Infecciones Congénitas por TORCH

Descripción General

TORCH

Un grupo de infecciones congénitas específicas adquiridas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el útero o durante el parto:

• Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis
• Otros (sífilis, virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology varicela-zóster (VZV, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés), parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19 y VIH)
• Rubeola Rubeola Measles (also known as rubeola) is caused by a single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is highly contagious and spreads by respiratory droplets or direct-contact transmission from an infected person. Typically a disease of childhood, measles classically starts with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles Virus
• CMV
• Herpes simple

El tamizaje prenatal es importante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la identificación.

Epidemiología

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis

• 1 000 millones de personas afectadas a nivel mundial
• La frecuencia en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la población depende de la incidencia en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum mujeres en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum edad fértil.
• La incidencia ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia estado disminuyendo a nivel mundial.
• Más comúnmente visto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum América Central, Europa, Brasil y África Central
• La prevalencia varía de 1 por 100 a 1 por 1 000 nacidos vivos y aumenta con la edad materna.

Sífilis

• Afecta a aproximadamente 1 millón de embarazos cada año
• La incidencia está aumentando en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos.
• Aumenta con un nivel socioeconómico más bajo y el consumo de drogas
• Los LOS Neisseria adolescentes y los LOS Neisseria adultos jóvenes corren más riesgo.
• La tasa de transmisión vertical se aproxima al AL Amyloidosis 90% con la sífilis materna en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum estadio secundario.

Infeccion por varicela-zóster

• La incidencia de infección materna es del 0,7% por cada 1 000 mujeres
• Aproximadamente el 25% de los LOS Neisseria fetos están infectados; solo el 2% tendrá presentación clínica.
  • Infección dentro de las 6–12 semanas de gestación → anomalías en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las extremidades
  • 16–20 semanas de gestación → enfermedad ocular y cerebral
  • Infección durante 3er trimestre → enfermedad menos grave
• Históricamente, se ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia reportado una mortalidad de hasta el 30% sin profilaxis; con inmunoglobulina/antivirales en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum entornos modernos, se acerca al AL Amyloidosis ~7%.
• Se ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia demostrado que la inmunoglobulina contra la varicela-zóster en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el recién nacido puede salvarle la vida.

Parvovirus

• Quinta enfermedad o enfermedad de la mejilla abofeteada
• Transmitido por el aire o esparcido a través de gotículas
• Generalmente enfermedad leve
• El riesgo de infección materna es del 30%.
• Infección materna → hidropesía fetal o pérdida fetal
• El riesgo de pérdida fetal es del 9% y es mayor en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 2do trimestre.

VIH

• Aumento de la prevalencia en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos
• La transmisión vertical depende de la carga viral materna.
• Tasa de transmisión del 25% en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum madres no tratadas
• Tasa de transmisión del 6% si el bebé recibe tratamiento inmediatamente después del parto
• < 2% de transmisión si la madre recibe tratamiento durante el embarazo

Rubeola Rubeola Measles (also known as rubeola) is caused by a single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is highly contagious and spreads by respiratory droplets or direct-contact transmission from an infected person. Typically a disease of childhood, measles classically starts with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles Virus

• Raro en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos debido a la vacunación
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos, la rubéola se eliminó en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 2004; se notifican menos de 10 casos al AL Amyloidosis año, la mayoría relacionados con importaciones.
• Enfermedad benigna autolimitada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum madres

CMV

• La causa más común de infección congénita en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos
• Un mayor riesgo se asocia con la exposición frecuente a niños pequeños (p. ej., guarderías o niños pequeños en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum casa) y una edad materna más temprana.
• Hasta el 20% de los LOS Neisseria lactantes infectados desarrollan pérdida auditiva neurosensorial, daño ocular y disfunción cognitiva o motora.
• La tasa de mortalidad puede llegar al AL Amyloidosis 12% en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria 1ros 6 meses de vida.

Herpes simple

• La prevalencia estimada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos es de 30 casos por 100 000 nacidos vivos.
• La tasa de infección infantil en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el herpes materno primario puede llegar al AL Amyloidosis 50%.
• La tasa de infección en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la enfermedad recurrente/reactivada es <2%.
• La terapia antiviral Antiviral Antivirals for Hepatitis B y el parto por cesárea mejoran los LOS Neisseria resultados clínicos.

Etiología

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis

• Causada por el protozoo Toxoplasma Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis gondii, un parásito intracelular obligado
• Transmisión horizontal:
  • Exposición a heces de gato contaminadas
  • Comer carne cruda infectada
• Transmisión vertical:
  • Pasado de la madre infectada al AL Amyloidosis feto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum desarrollo a través de la placenta Placenta A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (chorionic villi) derived from trophoblasts and a maternal portion (decidua) derived from the uterine endometrium. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (placental hormones). Placenta, Umbilical Cord, and Amniotic Cavity
  • Las madres con 1er episodio de infección durante el embarazo transmiten la infección.
  • El riesgo de transmisión transplacentaria es mayor en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 3er trimestre, pero la enfermedad es menos grave.
  • La reactivación de la toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis latente puede ocurrir en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum una madre inmunocomprometida.
  • El 30% de los LOS Neisseria fetos expuestos se infectan.

Sífilis

• Causada por la espiroqueta Treponema pallidum Treponema pallidum The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws. Treponema
• Varios modos de transmisión:
  • Contacto directo con una lesión activa (besos o actividad sexual)
  • Transmisión intrauterina de madre a feto
  • Transmisión vertical a través de la placenta Placenta A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (chorionic villi) derived from trophoblasts and a maternal portion (decidua) derived from the uterine endometrium. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (placental hormones). Placenta, Umbilical Cord, and Amniotic Cavity o durante el parto

Infeccion por varicela-zóster

• Causada por el alfaherpesvirus humano 3 (HHV-3, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés), también conocido como VZV
• Infección materna primaria → síndrome de varicela congénita o varicela neonatal
• Transmisión transplacentaria durante el desarrollo fetal temprano → síndrome de varicela congénita
• Transmisión durante el parto → varicela neonatal

Parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19

• Asintomático en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum adultos y, a menudo, no detectado
• Asociado con hidropesía fetal o pérdida fetal durante el 1er trimestre
• El riesgo de infección crónica por parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19 en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el feto es raro con una transfusión exitosa.

VIH

• Retrovirus que infecta a los LOS Neisseria humanos
• Hasta el momento incurable
• Se propaga a través de varios mecanismos:
  • Contacto sexual
  • Transmisión por sangre
  • Transmisión vertical
  • Durante el parto
  • Amamantamiento

Rubeola Rubeola Measles (also known as rubeola) is caused by a single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is highly contagious and spreads by respiratory droplets or direct-contact transmission from an infected person. Typically a disease of childhood, measles classically starts with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles Virus

• Causado por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la rubéola
• Propagación materna a través del torrente sanguíneo al AL Amyloidosis feto
• Contacto directo con secreciones de nariz y garganta

CMV

• Contacto directo con fluidos corporales
• Transmisión materna durante la infección primaria → secuelas graves
• Transmisión materna en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum enfermedad reactivada → excreción viral asintomática

Herpes simple

• Contacto directo durante el parto
• Transmisión intrauterina → enfermedad más grave

Fisiopatología

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis

• Transmisión vertical al AL Amyloidosis feto por vía transplacentaria
• La gravedad depende de la edad gestacional en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el momento de la infección.
• Infección al AL Amyloidosis principio del embarazo → enfermedad grave o pérdida fetal
• Ciclo de vida de Toxoplasma Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis gondii: presente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum carne infectada o heces de gato → ingerido por el huésped → existe en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 3 formas:
  • Bradizoítos:
    • Contenido en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum quistes tisulares del huésped
    • Replicación lenta
    • Existen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tejido muscular y cerebral
    • Vive de meses a años
  • Taquizoítos:
    • Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum fase aguda
    • Replicación rápida
    • Responsable de invadir otras células
    • Provoca la destrucción de tejidos
  • Esporozoítos (ooquistes):
    • Formados en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células epiteliales de los LOS Neisseria gatos
    • Se vuelve infeccioso después de la esporulación
    • La esporulación tarda 2–3 días
    • La limpieza diaria de la arena para gatos elimina esta forma de transmisión

Sífilis

• Sin estadio primario en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la sífilis congénita
• Transmisión transplacentaria de espiroquetas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum circulación (Similar al AL Amyloidosis estadio secundario de la sífilis)
• El estadio terciario ocurre después de 2 años y no es contagioso.

Infeccion por varicela-zóster

• La infección materna aguda durante el último trimestre aumenta el riesgo de infección neonatal.
• La viremia Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood. Erythema Infectiosum materna conduce a tasas más altas de infección fetal.
• La infección del feto puede ocurrir prenatalmente, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el útero o durante el proceso de nacimiento.

Parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19

• Infección prenatal: conduce a derrames e hidropesía fetal
• Infección posnatal:
  • Infecta las células progenitoras de los LOS Neisseria eritrocitos que se encuentran en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la médula ósea
  • Detención de la producción de eritrocitos inducida por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology → anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types significativa → insuficiencia cardíaca

VIH

• Transmisión vertical:
  • Transmisión transplacentaria al AL Amyloidosis feto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum desarrollo
  • Sin prevención, ocurre en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ~15%–45% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes; con TAR materna eficaz y profilaxis infantil, el riesgo suele ser <1%–2%.
• Los LOS Neisseria anticuerpos específicos del VIH son positivos al AL Amyloidosis nacer.
• La reversión serológica puede ocurrir a los LOS Neisseria 18 meses de edad.
• La transmisión posnatal al AL Amyloidosis lactante aumenta con la lactancia.

Rubeola Rubeola Measles (also known as rubeola) is caused by a single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is highly contagious and spreads by respiratory droplets or direct-contact transmission from an infected person. Typically a disease of childhood, measles classically starts with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles Virus

• Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de ARN de cadena positiva envuelto
• Necrosis Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. Ischemic Cell Damage no inflamatoria de células epiteliales y endoteliales
• Inhibición de la mitosis Mitosis A type of cell nucleus division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes of the somatic cells of the species. Cell Cycle y las células precursoras

CMV

• Transmisión de la madre al AL Amyloidosis feto:
  • Por vía transplacentaria
  • Durante el parto
  • Al AL Amyloidosis amamantar
• Aproximadamente el 40% de las infecciones primarias maternas → CMV congénito
• Infección primaria dentro del 1er trimestre → presentación más grave en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el neonato

Herpes simple

• Infección adquirida durante el parto:
  • Enfermedad de la piel/boca/ojo → 1ra semana de vida
  • Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis → 2da semana de vida
  • Herpes virus Herpes Virus Antivirals for Herpes Virus simple diseminado → 2–4 semanas de vida
• Infección intrauterina → enfermedad diseminada grave dentro de la 1ra semana de vida

Presentación Clínica

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis

La tríada de toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis congénita en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum lactantes incluye:

• Coriorretinitis:
  • Visión borrosa
  • Escotoma
  • Epífora
  • Ceguera
• Hidrocefalia obstructiva:
  • Fontanela abultada
  • Nistagmo
  • Tono muscular anormal
• Calcificaciones intracraneales que se asocian comúnmente con:
  • Discapacidad intelectual
  • Convulsiones y déficits motores
• Características por ultrasonidos prenatales sugestivas de toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis fetal:
  • Restricción del crecimiento fetal
  • Hidrocefalia fetal
  • Calcificaciones intracraneales
  • Ascitis

Sífilis

• ⅓ → muerte perinatal
• Aproximadamente ⅔ → asintomático al AL Amyloidosis nacer, con síntomas que aparecen dentro de los LOS Neisseria 1ros meses de vida
• Los LOS Neisseria síntomas pueden manifestarse:
  • Tempranamente (antes de los LOS Neisseria 2 años de edad)
  • Tardíamente (después de los LOS Neisseria 2 años de edad)
• Todos los LOS Neisseria sistemas de órganos pueden estar involucrados.

Las manifestaciones tempranas de la sífilis congénita pueden afectar varios sistemas:

• Cabeza/ojo/oído/nariz/garganta:
  • Secreción nasal sanguinolenta
  • Nariz de silla de montar
  • Ceguera por coriorretinitis
  • Pérdida de la audición
  • Dientes de Hutchinson
• Hepático:
  • Hepatoesplenomegalia
  • Ictericia
  • Enzimas hepáticas elevadas
• Hematológico:
  • Linfadenopatía
  • Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types hemolítica
  • Trombocitopenia
• Dermatológico:
  • Erupción muco-cutánea
• Renal:
  • Nefritis
• Ortopédico:
  • Osteocondritis
  • Transparencias metafisarias en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la radiografía
  • Espinillas de sable
• Neurológico:
  • Anomalías del SNC
• Inespecífico:
  • Retraso en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el crecimiento
  • Retraso en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el desarrollo

Infeccion por varicela-zóster

La presentación más común del síndrome de varicela congénita incluye:

• Cicatrices cutáneas
• Atrofia de extremidades
• Vejiga neurogénica
• Hidronefrosis
• Microcefalia
• Atrofia cortical
• Convulsiones
• Discapacidad intelectual
• Enfermedad ocular:
  • Microftalmía
  • Cataratas
  • Coriorretinitis

Parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19

• Hidropesía fetal: edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema masivo de los LOS Neisseria espacios pericárdico, peritoneal y pleural
• Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types

VIH

• Los LOS Neisseria recién nacidos pueden ser asintomáticos al AL Amyloidosis nacer.
• Puede presentarse más tarde con infecciones oportunistas
• Las manifestaciones tempranas de la infección congénita por el VIH incluyen:
  • Linfadenopatías
  • Hepatoesplenomegalia
  • Candidiasis Candidiasis Candida is a genus of dimorphic, opportunistic fungi. Candida albicans is part of the normal human flora and is the most common cause of candidiasis. The clinical presentation varies and can include localized mucocutaneous infections (e.g., oropharyngeal, esophageal, intertriginous, and vulvovaginal candidiasis) and invasive disease (e.g., candidemia, intraabdominal abscess, pericarditis, and meningitis). Candida/Candidiasis oral
  • Infecciones bacterianas invasivas
  • Neumonía recurrente
  • Retraso del crecimiento

Rubeola Rubeola Measles (also known as rubeola) is caused by a single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is highly contagious and spreads by respiratory droplets or direct-contact transmission from an infected person. Typically a disease of childhood, measles classically starts with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles Virus

• Los LOS Neisseria recién nacidos generalmente son asintomáticos al AL Amyloidosis nacer.
• Aislamiento de contactos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum neonatos infectados
• La gravedad del compromiso fetal se correlaciona con el momento de aparición de la infección materna:
  • ≤ 8 semanas de gestación → aborto espontáneo o pérdida fetal
  • < 11 semanas de gestación → múltiples órganos afectados
  • > 12 semanas de gestación → sordera o retinopatía
• Características clínicas tempranas de la rubéola congénita:
  • Linfadenopatías generalizadas
  • Hepatoesplenomegalia
  • Hepatitis
  • Ictericia
  • Trombocitopenia
  • Puede resolverse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum semanas

CMV

• Los LOS Neisseria síntomas ocurren temprano durante el período neonatal o más tarde durante la niñez.
• Presentación temprana (10% de los LOS Neisseria casos):
  • Restricción del crecimiento fetal
  • Microcefalia
  • Letargo
  • Neuropatía óptica
  • Calcificaciones intracraneales
  • Prematuridad
  • Convulsión
• Presentación tardía (50%)
  • Audición
  • Pérdida de la visión
  • Retraso en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el desarrollo
  • Trastorno convulsivo
• Retraso mental y pérdida de audición
• Se manifiesta durante la infancia y puede progresar

Herpes simple

Los LOS Neisseria síntomas generalmente comienzan dentro del 1er día de vida, pero pueden retrasarse hasta 1 semana después del nacimiento.

• Erupción cutánea localizada (un grupo de vesículas sobre una base eritematosa), 90% de los LOS Neisseria casos
• Compromiso oftálmico (queratoconjuntivitis) y oral
• Encefalitis con o sin afectación de la piel ocurre entre 8 y 12 días después del nacimiento.
• Infección diseminada grave en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el neonato:
  • Irritabilidad
  • Convulsiones
  • Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria
  • Ictericia
  • Anomalías hemorrágicas
  • Shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock

Diagnóstico

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis

• Antígenos de toxoplasma Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis detectados en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum fluidos corporales y suero por:
  • Reacción en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cadena de la polimerasa ( PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
  • Ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas ( ELISA ELISA An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
• Se puede detectar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el líquido amniótico en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un estadio temprano
• La posibilidad de infección fetal es alta si la PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) materna es positiva.

Sífilis

• Diagnóstico definitivo: prueba de anticuerpos fluorescentes directos de tejido o exudado
• Pruebas no treponémicas o de tamizaje
  • Se vuelve no reactivo con el tiempo después del tratamiento
  • Prueba VDRL VDRL Treponema: positivo 1–2 semanas después del chancro
  • Prueba rápida de reagina plasmática
  • Prueba de antígeno recombinante ICE
• Pruebas treponémicas o confirmatorias
  • Se utiliza para confirmar un resultado positivo
  • Prueba de inmovilización de T. pallidum
  • Prueba de absorción de anticuerpos treponémicos fluorescentes
  • Los LOS Neisseria ensayos de microhemaglutinación para T. pallidum son específicos para la sífilis.

Infeccion por varicela-zóster

• Factores clínicos:
  • Antecedentes maternos documentados de varicela durante el embarazo
  • Síndrome de varicela congénita en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el neonato
• La PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) para identificar el ADN viral está disponible a través de:
  • Sangre del cordón
  • Toma de muestra de vellosidades coriónicas
  • Toma de muestra de sangre fetal
• Títulos positivos de varicela IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions e IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19

• Detección materna de IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions
• ADN viral ( PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)) en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum líquido amniótico, sangre fetal o tejidos
• Ultrasonido fetal indicado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el momento del diagnóstico

VIH

• Tamizaje materno de rutina durante el embarazo
• Tamizaje de lactantes si la madre no se hizo la prueba
• Se utiliza la prueba rápida.
• Madre expuesta:
  • PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) cuantitativa a intervalos
  • Prueba de anticuerpos a los LOS Neisseria 18 meses

Rubeola Rubeola Measles (also known as rubeola) is caused by a single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is highly contagious and spreads by respiratory droplets or direct-contact transmission from an infected person. Typically a disease of childhood, measles classically starts with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles Virus

• Los LOS Neisseria títulos virales se pueden identificar hasta 1 año después del nacimiento.
• Aislado de la nasofaringe, LCR u orina
• La persistencia de IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis específica para la rubéola después de los LOS Neisseria 9 meses de edad apoya la infección congénita; también se utilizan las pruebas de PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) e IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions.

CMV

• La PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) viral es importante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la detección temprana.
• Aislado y cultivado a partir de secreciones orales u orina del recién nacido

Herpes simple

• PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) del suero
• PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) del LCR
• Cultivo de virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology herpes simple de piel, ojos, nasofaringe, recto

Tratamiento

Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis

• Pirimetamina y sulfadiazina para niños mayores
• Se agrega ácido folínico (leucovorina) para prevenir la supresión de la médula ósea.
• Los LOS Neisseria medicamentos son activos contra el estadio de taquizoíto, no contra el estadio de bradizoíto.

Sífilis

• Penicilina G
• La penicilina benzatínica G IM dosis única se utiliza para la sífilis materna temprana.
• Para la sífilis congénita en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el neonato, se recomienda penicilina G cristalina acuosa durante 10 días.

VZV

• Inmunoglobulina contra la varicela: administrada después de la exposición
• El aciclovir es el medicamento de elección:
  • Puede ser utilizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum mujeres embarazadas que están infectadas
  • No indicado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el síndrome de varicela congénita

Parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19

• El tratamiento es de soporte.
• Transfusiones de sangre, si es necesario

VIH

• La CD está indicada cuando el ARN del VIH materno es >1000 copias/ml
• Terapia antirretroviral (TAR)
• Zidovudina intravenosa durante el parto si el ARN del VIH es >1000 copias/ml o se desconoce
• Profilaxis antirretroviral neonatal (p. ej., zidovudina durante 2 a 6 semanas; regímenes con múltiples fármacos para exposiciones de alto riesgo)
• Profilaxis con trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (TMP-SMX) desde las 4 a 6 semanas de edad hasta que se descarte la infección por VIH.

Rubeola Rubeola Measles (also known as rubeola) is caused by a single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. It is highly contagious and spreads by respiratory droplets or direct-contact transmission from an infected person. Typically a disease of childhood, measles classically starts with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, followed by a maculopapular rash. Measles Virus

• Sin tratamiento disponible
• La atención se centra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la prevención a través de las vacunas de la niñez (vacuna contra el sarampión, las paperas y la rubéola (SPR)).

CMV

El tratamiento depende de la severidad:

• Para el CMV congénito sintomático, el valganciclovir oral durante 6 meses mejora los LOS Neisseria resultados; comience en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las primeras semanas de vida.
• Utilice ganciclovir Ganciclovir An acyclovir analog that is a potent inhibitor of the herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from aids-associated cytomegalovirus infections. Antivirals for Herpes Virus IV inicialmente para la enfermedad potencialmente mortal antes de pasar a la terapia oral.
• Actualmente se está desarrollando una vacuna contra el CMV.

Herpes simple

• Aciclovir intravenoso durante 14–21 días
  • Nefrotóxico → monitorear la hidratación
  • Neutropenia Neutropenia Neutrophils are an important component of the immune system and play a significant role in the eradication of infections. Low numbers of circulating neutrophils, referred to as neutropenia, predispose the body to recurrent infections or sepsis, though patients can also be asymptomatic. Neutropenia → monitorear los LOS Neisseria recuentos sanguíneos
• Evaluación oftalmológica

Diagnóstico Diferencial

• Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la coriomeningitis linfocítica pediátrica: causado por un virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de ARN monocatenario que es portado por roedores. Los LOS Neisseria seres humanos se infectan cuando entran en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum contacto con los LOS Neisseria excrementos. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes se presentan con una enfermedad febril leve o se quejan de cefalea, mialgia y rigidez nucal, independientemente de cómo pueda ocurrir la transmisión materna. Los LOS Neisseria neonatos generalmente son asintomáticos y nacen a término, pero pueden presentar coriorretinopatía, cataratas, hidrocefalia, calcificaciones periventriculares, microcefalia, macrocefalia o pérdida de la audición. No se observa compromiso generalizado de órganos como en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum TORCH. El tratamiento es de soporte.
• Eritroblastosis fetal: hidropesía fetal autoinmune que resulta de la enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido y la causa más común de anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types hemolítica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el recién nacido, que resulta cuando hay incompatibilidad entre la sangre fetal y los LOS Neisseria anticuerpos maternos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum suero. El neonato presenta ictericia, palidez, hepatoesplenomegalia e hidropesía fetal. Se requiere una estabilización inmediata y crítica con intubación, reposición de volumen, corrección de la anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types, monitoreo estrecho del estado metabólico y fototerapia de alta intensidad. La tasa de mortalidad es alta, del 50%, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria recién nacidos a término.