O carcinoma anal é responsável por 2,7% de todos os tumores do trato gastrointestinal. O carcinoma de células escamosas é o tipo mais MAIS Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome comum de carcinoma anal. O doente pode apresentar hemorragia retal ( mais MAIS Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome comum), alteração dos hábitos intestinais, massa pruriginosa perianal ou ulceração dolorosa perianal. O diagnóstico é confirmado por biópsia. O estadiamento é feito através de estudos imagiológicos. Dependendo do estadio, as opções de tratamento incluem quimiorradioterapia e/ou cirurgia. Se tratado precocemente, o carcinoma anal tem um prognóstico favorável.
Last updated: Dec 15, 2025
Os carcinomas anais são tumores que surgem no canal anal ou na margem anal.
Anatomia:
Histologia:

Anatomia do canal anal
Imagem por Lecturio.Fatores de risco para carcinoma anal:


Carcinoma do canal anal
Imagem : “Anal canal carcinoma” por Dr. K.-H. Günther, Klinikum Main Spessart, Lohr am Main. License: CC BY 3.0
Imagens de ressonância magnética de carcinoma anal com invasão do espaço interesfincteriano e esfíncter anal externo (seta)
Imagem: “Anal cancer with invasion of the intersphincteric space” por St. John’s Cancer Centre, 7 Jaczewskiego Str., 20-090, Lublin, Poland. License: CC BY 4.0
Imagens de TC de SCC do canal anal estendendo-se da junção anorretal até abaixo do bordo anal
Imagem: “Ulcero-fungating anal mass” por Massimo Tonolinicorresponding author and Roberto Bianco. License: CC BY 4.0| Tumor Tumor Inflammation primário (T) | Nódulos linfáticos(N) | Metástases à distância (M) |
|---|---|---|
| Tx: tumor Tumor Inflammation primário não avaliado | Nx: nódulos regionais não podem ser avaliados | M0: sem metástases à distância |
| T0: sem evidência de tumor Tumor Inflammation primário | N0: sem metastização em nódulos regionais | M1: metástases à distância |
| Tis: lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau | N1: metástases em gânglios inguinais, mesorretais, ilíacos internos ou ilíacos externos
|
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| T1: tumor Tumor Inflammation ≤2 cm | ||
| T2: tumor Tumor Inflammation >2 cm, mas ≤5 cm | ||
| T3 T3 A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5′ position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly t3. Thyroid Hormones: tumor Tumor Inflammation >5 cm | ||
| T4 T4 The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Thyroid Hormones: tumor Tumor Inflammation de qualquer tamanho que invade órgãos adjacentes, como a vagina Vagina The vagina is the female genital canal, extending from the vulva externally to the cervix uteri internally. The structures have sexual, reproductive, and urinary functions and a rich blood supply, mainly arising from the internal iliac artery. Vagina, Vulva, and Pelvic Floor: Anatomy, uretra ou bexiga |
| Estadio | T | N | M |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Tis | N0 | M0 |
| I | T1 | N0 | M0 |
| IIA | T2 | N0 | M0 |
| IIB | T3 T3 A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5′ position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly t3. Thyroid Hormones | N0 | M0 |
| IIIA | T1–2 | N1 | M0 |
| IIIB | T4 T4 The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Thyroid Hormones | N0 | M0 |
| IIIC | T3 T3 A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5′ position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly t3. Thyroid Hormones–4 | N1 | M0 |
| IV | Qualquer T | Qualquer N | M1 |