Virus de Lassa

Clasificación

Características Generales

Características básicas

• Envuelto
• Esférico
• Agente de tamaño mediano, que mide entre 70–150 nm de diámetro
• 2 glicoproteínas de superficie viral en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la envoltura: G1 y G2
• Genoma del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology:
  • Encapsulado por una nucleocápside helicoidal
  • ARN de sentido negativo, monocatenario, segmentado, compuesto de:
    • Fragmento grande (L): codifica la ARN polimerasa dependiente de ARN
    • Fragmento pequeño (S): codifica las proteínas estructurales virales
• Taxonomía:
  • Familia Arenaviridae Arenaviridae A family of RNA viruses naturally infecting rodents and consisting of one genus (arenavirus) with two groups: old world arenaviruses and new world arenaviruses. Infection in rodents is persistent and silent. Vertical transmission is through milk-, saliva-, or urine-borne routes. Horizontal transmission to humans, monkeys, and other animals is important. Lassa Virus
  • Género Mammarenavirus Mammarenavirus Lassa Virus
  • Los virus contienen ribosomas del hospedador, lo que le da al virus una apariencia granular (arenosus en latín significa “arenoso”).
  • Otros arenavirus incluyen:
    • Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la coriomeningitis linfocítica
    • Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology Junín (fiebre hemorrágica argentina)
    • Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology Machupo (fiebre hemorrágica boliviana)
    • Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de Guanarito (fiebre hemorrágica venezolana)
    • Sabia (fiebre hemorrágica brasileña)
    • Chapare (fiebre hemorrágica del Chapare)
    • Lujo (Fiebre hemorrágica de Lujo)

Epidemiología

• Endémica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum África Occidental:
  • Guinea
  • Liberia
  • Sierra Leona
  • Nigeria
  • Benin
  • Ghana
  • Mali
• Mayor incidencia en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum marzo, cuando las estaciones pasan de secas a húmedas
• Morbilidad y mortalidad:
  • 300 000 casos estimados por año
  • 5 000 muertes al AL Amyloidosis año
  • Tasa global de letalidad: 1%

Patogénesis

Reservorio y transmisión

• Reservorio:
  • Rata multimamada ( Mastomys natalensis Mastomys natalensis Lassa Virus)
  • La infestación de roedores Mastomys se ve VE Ventilation: Mechanics of Breathing comúnmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum hogares construidos con materiales que permiten la construcción de madrigueras de roedores, como el barro.
• Transmisión:
  • Contacto con roedor(es):
    • Contacto directo con orina o heces de ratas infectadas
    • Inhalación de excreciones aerosolizadas de roedores
    • Consumo de roedores infectados
  • Transmisión de persona a persona:
    • Contacto directo con sangre, orina, heces u otras secreciones corporales de una persona infectada
    • La eliminación del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la orina puede durar hasta 9 semanas
    • Transmisión sexual: la liberación viral en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el semen ocurre hasta por 3 meses

Factores de riesgo del huésped

• Habitantes y visitantes de regiones endémicas
• Personal de hospital (requieren medidas de protección y métodos de esterilización adecuados)

Entrada viral y proceso de la enfermedad

• Entrada a través de la mucosa nasofaríngea y el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de Lassa se dirige a las células presentadoras de antígenos:
  • Células dendríticas
  • Macrófagos
  • Monocitos
• Los LOS Neisseria virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de Lassa se adhieren principalmente a las células por la unión G1 que se une al AL Amyloidosis receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors celular α-distroglicano (α-DG).
• La partícula viral ingresa a la célula (endocitosis) y luego es envuelta por un endosoma.
• Se produce un reordenamiento del complejo de glicoproteína de la envoltura viral ( en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pH pH The quantitative measurement of the acidity or basicity of a solution. Acid-Base Balance bajo), lo que conduce a la fusión mediada por G2 de la partícula con la membrana de la vesícula.
• Esto posteriormente libera el genoma viral en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el citoplasma para su replicación y transcripción.
• La maduración de las nuevas partículas virales se origina al AL Amyloidosis gemar de la membrana de la célula huésped.
• El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology se propaga a los LOS Neisseria ganglios linfáticos y sigue la diseminación a otros tejidos.
• Los LOS Neisseria macrófagos y las células dendríticas liberan mediadores que causan disfunción endotelial, alteración de la hemostasia y reducción de la agregación plaquetaria, lo que conduce a:
  • Necrosis Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. Ischemic Cell Damage hepática y/o esplénica.
  • Edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema alveolar
  • Miocarditis
  • Hemorragia gastrointestinal

Presentación Clínica

Fiebre de Lassa

• Periodo de incubación: 6–21 días
• Aproximadamente el 80% de las personas que se infectan tienen síntomas leves:
  • Fiebre leve
  • Malestar
  • Cefalea
  • Mejoría en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 8–10 días
• Aproximadamente el 20% de las infecciones evolucionan para desarrollar:
  • Tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, dolor Dolor Inflammation de garganta, conjuntivitis
  • Dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal, náuseas, vómitos
  • Dolor Dolor Inflammation torácico
  • Afecciones graves potencialmente mortales:
    • Inflamación facial
    • Derrame pleural, edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar
    • Miocarditis
    • Hemorragia de la boca, nariz, vagina Vagina The vagina is the female genital canal, extending from the vulva externally to the cervix uteri internally. The structures have sexual, reproductive, and urinary functions and a rich blood supply, mainly arising from the internal iliac artery. Vagina, Vulva, and Pelvic Floor: Anatomy o tracto gastrointestinal
    • Hipotensión
    • Insuficiencia renal
    • Shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock
    • Convulsiones, temblores, desorientación y coma Coma Coma is defined as a deep state of unarousable unresponsiveness, characterized by a score of 3 points on the GCS. A comatose state can be caused by a multitude of conditions, making the precise epidemiology and prognosis of coma difficult to determine. Coma

Complicaciones y mortalidad

• Sordera (complicación más común) ocurre hasta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 30% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes, y cerca del 20% desarrolla pérdida auditiva permanente
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum su presentación mortal, la muerte suele ocurrir dentro de las 2 semanas posteriores al AL Amyloidosis inicio de los LOS Neisseria síntomas.
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el embarazo:
  • Curso generalmente severo
  • Pérdida fetal (> 60%) y muerte materna en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mayoría de las infecciones que ocurren en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 3er trimestre
  • “Síndrome del bebé edematizado”:
    • Distensión abdominal, anasarca Anasarca Hookworm Infections, sangrado
    • Bebés nacidos de madres infectadas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 3er trimestre
• Incluso después de la recuperación, la liberación viral puede persistir hasta por 3 meses.

Diagnóstico y Tratamiento

Pruebas

• Diagnóstico:
  • Ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas ( ELISA ELISA An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés): detecta antígenos, anticuerpos IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions e IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
  • RT-PCR RT-PCR A variation of the pcr technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard pcr protocols. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
  • Cultivo: realizado solo en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum laboratorios de alta contención
• Otros hallazgos de laboratorio:
  • Hemograma:
    • Leucopenia
    • Trombocitopenia
  • Transaminasas y amilasas elevadas
  • Estudios de coagulación suelen ser normales
  • Anormalidad de la función renal (asociada con un aumento de la mortalidad)

Tratamiento

• Ribavirina:
  • Preferiblemente por vía intravenosa a la preparación oral, pero se puede administrar la forma oral si no se dispone de una vía intravenosa
  • Se ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia demostrado que mejora los LOS Neisseria resultados del tratamiento cuando se administra al AL Amyloidosis principio del curso de la enfermedad
• Terapia de soporte:
  • Líquidos intravenosos (tome precauciones para evitar una sobrecarga)
  • Soporte respiratorio (oxigenación)
  • Transfusiones de sangre según se indique

Prevención

• Actualmente no hay vacunas efectivas
• Evitar roedores
• Aislamiento de pacientes
• Uso del equipo de protección personal en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum entornos hospitalarios o de atención al AL Amyloidosis paciente
• El cuerpo del paciente fallecido debe manipularse correctamente (bolsa para cadáveres sellada y enterrada por personal capacitado).
• Para reducir el riesgo de transmisión sexual, espere 3 meses (después de la resolución) antes de tener relaciones sexuales con una persona infectada.
• Profilaxis posterior a la exposición:
  • Ribavirina
  • Vigilancia cercana

Comparación de Arenavirus

Los LOS Neisseria arenavirus pueden causar fiebres hemorrágicas ( virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de Lassa) y/o enfermedad neurológica ( virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la coriomeningitis linfocítica).

Diagnóstico Diferencial

Otras fiebres hemorrágicas virales:

• Ébola: fiebre hemorrágica altamente contagiosa y potencialmente letal causada por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology del Ébola ( Filoviridae Filoviridae A family of RNA viruses, of the order mononegavirales, containing filamentous virions. Although they resemble rhabdoviridae in possessing helical nucleocapsids, filoviridae differ in the length and degree of branching in their virions. There are two genera: ebolavirus and marburgvirus. Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus). El ébola tiene regiones endémicas y una presentación similar a las del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology Lassa. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes presentan síntomas de fiebre, malestar general, náuseas, vómitos y dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal. Estos síntomas pueden progresar a hemorragia, insuficiencia multiorgánica y shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), serología y microscopía electrónica de tejido o sangre. El tratamiento es de soporte.
• Fiebre hemorrágica del dengue: enfermedad febril aguda causada por el virus del dengue (Flaviviridae). El virus es transmitido por mosquitos Aedes aegypti. La mayoría de las infecciones son asintomáticas. Los individuos sintomáticos pueden progresar a través de diferentes fases, con manifestaciones graves en aquellos con infecciones previas. La enfermedad se presenta con fiebre alta, cefalea y dolor retroorbitario, mialgias y artralgias (dolor “quebrantahuesos”) y erupción macular o maculopapular Maculopapular Dermatologic Examination. Puede progresar a hemorragia y shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante serología, pruebas de antígenos o PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). El tratamiento es de soporte.
• Fiebre amarilla: causada por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la fiebre amarilla ( Flaviviridae Flaviviridae A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera flavivirus; pestivirus; and hepacivirus, as well as several unassigned species. Hepatitis C Virus). Los LOS Neisseria seres humanos y los LOS Neisseria primates sirven como reservorios y la transmisión se produce por la picadura de un mosquito hembra infectado. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes presentan fiebre y síntomas similares a los LOS Neisseria de la gripe en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mayoría de los LOS Neisseria casos. La enfermedad grave puede causar disfunción multiorgánica, lo que da como resultado ictericia, disfunción renal, hemorragia, shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock y posible muerte. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante serología y PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). No existe un tratamiento antiviral Antiviral Antivirals for Hepatitis B, por lo que el tratamiento es de soporte. La prevención incluye evitar los LOS Neisseria mosquitos y la vacunación.
• Fiebre hemorrágica de Crimea-Congo (FCHF): enfermedad zoonótica causada por un virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology ( Bunyaviridae Bunyaviridae A family of viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of a single strand of RNA. Virions are enveloped particles 90-120 nm diameter. The complete family contains over 300 members arranged in five genera: orthobunyavirus; hantavirus; nairovirus; phlebovirus; and tospovirus. Bunyavirales) transmitido por garrapatas. Los LOS Neisseria síntomas y signos incluyen fiebre, mialgias, dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal, náuseas y vómitos. La mayoría de los LOS Neisseria pacientes se recuperan de esta enfermedad después de una semana, pero puede progresar a hemorragia, shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock e insuficiencia multiorgánica. El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology es endémico en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum partes de África, Oriente Medio, Asia ASIA Spinal Cord Injuries y el sureste de Europa. El diagnóstico se establece mediante RT-PCR RT-PCR A variation of the pcr technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard pcr protocols. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) o serología.
• Hantavirus Hantavirus A genus of the family bunyaviridae causing hantavirus infections, first identified during the korean war. Infection is found primarily in rodents and humans. Transmission does not appear to involve arthropods. Hantaan virus is the type species. Bunyavirales: causa fiebre hemorrágica con síndrome renal. El hantavirus Hantavirus A genus of the family bunyaviridae causing hantavirus infections, first identified during the korean war. Infection is found primarily in rodents and humans. Transmission does not appear to involve arthropods. Hantaan virus is the type species. Bunyavirales ( Bunyaviridae Bunyaviridae A family of viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of a single strand of RNA. Virions are enveloped particles 90-120 nm diameter. The complete family contains over 300 members arranged in five genera: orthobunyavirus; hantavirus; nairovirus; phlebovirus; and tospovirus. Bunyavirales) es transmitido por roedores (inhalación, contacto directo o ingestión de excreciones de roedores). Los LOS Neisseria casos se reportan a nivel mundial (América, Europa, Asia ASIA Spinal Cord Injuries, África). Las infecciones pueden causar síntomas pulmonares, hemorragia y daño renal por lesión del endotelio vascular. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante RT-PCR RT-PCR A variation of the pcr technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard pcr protocols. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) y serología. El tratamiento es de soporte.

Condiciones causadas por otros patógenos no virales:

• Malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria: enfermedad infecciosa transmitida por mosquitos causada por especies de Plasmodium Plasmodium A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are plasmodium falciparum; plasmodium malariae; plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium vivax. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: plasmodium berghei; plasmodium chabaudi; p. Vinckei, and plasmodium yoelii in rodents; p. Brasilianum, plasmodium cynomolgi; and plasmodium knowlesi in monkeys; and plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens. Antimalarial Drugs. La malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria a menudo se presenta con fiebre, escalofríos, diaforesis, ictericia, dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal, anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types hemolítica, hepatoesplenomegalia e insuficiencia renal. Se debe sospechar malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum personas con presentación típica y con residencia o viaje a áreas endémicas (generalmente, áreas tropicales). El diagnóstico se realiza mediante frotis de sangre. También se pueden realizar pruebas rápidas de antígenos de Plasmodium Plasmodium A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are plasmodium falciparum; plasmodium malariae; plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium vivax. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: plasmodium berghei; plasmodium chabaudi; p. Vinckei, and plasmodium yoelii in rodents; p. Brasilianum, plasmodium cynomolgi; and plasmodium knowlesi in monkeys; and plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens. Antimalarial Drugs. El tratamiento requiere un ciclo prolongado de múltiples fármacos antipalúdicos.
• Leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospira is a spiral or question mark-shaped, gram-negative spirochete with hook-shaped ends. The major clinical species is Leptospira interrogans, which causes a mild flu-like illness in a majority of cases. The manifestations are biphasic, with Leptospira found in the blood initially. Leptospira/Leptospirosis: enfermedad causada por Leptospira interrogans Leptospira interrogans A genus of question mark-shaped bacteria spirochetes which is found in freshwater that is contaminated by animal urine. It causes leptospirosis. Leptospira/Leptospirosis . Las bacterias que se desprenden de la orina de roedores y otros animales pueden transmitirse a los LOS Neisseria humanos a través del agua contaminada. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes se presentan con una enfermedad leve, similar a la gripe en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mayoría de los LOS Neisseria casos y las manifestaciones son bifásicas. En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum aproximadamente el 10% de las infecciones se desarrolla leptospirosis Leptospirosis Leptospira is a spiral or question mark-shaped, gram-negative spirochete with hook-shaped ends. The major clinical species is Leptospira interrogans, which causes a mild flu-like illness in a majority of cases. The manifestations are biphasic, with Leptospira found in the blood initially. Leptospira/Leptospirosis icterohemorrágica, que se manifiesta como hemorragia, insuficiencia renal e ictericia. El cultivo bacteriano lleva semanas, por lo que se utilizan otras pruebas de diagnóstico, como la serología y la microscopía de campo oscuro. El tratamiento es principalmente con penicilina.