Terapia Antineoplásica Dirigida y Otras No Tradicionales

Descripción General

Desarrollo de la terapia del cáncer

• La quimioterapia tradicional afecta tanto a las células cancerosas como a las células normales.
• Actualmente, el uso de nuevos agentes anticancerosos (terapia dirigida) va VA Ventilation: Mechanics of Breathing en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum aumento, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum adición a los LOS Neisseria medicamentos antineoplásicos tradicionales.
  • El desarrollo se basa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria hallazgos de que los LOS Neisseria cambios moleculares en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células impulsan la progresión hacia la malignidad.
  • Los LOS Neisseria medicamentos pueden bloquear las vías oncogénicas con menos efectos citotóxicos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células normales.

Terapia antineoplásica dirigida

• Interfieren con moléculas específicas que se dirigen a vías particulares, lo que afecta el crecimiento y la proliferación de células cancerosas
• Hay diferentes formas de interrumpir las vías; estas incluyen la prevención de la unión del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors, la unión intracelular y la inhibición de las quinasas.
• La mayoría de las terapias disponibles son:
  • Moléculas pequeñas:
    • Compuestos (que pueden ingresar a las células) con dianas intracelulares (e.g., quinasas)
    • La inhibición de las quinasas previene la activación adicional de diferentes vías (como se ve VE Ventilation: Mechanics of Breathing en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria inhibidores de la proteína quinasa)
    • La mayoría de los nombres de medicamentos de los inhibidores de la proteína quinasa terminan con la sílaba “-ib”.
  • Anticuerpos monoclonales:
    • Se utilizan para dianas fuera o sobre la superficie de las células (e.g., receptores de factores de crecimiento o ligandos de receptores)
    • Los LOS Neisseria nombres de los LOS Neisseria anticuerpos monoclonales terminan con la sílaba “-mab”.

Inhibidores de la Proteína Quinasa

Proteína quinasas

• Hay > 500 proteína quinasas diferentes en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el genoma humano:
  • Funcionan añadiendo un grupo fosfato a los LOS Neisseria sustratos proteicos: serina, treonina o tirosina.
  • Después de la fosforilación, la proteína sufre un cambio conformacional (“activa a la proteína”).
  • Las fosfatasas (que eliminan el fosfato) invierten la acción de las quinasas.
• Siguen cascadas de transducción de señales particulares (e.g., BCR-ABL con tirosina como sustrato proteico, RAF con serina/treonina); las actividades de modulación incluyen:
  • Proliferación celular
  • Expresión génica
  • Metabolismo
  • Transporte de membrana
  • Apoptosis Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, I.e., DNA fragmentation. It is genetically-programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Ischemic Cell Damage
• Sin embargo, cuando las quinasas se expresan constitutivamente → oncogénesis, como la que se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vía RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK:
  • Vía de señalización implicada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la proliferación y diferenciación celular
  • Activada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum muchos tipos de cáncer
  • La regulación de la señalización afecta el crecimiento del cáncer.
• Inhibidores de la proteína quinasa:
  • Bloquean la acción de las enzimas proteína quinasa, que a menudo se sobreexpresan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el cáncer.
  • La inhibición de las proteína quinasas es un mecanismo que también se usa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum medicamentos para tratar afecciones inflamatorias.

Inhibidores de la quinasa BCR-ABL

• Translocación del cromosoma Filadelfia t(9;22) → gen de fusión BCR-ABL1
  • La fusión conduce a la activación constitutiva de BCR-ABL → división celular descontrolada → ↑ producción de granulocitos
  • Visto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la leucemia mieloide crónica
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Imatinib Imatinib A tyrosine kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that inhibits the bcr-abl kinase created by chromosome rearrangements in chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as well as pdg-derived tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • 2da generación:
    • Dasatinib Dasatinib A pyrimidine and thiazole derived antineoplastic agent and protein kinase inhibitor of bcr-abl kinase. It is used in the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
    • Nilotinib Nilotinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy

Inhibidores de la quinasa BRAF

• BRAF:
  • Proteína de la familia RAF de las serina/treonina quinasas
  • Tiene un papel importante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mediación de señales de RAS RAS Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the narrowing of one or both renal arteries, usually caused by atherosclerotic disease or by fibromuscular dysplasia. If the stenosis is severe enough, the stenosis causes decreased renal blood flow, which activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and leads to renovascular hypertension (RVH). Renal Artery Stenosis a MEK, lo que lleva a la proliferación
  • Mutaciones → señalización intracelular persistente → malignidad
    • Se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 60% de los LOS Neisseria melanomas y el 15% de los LOS Neisseria cánceres colorrectales
    • Conduce a una mayor supervivencia y movilidad del tumor Tumor Inflammation
• Agentes relacionados (bloquean la actividad de BRAF mutado):
  • Vemurafenib Vemurafenib An indole sulfonamide compound and inhibitor of BRAF kinases that is used for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • Dabrafenib DaBRAFenib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy

Inhibidores de MEK

• Las quinasas extracelulares activadas por mitógenos (MEK, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) son serina-treonina quinasas que participan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vía de la proteína quinasa activada por mitógenos (MAPK, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés).
• MAPK está activada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria melanomas.
• Agentes:
  • Trametinib Trametinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy (1ro en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ser aprobado)
  • Cobimetinib Cobimetinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • Binimetinib
  • Selumetinib

Inhibidores de JAK

• Las quinasas asociadas a Janus (JAK, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) son mediadores de señales entre células, citoquinas y factores de crecimiento en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la hematopoyesis y la respuesta inmune.
  • El receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors interactúa con una citocina o un factor de crecimiento → activa las JAK → fosforilación de tirosina → activa el transductor de señales y los LOS Neisseria activadores de la transcripción (STAT, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
  • Los LOS Neisseria STAT se trasladan al AL Amyloidosis núcleo → transcripción de genes Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. DNA Types and Structure efectores → los LOS Neisseria efectos incluyen proliferación, diferenciación, migración, apoptosis Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, I.e., DNA fragmentation. It is genetically-programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Ischemic Cell Damage y supervivencia celular
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Ruxolitinib Ruxolitinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy (1ro en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum su clase)
  • Agentes con indicaciones no asociadas al AL Amyloidosis cáncer:
    • Baricitinib Baricitinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
    • Tofacitinib (aprobado para afecciones inflamatorias como colitis Colitis Inflammation of the colon section of the large intestine, usually with symptoms such as diarrhea (often with blood and mucus), abdominal pain, and fever. Pseudomembranous Colitis ulcerosa y artritis reumatoide)

Inhibidores de la quinasa dependiente de ciclina (CDK)

• Las quinasas dependientes de ciclina (CDK, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) son proteína quinasas de serina/treonina que median la señalización en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la progresión del ciclo celular (fase G0 G0 Cell Cycle/G1 a S) y, por lo tanto, afectan la proliferación celular.
• El complejo de ciclina D y CDK → fosforila la proteína del gen del retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a rare tumor but the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. It is believed that the condition arises from a neuronal progenitor cell. Retinoblastoma can be heritable or non-heritable. Retinoblastoma (RB1) → los LOS Neisseria procesos conducen a la inducción de genes Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. DNA Types and Structure de la fase S.
• Progresión inadecuada del ciclo celular → oncogénesis
• Clase de medicamentos identificados por las sílabas “-ciclib”
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Palbociclib Palbociclib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • Abemaciclib
  • Ribociclib

Inhibidores de la tirosina quinasa de Bruton (BTK)

• Las tirosina quinasa de Bruton (BTK, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) son importantes para la supervivencia, proliferación, quimiotaxis y adhesión de los LOS Neisseria linfocitos B.
• La inhibición de BTK es un mecanismo utilizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tratamiento de tumores malignos de linfocitos B.
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Ibrutinib Ibrutinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy (1ra generación)
  • Acalabrutinib Acalabrutinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy (2da generación, con mayor selectividad por BTK)

Inhibidores de la quinasa del linfoma anaplásico (ALK)

• La quinasa del linfoma anaplásico (ALK, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) es una tirosina quinasa que se expresa de manera aberrante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ciertos tumores, como el cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas.
• El gen ALK es capaz de formar genes Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. DNA Types and Structure de fusión que se convierten en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum conductores oncogénicos.
  • Gen de fusión ALK-NPM → linfoma anaplásico de células grandes
  • Gen de fusión EML4-ALK → encontrado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum algunos cánceres de pulmón de células no pequeñas
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Crizotinib Crizotinib A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (alk) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (hgfr; c-met). It is used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • Alectinib Alectinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • Ceritinib Ceritinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy

Inhibidores del Receptor del Factor de Crecimiento

Agentes del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)

• EGFR:
  • Parte de la familia de receptores del factor de crecimiento ErbB, con un papel importante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el crecimiento y la diferenciación de las células epiteliales
  • Sobreexpresado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum algunos cánceres
  • El ligando se une al AL Amyloidosis dominio extracelular del EGFR → señalización intracelular (dominio intracelular con tirosina quinasa) mediante fosforilación cruzada que conduce a:
    • Crecimiento celular
    • Angiogénesis
    • Invasión y metástasis
• Anticuerpos monoclonales inhibidores del EGFR:
  • Reconocen el dominio extracelular del EGFR, lo que lleva a:
    • Bloqueo de la unión del ligando
    • Reclutamiento de células inmunitarias, produciendo una respuesta inmune
  • Incluyen:
    • Cetuximab Cetuximab A chimeric monoclonal antibody that functions as an antineoplastic agent through its binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor, where it prevents the binding and signaling action of cell growth and survival factors. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
    • Panitumumab Panitumumab Recombinant human monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits the function of the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is used in the treatment of egfr-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer that expresses wild-type RAS gene. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
• Inhibidores de la proteína tirosina quinasa (TKI, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) del EGFR:
  • Ingresa a las células tumorales, inhibiendo la tirosina quinasa del EGFR
  • Incluyen:
    • Gefitinib Gefitinib A selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) that is used for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
    • Inhibidor de 2da generación: erlotinib Erlotinib A quinazoline derivative and antineoplastic agent that functions as a protein kinase inhibitor for egfr associated tyrosine kinase. It is used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy, afatinib Afatinib A quinazoline and butenamide derivative that acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptors (ErbB receptors) and is used in the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
    • Inhibidor de 3ra generación: osimertinib (para el cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas previamente tratado con un medicamento de una generación anterior y con mutación T790M)

Agentes del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors del factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGFR, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)

• Factor de crecimiento angiogénico
• Importante para los LOS Neisseria tumores, que necesitan estructuras vasculares intactas para crecer.
• Diferentes formas y agentes para inhibir la señalización de VEGFR:
  • Inhibidores directos de la tirosina quinasa del VEGFR o VEGF TKI:
    • Sorafenib Sorafenib A niacinamide and phenylurea derivative that inhibits multiple intracellular and cell surface kinases thought to be involved in angiogenesis, including raf kinases and vegf receptors. It is used in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, and for treatment of thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioactive iodine therapy. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy (inhibidor multiquinasa)
    • Pazopanib (inhibidor multiquinasa)
    • Sunitinib
  • Anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos al AL Amyloidosis ligando VEGF:
    • Bevacizumab Bevacizumab An anti-vegf humanized murine monoclonal antibody. It inhibits vegf receptors and helps to prevent pathologic angiogenesis. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
    • Ramucirumab
  • Trampa del factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) o un receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors soluble hecho de dominios extracelulares de VEGFR (unión del ligando VEGF, por lo tanto ↓ señalización): Ziv-aflibercept Ziv-Aflibercept Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy

Agentes del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano ( HER2 HER2 A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF receptor, the ERBB-3 receptor, and the ERBB-4 receptor. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)

• HER2 HER2 A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF receptor, the ERBB-3 receptor, and the ERBB-4 receptor. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy: también llamado Neu Neu A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF receptor, the ERBB-3 receptor, and the ERBB-4 receptor. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy o ErbB2 ErbB2 A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF receptor, the ERBB-3 receptor, and the ERBB-4 receptor. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
• Sobreexpresión → activación de tirosina quinasa intracelular → señalización oncogénica
• HER2 HER2 A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF receptor, the ERBB-3 receptor, and the ERBB-4 receptor. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy sobreexpresado: visto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum hasta el 30% de los LOS Neisseria cánceres de mama
• Anticuerpos monoclonales contra HER2 HER2 A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF receptor, the ERBB-3 receptor, and the ERBB-4 receptor. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy/ Neu Neu A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of adenocarcinomas. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF receptor, the ERBB-3 receptor, and the ERBB-4 receptor. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy:
  • Trastuzumab Trastuzumab A humanized monoclonal antibody against the ErbB-2 receptor (HER2). As an antineoplastic agent, it is used to treat breast cancer where HER2 is overexpressed. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • Pertuzumab Pertuzumab Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
• TKI: lapatinib Lapatinib A quinazoline derivative that inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2 tyrosine kinases. It is used for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer, where tumors overexpress HER2. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy

Agentes del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors del factor de crecimiento derivado de plaquetas (PDGFR, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)

• Los LOS Neisseria factores de crecimiento derivados de plaquetas (PDGF, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) se unen al AL Amyloidosis receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors y activan las proteína quinasas de receptores.
  • Importante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la supervivencia y proliferación de células mesenquimales
  • Crecimiento del cáncer facilitado por señalización disfuncional y papel en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la angiogénesis
• TKI (agentes con actividad PDGFR):
  • Inhibidores de la quinasa BCR-ABL: imatinib Imatinib A tyrosine kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent that inhibits the bcr-abl kinase created by chromosome rearrangements in chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, as well as pdg-derived tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy, dasatinib Dasatinib A pyrimidine and thiazole derived antineoplastic agent and protein kinase inhibitor of bcr-abl kinase. It is used in the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy, nilotinib Nilotinib Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • Inhibidores de la quinasa VEGFR: sunitinib, sorafenib Sorafenib A niacinamide and phenylurea derivative that inhibits multiple intracellular and cell surface kinases thought to be involved in angiogenesis, including raf kinases and vegf receptors. It is used in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, and for treatment of thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioactive iodine therapy. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
• Anticuerpo monoclonal dirigido a PDGFR: olaratumab
  • Farmacodinamia: se une a PDGFRɑ, bloqueando la activación del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors y la señalización
  • Farmacocinética: intravenoso, con vida media de aproximadamente 11 días
  • Indicación: sarcoma de tejidos blandos
  • Efectos secundarios:
    • Neutropenia Neutropenia Neutrophils are an important component of the immune system and play a significant role in the eradication of infections. Low numbers of circulating neutrophils, referred to as neutropenia, predispose the body to recurrent infections or sepsis, though patients can also be asymptomatic. Neutropenia, trombocitopenia
    • Náuseas, vómitos, diarrea
    • Reacciones relacionadas con la infusión
    • Daño embrionario/fetal
  • Contraindicación: hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis medicamento

Inhibidores de PARP

Poli(ADP-ribosa) polimerasa (PARP)

• Un producto de los LOS Neisseria genes Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. DNA Types and Structure de reparación de daños en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el ADN
• Cataliza la transferencia de ADP-ribosa a las proteínas diana (proceso llamado PARilación)
• Funciones:
  • Importante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la reparación por escisión de bases Bases Usually a hydroxide of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, but also the carbonates of these metals, ammonia, and the amines. Acid-Base Balance y la reparación por escisión de nucleótidos
  • También participa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la transcripción y la regulación del ciclo celular
• Inhibición de PARP → ↓ capacidad de reparación → apoptosis Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, I.e., DNA fragmentation. It is genetically-programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Ischemic Cell Damage de células tumorales y ↑ sensibilidad de las células a otros agentes quimioterapéuticos (e.g., medicamentos alquilantes)

Inhibidores de PARP

• Olaparib
• Rucaparib
• Niraparib

Otras Terapias Dirigidas, Inmunoterapia y Agentes Misceláneos

Inhibidores de BCL2

• La familia de proteínas BCL2 participa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el control de la muerte celular programada ( apoptosis Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, I.e., DNA fragmentation. It is genetically-programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Ischemic Cell Damage).
  • Las proteínas antiapoptóticas tienen los LOS Neisseria dominios BH1 y BH2.
  • Las proteínas proapoptóticas tienen el dominio BH3.
• Cuando se promueven las proteínas antiapoptóticas, aumenta la supervivencia celular, como se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cánceres como la leucemia linfocítica crónica, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria que se sobreexpresa BCL2.
• Agente relacionado: venetoclax Venetoclax Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
  • 1ro en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la clase
  • Mimético de BH3
  • Se dirige a la interacción BCL2 → ↓ efecto inhibitorio sobre las proteínas proapoptóticas → apoptosis Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, I.e., DNA fragmentation. It is genetically-programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Ischemic Cell Damage de las células cancerosas
  • Indicaciones:
    • Leucemia linfocítica crónica
    • Leucemia mieloide aguda

Inhibidores de CD20

• CD20 es un antígeno de superficie celular en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria linfocitos B y se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 90% de las neoplasias de linfocitos B.
• Los LOS Neisseria anticuerpos monoclonales se unen a CD20 e inician la lisis de los LOS Neisseria linfocitos B a través de la citotoxicidad dependiente del complemento y la citotoxicidad mediada por células dependiente de anticuerpos.
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Rituximab Rituximab A murine-derived monoclonal antibody and antineoplastic agent that binds specifically to the cd20 antigen and is used in the treatment of leukemia; lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. Immunosuppressants
  • Ofatumumab
  • Obinutuzumab
• Indicaciones:
  • Leucemia linfocítica crónica
  • Linfoma no Hodgkin

Inhibidores de la vía Hedgehog

• La vía Hedgehog está implicada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el crecimiento y diferenciación celular.
• Las mutaciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria componentes de la vía están asociadas con el carcinoma de células basales (proliferación descontrolada de células basales en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la piel).
• Los LOS Neisseria agentes inhibidores generalmente se unen a un componente proteico e inhiben la transducción de señales Hedgehog.
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Vismodegib Vismodegib Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
  • Sonidegib
  • Glasdegib
• Indicación: carcinoma basocelular
• Efectos secundarios: defectos congénitos, toxicidad dermatológica

Inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario

• Los LOS Neisseria puntos de control inmunitario normalmente están presentes para evitar que el sistema inmunitario (e.g., linfocitos T) dañe las células normales.
• Con los LOS Neisseria puntos de control presentes, las células tumorales evaden la inmunovigilancia.
• Estos medicamento permiten la proliferación y activación de los LOS Neisseria linfocitos T efectores al AL Amyloidosis inhibir los LOS Neisseria puntos de control inmunitario:
  • Actividad de muerte celular programada 1 ( PD-1 PD-1 An inhibitory t-lymphocyte receptor that has specificity for CD274 antigen and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 protein. Signaling by the receptor limits T cell proliferation and interferon gamma synthesis. The receptor also may play an essential role in the regulatory pathway that induces peripheral tolerance. T cells: Types and Functions, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
  • Antígeno 4 de linfocitos T citotóxicos (CTLA4, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Anticuerpo anti-CTLA4:
    • Ipilimumab
    • Tremelimumab
  • Anticuerpo anti-PD-1: nivolumab Nivolumab A genetically engineered, fully humanized immunoglobulin g4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the pd-1 receptor, activating an immune response to tumor cells. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab for the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. It is also used in the treatment of advanced or recurring non-small cell lung cancer; renal cell carcinoma; and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Melanoma
• Indicaciones:
  • Cáncer colorrectal
  • Carcinoma hepatocelular
  • Mesotelioma pleural maligno
  • Melanoma Melanoma Melanoma is a malignant tumor arising from melanocytes, the melanin-producing cells of the epidermis. These tumors are most common in fair-skinned individuals with a history of excessive sun exposure and sunburns. Melanoma
  • Cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas
  • Carcinoma de células renales
  • El nivolumab Nivolumab A genetically engineered, fully humanized immunoglobulin g4 monoclonal antibody that binds to the pd-1 receptor, activating an immune response to tumor cells. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab for the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma. It is also used in the treatment of advanced or recurring non-small cell lung cancer; renal cell carcinoma; and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Melanoma también se usa para el carcinoma urotelial, el linfoma de Hodgkin y el cáncer gástrico.
• Efectos secundarios: efectos relacionados con el sistema inmunitario (e.g., nefritis, neumonitis)

Inhibidores de mTOR mTOR Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

• La vía de señalización de mTOR mTOR Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome participa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la regulación del crecimiento celular, el metabolismo y la diferenciación de células inmunitarias.
  • La vía está anormalmente activada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum algunos tumores.
  • Los LOS Neisseria agentes inhiben la actividad de la serina/treonina quinasa mTOR mTOR Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome.
  • La inhibición conduce a la detención del ciclo celular, disminuyendo la proliferación.
  • Los LOS Neisseria agentes también tienen efectos antiangiogénicos.
• Agentes relacionados (análogos de la rapamicina (rapálogos)) e indicaciones:
  • Everolimus Everolimus A derivative of sirolimus and an inhibitor of tor serine-threonine kinases. It is used to prevent graft rejection in heart and kidney transplant patients by blocking cell proliferation signals. It is also an antineoplastic agent. Immunosuppressants:
    • Carcinoma de células renales
    • Prevención del rechazo de trasplantes
    • Convulsiones de inicio parcial asociadas al AL Amyloidosis complejo de esclerosis tuberosa, angiomiolipoma renal y astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes
    • Tumores neuroendocrinos
    • Cáncer de mama
  • Temsirolimus Temsirolimus Immunosuppressants: carcinoma de células renales
  • Sirolimus Sirolimus A macrolide compound obtained from streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to immunophilins. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties. Immunosuppressants:
    • Linfangioleiomiomatosis
    • Prevención del rechazo de trasplantes
• Efectos secundarios:
  • Infecciones graves
  • Toxicidad pulmonar
  • Angioedema Angioedema Angioedema is a localized, self-limited (but potentially life-threatening), nonpitting, asymmetrical edema occurring in the deep layers of the skin and mucosal tissue. The common underlying pathophysiology involves inflammatory mediators triggering significant vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. Angioedema
  • ↑ Lípidos
  • Neoplasia maligna secundaria

Inhibidores del proteasoma

• Los LOS Neisseria proteasomas son complejos que descomponen las proteínas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum péptidos.
  • Generalmente afectan diferentes vías de señalización
  • Un efecto importante que conduce a la actividad antineoplásica implica el factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) (unido a IκB).
  • Bajo estrés celular, el NF-κB ingresa al AL Amyloidosis núcleo para activar los LOS Neisseria genes Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. DNA Types and Structure necesarios para la supervivencia celular
  • Los LOS Neisseria proteosomas degradan IκB para liberar NF-κB.
  • Con la inhibición de los LOS Neisseria proteosomas, aumenta la apoptosis Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, I.e., DNA fragmentation. It is genetically-programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Ischemic Cell Damage y disminuye la supervivencia de las células cancerosas.
• Agentes relacionados:
  • Bortezomib Bortezomib A pyrazine and boronic acid derivative that functions as a reversible proteasome inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy
  • Carfilzomib
  • Ixazomib
• Indicaciones:
  • Mieloma múltiple
  • Bortezomib Bortezomib A pyrazine and boronic acid derivative that functions as a reversible proteasome inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Targeted and Other Nontraditional Antineoplastic Therapy también se usa para el linfoma de células del manto.
• Efectos secundarios:
  • Cardiotoxicidad
  • Mielosupresión
  • Hepatotoxicidad
  • Neuropatía
  • Microangiopatía trombótica
  • Síndrome de lisis tumoral

Talidomida y lenalidomida

• La talidomida se retiró originalmente debido a teratogenicidad y dismelia.
• Se encontró que tiene actividad inmunomoduladora (↓ factor de necrosis Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. Ischemic Cell Damage tumoral ɑ, ↑ células asesinas naturales e interleucina-2) y efectos antiangiogénicos
• Agentes e indicaciones relacionados:
  • Talidomida:
    • Mieloma múltiple
    • Eritema nodoso leproso
  • Lenalidomida:
    • Linfoma folicular
    • Linfoma de células del manto
    • Linfoma de la zona marginal
    • Mieloma múltiple
    • Síndrome mielodisplásico

L-asparaginasa

• Las células leucémicas requieren asparagina exógena para crecer.
• La L-asparaginasa, una enzima, agota la asparagina sérica (desamidación de la asparagina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ácido aspártico y amoníaco).
• Indicación: leucemia linfocítica aguda
• Efectos secundarios:
  • Hepatotoxicidad
  • Hemorragia
  • ↑ Glucosa
  • ↑ Lípidos

Comparación de Agentes No Tradicionales