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are plasmodium falciparum; plasmodium malariae; plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium vivax. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: plasmodium berghei; plasmodium chabaudi; p. Vinckei, and plasmodium yoelii in rodents; p. Brasilianum, plasmodium cynomolgi; and plasmodium knowlesi in monkeys; and plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens. Antimalarial Drugs falciparum (paludismo)
  • Tratamiento de 1ra línea para la enfermedad de Lyme a menos que esté contraindicada
  • Actividad de la doxiciclina > tetraciclina
  • No hay ajuste de dosis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la disfunción renal
Minociclina
  • Tableta oral
  • Cápsula oral
  • Solución inyectable (intravenosa)
 Indicaciones de la tetraciclina, más:
  • Estado de portador de meningococo
  • Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis: Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis. It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being a, b, c, y, and w-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype. Neisseria
  • Micobacterias atípicas
Demeclociclina
  • Numerosas indicaciones y amplia cobertura antimicrobiana
  • Rara vez se utiliza como agente antibacteriano
  • Se utiliza en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tratamiento del síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética ( SIADH SIADH Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a disorder of impaired water excretion due to the inability to suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). SIADH is characterized by impaired water excretion leading to dilutional hyponatremia, which is mainly asymptomatic but may cause neurologic symptoms. S Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH), por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) crónico
  • Induce una diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus insípida nefrogénica
Tigeciclina
(solución inyectable (intravenosa))
  • Neumonía adquirida en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la comunidad
  • Infecciones de la piel y los LOS Neisseria tejidos blandos, incluido el MRSA MRSA A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of methicillin. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired penicillin binding proteins. Staphylococcus
  • Enterococo resistente a la vancomicina
  • Infecciones intraabdominales, incluido el MRSA MRSA A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of methicillin. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired penicillin binding proteins. Staphylococcus
  • Derivado de las tetraciclinas, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum realidad una glicilciclina
  • Se utiliza cuando no hay otro medicamento y/o hay resistencia a la tetraciclina
  • Solo para uso intravenoso
  • No hay ajuste de dosis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la disfunción renal
  • No debe utilizarse para infecciones del torrente sanguíneo
  • No es susceptible a los LOS Neisseria mecanismos de resistencia a las tetraciclinas

Efectos Secundarios y Contraindicaciones

Efectos secundarios

  • Malestar gastrointestinal:
    • Las náuseas y los LOS Neisseria vómitos son los LOS Neisseria efectos secundarios más comunes
    • Se aconseja a los LOS Neisseria pacientes que consuman el medicamento con agua y que se sienten erguidos durante 30 minutos después de la ingestión para prevenir la esofagitis.
  • Fotosensibilidad de la piel:
    • La interacción química entre el medicamento/metabolito en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la piel y los LOS Neisseria rayos UV puede causar una reacción severa similar a una quemadura solar.
    • Se aconseja a los LOS Neisseria pacientes que eviten la luz solar directa y los LOS Neisseria rayos UV artificiales (i.e., las cámaras de bronceado) y que usen ropa protectora y protector solar.
  • ↓ Crecimiento óseo: niños < 8 años
  • Coloración amarillenta de los LOS Neisseria dientes e hipoplasia del esmalte: típicamente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum niños < 8 años
  • Hepatotoxicidad
  • Disfunción vestibular (más común con minociclina)
  • Reacción similar al AL Amyloidosis lupus inducido por medicamentos con minociclina
  • Síndrome de Fanconi con tetraciclinas caducadas

Contraindicaciones

  • Embarazo:
    • Puede causar defectos congénitos, hepatotoxicidad en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la madre y un desarrollo dental anormal como el ya descrito
    • La excepción es la doxiciclina para el tratamiento de Rickettsia Rickettsia Rickettsiae are a diverse collection of obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria that have a tropism for vascular endothelial cells. The vectors for transmission vary by species but include ticks, fleas, mites, and lice. Rickettsia spp.
  • Niños < 8 años, excepto para la doxiciclina para el tratamiento de Rickettsia Rickettsia Rickettsiae are a diverse collection of obligate intracellular, gram-negative bacteria that have a tropism for vascular endothelial cells. The vectors for transmission vary by species but include ticks, fleas, mites, and lice. Rickettsia spp.
  • Insuficiencia renal, excepto con la doxiciclina debido a su eliminación gastrointestinal

Precauciones

  • Lactancia materna:
    • Está presente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la leche materna en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pequeñas cantidades
    • Evitar los LOS Neisseria cursos prolongados o repetidos.
    • Se acepta el uso a corto plazo
    • Preocupación teórica previa por las manchas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria dientes de los LOS Neisseria lactantes y por la posible deposición ósea que inhibe el crecimiento, pero investigaciones recientes sugieren que esto es poco probable
  • Enfermedad/insuficiencia hepática preexistente: las dosis elevadas pueden provocar toxicidad hepática.
  • Interacciones medicamentosas:
    • Anticonvulsivantes: disminuyen la eficacia de la tetraciclina y alteran los LOS Neisseria niveles de los LOS Neisseria medicamentos anticonvulsivantes
    • Warfarina: ↑ índice internacional normalizado (INR, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
    • Anticonceptivos orales: disminución de la eficacia
  • Advertencia de recuadro negro para la tigeciclina: asociada con ↑ en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mortalidad

Mecanismos de Resistencia

  • Desarrollo de bombas de eflujo mediadas por plásmidos para la eyección activa, limitando la capacidad del medicamento de acumularse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células
  • Disminución de la acumulación intracelular (p. ej., reducción de la captación mediada por porinas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum gramnegativos)
  • Las proteínas de protección ribosomal impiden la unión.
  • Destrucción enzimática

Comparación de Medicamentos

Tabla: Comparación de las tetraciclinas
Medicamento Farmacocinética Indicación Efectos secundarios
Tetraciclina
  • Se absorbe por vía oral
  • Se excreta por los LOS Neisseria riñones y la bilis
  • Infecciones respiratorias
  • Infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos
  • Acné
  • Infecciones por Clostridios
  • ETS
  • Ántrax
  • Infecciones zoonóticas
  • Malestar gastrointestinal
  • Manchas dentales
  • Esofagitis
Doxiciclina
  • Se absorbe por vía oral
  • Se excreta por la bilis/heces
  • Como la tetraciclina, más:
    • Infecciones por espiroquetas
    • Neumonía adquirida en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la comunidad
  • Más eficaz para el acné
  • Malestar gastrointestinal
  • Mayor fotosensibilidad
  • Esofagitis
Minociclina
  • Se absorbe por vía oral
  • Se excreta por los LOS Neisseria riñones y la bilis
 Como la tetraciclina, más:
  • Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis. It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being a, b, c, y, and w-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype. Neisseria
  • Micobacterias atípicas
  • Malestar gastrointestinal
  • Menor fotosensibilidad
  • Manchas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria dientes
  • Pigmentación gris-pizarra de la piel
  • Reacción similar al AL Amyloidosis lupus

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Referencias

  1. Tetracycline pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings. (2019). Drugs.com. Retrieved on October 28, 2025, from https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tetracycline.html 
  2. Tetracycline. (2025). American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved on October 28, 2025, from https://www.drugs.com/monograph/tetracycline.html.
  3. World Health Organization. (2019). World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/325771
  4. Harvery RA, Champe, PC. (2009). Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, 4th ed. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
  5. Moullan N, Mouchiroud L, Wang X, et al. (2015). Tetracyclines disturb mitochondrial function across eukaryotic models: a call for caution in biomedical research. Cell Reports 10:1681–1691. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4565776/
  6. Chatzispyrou IA, Held NM, Mouchiroud L, Auwerx J, Houtkooper RH. (2015). Tetracycline antibiotics impair mitochondrial function and its experimental use confounds research. Cancer Research :4446–4449. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4631686/
  7. Sapadin AN, Fleischmajer R. (2006). Tetracyclines: nonantibiotic properties and their clinical implications. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:258–265. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16443056/
  8. Nelson ML, Levy SB. (2011). The history of the tetracyclines. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1241:17–32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22191524/
  9. Valentín S, Morales A, Sánchez JL, Rivera A. (2009). Safety and efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of rosacea. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol; 2:129-40. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21436975/
  10. Yılmaz Ç, Özcengiz G. (2017). Antibiotics: pharmacokinetics, toxicity, resistance, and multidrug efflux pumps. Biochem Pharmacol 133:43–62. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27765485/
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