Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that arises from genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, with influence from environmental factors. Almost all cases of CRC are adenocarcinoma, and the majority of lesions come from the malignant transformation of an adenomatous polyp. Since most CRC cases are asymptomatic, screening colonoscopy or stool tests are generally recommended in patients ≥ 50 years of age. Along with screening, diagnosis is reached by colonoscopy, which allows visualization as well as tissue sampling. Treatment is primarily surgical, with chemotherapy reserved for advanced disease.