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Nursing Knowledge
Brain herniation occurs when pressure inside the skull pushes brain tissue into abnormal spaces.
Brain herniation is a medical emergency and often fatal, with a low survival rate if not treated immediately.
Brain herniation is most often caused by swelling or bleeding due to:
The types of brain herniation can be differentiated by the location of the herniation:
The progression of brain herniation can be classified as follows:
Herniation can cause brain death due to irreversible brain stem dysfunction or damage to the brain’s respiratory and cardiovascular centers, causing respiratory or cardiac arrest.
Affected persons may exhibit the symptoms of the Cushing’s triad indicating increased intracranial pressure: hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular breathing.
The goal when treating brain herniation is to reduce swelling and pressure.
Measures:
Inform the family that the client’s prognosis is affected by multiple factors, including
Provide emotional support and resources for families during the acute and rehabilitation phases.
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