El Bebé Febril

Descripción General

Definición de fiebre

• ≤ 56 días de edad, cualquier temperatura ≥ 38°C (100,4°F)
• > 56 días de edad, cualquier temperatura ≥ 38,5°C (101,3°F)
• Bebés con un estado inmunodeprimido subyacente:
  • ≥ 38,5°C una vez
  • ≥ 38,0°C 3 veces en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un periodo de 24 horas, con 1 hora de diferencia

Etiología

• Infecciosa:
  • Viral
  • Bacteriana
• No infecciosa:
  • Malignidad
  • Enfermedad reumática
  • Reacción a medicamentos

Enfoque sistemático para determinar la causa de la fiebre

• Antecedentes clínicos y examen físico completo, buscando focos infecciosos
• Examen de laboratorio: pruebas de laboratorio y diagnóstico por imagen, según los LOS Neisseria signos y síntomas que se presenten.

Cuándo admitir la atención hospitalaria

• Signos de inestabilidad clínica:
  • Disminución del nivel de consciencia
  • Signos de shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock hipovolémico
  • Signos de dificultad respiratoria
• Bebés de alto riesgo:
  • Inmunosuprimido
  • Bebés con una enfermedad crónica
• Bebé que requiere atención hospitalaria:
  • Múltiples exámenes físicos repetidos debido a la inestabilidad de la condición
  • La elección del tratamiento empírico requiere medicación intravenosa o hidratación.
  • Necesidad de oxígeno suplementario

Lactante Menor

Descripción general

• 29 a 60 días de edad
• Prevalencia de infecciones bacterianas graves (IBG): 6%–10% (con mayor frecuencia infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU))

Diagnóstico y manejo

• Laboratorios:
  • Análisis de orina
  • Cultivo de orina
  • Biometría hemática
  • Cultivo de sangre
  • +/– proteína C reactiva ( PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR))
  • +/– Procalcitonina
  • PL (punción lumbar) debe realizarse si:
    • Es nacido prematuro (< 37 semanas de gestación)
    • Estadía prolongada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la UCIN
    • Antecedentes de problemas médicos crónicos
    • Ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia recibido antibióticos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las últimas 72 horas.
    • Parece enfermo, deprimido o inconsolable.
    • Infecciones visibles en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la inspección
    • Leucocitos < 5.000 o > 15.000
    • Relación banda-neutrófilos (bandas/bandas + neutrófilos) > 0,2
    • La radiografía de tórax (si se obtiene) muestra infiltrado.
  • La prueba de PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) del VHS está indicada para todos con:
    • Pleocitosis o glóbulos rojos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el LCR
    • Mala apariencia
    • Estado neurológico anormal, incluidas convulsiones
    • Vesículas, ampollas, erupción
    • Evidencia de hepatitis por laboratorio
    • Antecedentes de infección materna primaria por VHS durante el parto
• Si el bebé parece estar bien y todos los LOS Neisseria análisis de laboratorio son normales, dé de alta y realice un seguimiento en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 12–24 horas.
• Resultados de laboratorio anormales:
  • Admisión
  • PL si cumple con los LOS Neisseria criterios
  • Administración empírica de antibióticos:
    • Ceftriaxona o cefotaxima (cefalosporina de tercera generación)
  • Si el análisis de orina es positivo y el LCR es claro, dar de alta con antibióticos orales

Niños de 3 Meses a 3 Años de Edad

Nota: Este enfoque es apropiado para niños que no sean inmunodeprimidos. Existen pautas específicas de fiebre pediátrica para niños con:

• Procesos oncológicos
• Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types drepanocítica
• Dispositivos médicos permanentes (e.g., vías centrales, derivaciones ventriculoperitoneales, catéteres urinarios)

Las infecciones virales son la causa más común de fiebre en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum este grupo de edad.

El grado y el enfoque de las pruebas empíricas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum este grupo de edad depende de:

• Antecedentes de la enfermedad actual
• Examen físico
• Apariencia clínica del niño

Los LOS Neisseria niños con buena apariencia y exámenes sin complicaciones pueden ser dados de alta sin pruebas de laboratorio y sin antibióticos. Las pruebas de rutina no son necesarias en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un niño vacunado previamente sano.

• No se recomienda el uso rutinario de biometría hemática ni de hemocultivo.
• Para la bronquiolitis y la fiebre, no está indicado el uso rutinario de cultivos de orina y de sangre.

Las pruebas de secreciones nasales en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum busca de una etiología viral, como el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology respiratorio sincitial (VRS) o la influenza A Influenza A Antivirals for Influenza o B, pueden ser útiles en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un niño con síntomas respiratorios.

En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el caso de los LOS Neisseria niños con mal aspecto, se debe realizar un estudio completo de la sepsis Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by hypotension despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called septic shock. Sepsis and Septic Shock con hospitalización.

Patógenos Infecciosos del Recién Nacido

Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus del grupo B

• Diplococos gram-positivos
• Coloniza habitualmente los LOS Neisseria tractos gastrointestinal y genitourinario: Proporciona una ruta de transmisión de la madre colonizada al AL Amyloidosis neonato.
• La infección neonatal se puede clasificar según la edad de aparición:
  • Inicio temprano: normalmente desde el nacimiento hasta las 24 horas de vida, pero puede llegar hasta los LOS Neisseria 6 días de vida
  • Inicio tardío: 7–89 días de vida
  • Inicio muy tardío: > 3 meses
• Presentación clínica:
  • Inicio temprano:
    • Sepsis Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by hypotension despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called septic shock. Sepsis and Septic Shock (80% de los LOS Neisseria casos): fiebre o hipotermia, hipotonía, aumento de la irritabilidad
    • Neumonía (10% de los LOS Neisseria casos): fiebre o hipotermia, dificultad para respirar, aumento del trabajo respiratorio, ruidos pulmonares desiguales, desaturaciones persistentes
    • Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis (10% de los LOS Neisseria casos): fiebre o hipotermia, aumento o disminución del tono, aumento de la irritabilidad, mala alimentación
  • Inicio tardío:
    • Bacteremia Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion. Glycopeptides (60% de los LOS Neisseria casos): fiebre, irritabilidad, letargo, taquipnea y apnea
    • Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis (30% de los LOS Neisseria casos): inestabilidad de térmica, irritabilidad, letargo, mala alimentación o vómitos, fontanela abultada, rigidez de nuca, hallazgos neurológicos focales y convulsiones
    • Infección de huesos y articulaciones (5% de los LOS Neisseria casos): Puede no haber fiebre; puede ser incapaz de soportar peso o puede estar completamente activo o tener un rango completo de movimiento pasivo de la articulación afectada.
    • Infección de tejidos blandos (5% de los LOS Neisseria casos): fiebre, dolor Dolor Inflammation a la palpación, eritema, secreción purulenta
  • Inicio muy tardío:
    • Bacteremia Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion. Glycopeptides sin foco: fiebre, malestar, tono bajo
    • Otras infecciones focales observadas, pero raras
• Diagnóstico:
  • Basado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum apariencia clínica y presencia de factores de riesgo
  • Pruebas de laboratorio:
    • Hemograna
    • Hemocultivo
    • PL si hay signos de sepsis Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by hypotension despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called septic shock. Sepsis and Septic Shock o meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis o si el bebé tiene < 28 días
    • Radiografía de tórax si hay síntomas respiratorios
    • Urocultivo
• Tratamiento: terapia antimicrobiana
  • Terapia empírica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum todos los LOS Neisseria bebés en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria que se sospecha sepsis Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by hypotension despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called septic shock. Sepsis and Septic Shock, generalmente con ampicilina y gentamicina inicialmente (+ cefotaxima si se sospecha meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis), luego se reduce según la sensibilidad de las bacterias
  • Cuidados de soporte
  • Soporte respiratorio, si fuera necesario

Infecciones por TORCH

TORCH es un acrónimo de los LOS Neisseria patógenos causantes de un grupo de infecciones congénitas particularmente devastadoras:

• Toxoplasmosis
• Otros
• Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la Rubéola
• Citomegalovirus
• Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology del Herpes simple

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis

• Causado por el protozoario Toxoplasma Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis gondii:
  • Parásito ubicuo que infecta a animales y humanos
  • Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum gatos y se transmite a través del contacto con las heces o al AL Amyloidosis ser arañado por un gato.
  • En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos inmunocompetentes, la infección es asintomática.
• Transmitida por vía transplacentaria de la madre infectada al AL Amyloidosis feto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum desarrollo
• Presentación clínica:
  • Coriorretinitis
  • Hidrocefalia
  • Calcificaciones intracraneales
  • Hallazgos anormales de LCR
  • Ictericia
  • Trombocitopenia
  • Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types
  • Fiebre
  • Microcefalia
• Diagnóstico:
  • A quién evaluar:
    • Hijos de madres con evidencia de infección primaria por T. gondii durante el embarazo
    • Hijos de madres inmunodeprimidas que también tienen evidencia serológica de infección por T.gondii
    • Lactantes con presentación clínica compatible con la infección por T. gondii
    • Lactantes con prueba de detección positiva para Toxoplasma Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions
  • Pruebas:
    • PL: El LCR a menudo tiene proteínas elevadas y puede enviarse para una prueba de PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
    • Las neuroimágenes (prenatales y posnatales) pueden revelar calcificaciones intracraneales, ventriculomegalia o hidrocefalia.
    • Serología para IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis de Toxoplasma Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis, IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions e IgA IgA Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory iga is the main immunoglobulin in secretions. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions específicas de Toxoplasma Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis
• Tratamiento:
  • A quién tratar:
    • Lactantes diagnosticados prenatalmente
    • Lactantes sintomáticos
  • Farmacoterapia con antiparasitarios:
    • Pirimetamina
    • Sulfadiazina
    • Ácido folínico

Otros (sífilis, varicela-zóster, parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19)

La sífilis es causada por Treponema pallidum Treponema pallidum The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws. Treponema.

• Transmitida por contacto con la madre infectada durante el embarazo o el parto
• Presentación clínica:
  • Secreción nasal con sangre (llamada “resoplidos”)
  • Hepatoesplenomegalia/ictericia/↑ enzimas hepáticas
  • Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types hemolítica/trombocitopenia
  • Erupción en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum palmas y plantas
  • Ceguera por coriorretinitis
• Diagnóstico:
  • Prueba primaria: reagina plasmática rápida y prueba de enfermedades venéreas de laboratorios de investigación ( VDRL VDRL Treponema, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
  • Prueba de confirmación: inmovilización de T. pallidum, absorción de anticuerpos treponémicos fluorescentes (FTA-ABS) y aglutinación de partículas de T. pallidum
• Tratamiento: penicilina G

La varicela es causada por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology varicela-zóster, también conocido como varicela.

• Presentación clínica:
  • Cicatrices cutáneas
  • Atrofia de extremidades
  • Vejiga neurogénica/hidronefrosis
  • Manifestaciones del SNC: microcefalia/atrofia cortical/convulsiones/retraso mental
  • Enfermedad ocular: microftalmia/cataratas/coriorretinitis
• Diagnóstico:
  • El diagnóstico clínico se basa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la aparición de lesiones cutáneas.
  • Prueba de anticuerpos fluorescentes de dirección o PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) de líquido extraído de ampollas o LCR
  • Serología para inmunoglobulinas
• Tratamiento: aciclovir

La infección por parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19 durante el segundo trimestre puede asociarse con hidropesía fetal o pérdida fetal.

• Presentación clínica:
  • Hidropesía fetal
  • Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types
  • La mayoría de las infecciones intrauterinas no provocan defectos del desarrollo fetal.
• Diagnóstico: ensayos serológicos de IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis e IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions frente al AL Amyloidosis parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19
• Tratamiento: cuidados de apoyo

Rubéola

• Causada por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la rubéola
• Transmitida por vía transplacentaria
• Presentación clínica:
  • Generalmente asintomática al AL Amyloidosis nacer.
  • El síndrome de la rubéola congénita se asocia con 4 anomalías comunes:
    • Sordera (60%–70% de los LOS Neisseria fetos)
    • Anormalidades del SNC (10%–25%)
    • Defectos oculares como cataratas (10%–30%)
    • Malformaciones cardiacas (10%–20%)
  • Restricción de crecimiento
  • Hepatoesplenomegalia
  • La hematopoyesis extramedular da como resultado una apariencia de “muffin de arándanos” en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum muchos bebés infectados.
• Diagnóstico:
  • PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) para ARN de rubéola (hisopado de garganta, LCR)
  • Serología (anticuerpos IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions/ IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)
  • Cultivo viral (nasofaringe, sangre)
• Tratamiento: cuidados de soporte; actualmente no hay terapia antiviral Antiviral Antivirals for Hepatitis B específica disponible

Citomegalovirus (CMV)

• Ocurre temprano durante el periodo neonatal o más tarde durante la infancia.
• La presentación temprana generalmente incluye:
  • Restricción del crecimiento intrauterino
  • Microcefalia
  • Letargo
  • Neuropatía óptica
  • Calcificaciones intracraneales
  • Retraso motor Motor Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. Nervous System: Histology
  • Hepatoesplenomegalia
• La tasa de mortalidad es alta y puede alcanzar el 12% durante los LOS Neisseria primeros 6 meses de vida.
• El retraso mental y la pérdida auditiva pueden ocurrir durante la niñez y generalmente son progresivos.
• Tratamiento con ganciclovir Ganciclovir An acyclovir analog that is a potent inhibitor of the herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from aids-associated cytomegalovirus infections. Antivirals for Herpes Virus

Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology del herpes simple (VHS)

• Paso directo de la madre al AL Amyloidosis bebé
• Presentación clínica:
  • Ocurre entre los LOS Neisseria 7 y los LOS Neisseria 28 días de vida.
  • Irritable
  • Erupción vesicular
  • Convulsiones
  • Hipotermia
• Examen y diagnóstico:
  • PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) de HSV HSV Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Herpes simplex virus commonly causes recurrent infections involving the skin and mucosal surfaces, including the mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 de análisis de sangre
  • Cultivo de HSV HSV Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Herpes simplex virus commonly causes recurrent infections involving the skin and mucosal surfaces, including the mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2: ojos, nariz, boca, recto
  • PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) de HSV HSV Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Herpes simplex virus commonly causes recurrent infections involving the skin and mucosal surfaces, including the mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 de LCR
  • Pruebas de función hepática
• Tratamiento:
  • Obtener hemocultivos
  • Enfermedad de la piel, los LOS Neisseria ojos y la boca: aciclovir
  • Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis o VHS diseminado: aciclovir