Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns, and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is fundamental to public health, and its main aim is to identify risk factors for diseases and targets for preventive healthcare.

Biostatistics is the application of statistical methods and principles to biological and medical data. It’s used to summarize, describe, and analyze data to uncover patterns and relationships, aiding in decision-making and predictions. In medicine and public health, biostatistics plays a crucial role in the design of experiments and clinical trials, interpretation of data, and the understanding of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that affect health and disease.

Social epidemiology is a subcategory within the field of epidemiology. It specifically examines the social determinants of health, e.g. income, education, and social class.

Descriptive epidemiology describes the frequency and pattern of a disease in a population, examining factors like which ages, genders, races are affected, and time and location of a disease occurence. This helps to identify patterns and potential causes of a disease.

Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease in a specific time frame in a population. It gives information about the risk of developing the disease and the rate at which new cases occur.

Prevalence describes the total number of cases, both new and existing, in a population at a specific point in time or during a specific period.

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