Estreptococo

Características Generales

Características compartidas

• Cocos Gram-positivos: algunos pueden perder la tinción positiva después de su incubación durante la noche o si el cultivo envejece y las bacterias mueren.
• Crecen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pares o en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cadenas: las cadenas largas clásicas se ven mejor cuando se cultivan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum medio líquido.
• Inmóviles
• No forman esporas
• Anaerobios facultativos (tolerantes al AL Amyloidosis oxígeno)
• Catalasa negativa:
  • La catalasa es una enzima que divide el peróxido de hidrógeno en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum agua y oxígeno.
  • El estado de catalasa negativo es un hallazgo clave que diferencia a los LOS Neisseria estreptococos de los LOS Neisseria estafilococos, que son catalasa positivos.
• Hábitats: piel y membranas mucosas de humanos y animales.

Cápsula

• Factor de virulencia importante
• Estreptococos encapsulados:
  • Ácido hialurónico: grupo A (S. pyogenes)
  • Polisacárido:
    • Grupo B (S. agalactiae)
    • S. pneumoniae
    • Grupo D ( Enterococcus Enterococcus Enterococcus is a genus of oval-shaped gram-positive cocci that are arranged in pairs or short chains. Distinguishing factors include optochin resistance and the presence of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and Lancefield D antigen. Enterococcus is part of the normal flora of the human GI tract. Enterococcus)
• Estreptococos no encapsulados:
  • Estreptococos viridans
    • S. viridans no es una especie única ni verdadera; más bien, es un término pseudo-taxonómico.
    • Representa diferentes grupos de estreptococos, incluido el grupo S. bovis (e.g., S. gallolyticus), S. mitis, el grupo S. mutans, S. sanguinis, el grupo S. anginosus, S. constellatus, S. intermedius y el Grupo S. salivarius.
  • S. pneumoniae no encapsulado:
    • Existen algunos fenotipos naturales no encapsulados que causan enfermedades.
    • Todos los LOS Neisseria neumococos encapsulados pierden la producción de cápsulas después de pasar por algunos subcultivos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum agar, pero volverán a producir cápsulas (y tendrán mayor virulencia) si se inyectan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ratones.

Biopelícula

Los LOS Neisseria estreptococos tienen la capacidad de formar biopelículas:

• Comunidades bacterianas densamente empaquetadas
• Crecen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum superficies o tejidos humanos
• Las bacterias secretan y se rodean de una matriz viscosa compuesta de polímeros (polisacáridos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum especies de estreptococos).
• Ejemplos de biopelículas:
  • Placa dental
  • Colonización bacteriana de heridas crónicas.

Significado:

• Más resistentes a las defensas inmunitarias del huésped
• Más resistentes a los LOS Neisseria antibióticos

Diferenciación de Especies de Estreptococos

Clasificación serológica (Lancefield)

• Los LOS Neisseria grupos A–V se identifican sobre la base de los LOS Neisseria antígenos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la pared celular, pili Pili Filamentous or elongated proteinaceous structures which extend from the cell surface in gram-negative bacteria that contain certain types of conjugative plasmid. These pili are the organs associated with genetic transfer and have essential roles in conjugation. Normally, only one or a few pili occur on a given donor cell. This preferred use of ‘pili’ refers to the sexual appendage, to be distinguished from bacterial fimbriae, also known as common pili, which are usually concerned with adhesion. Salmonella o cápsula.
• Ahora sobre todo de interés histórico, ya que se han descrito muchas más especies
• Algunas especies de estreptococos todavía se conocen tradicionalmente por sus tipos serológicos (grupos A, B y D).
  • Grupo A: S. pyogenes
  • Grupo B: S. agalactiae
  • Grupo C: S. equisimilis, S. equi, S. zooepidemicus
  • Grupo D: Enterococcus Enterococcus Enterococcus is a genus of oval-shaped gram-positive cocci that are arranged in pairs or short chains. Distinguishing factors include optochin resistance and the presence of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and Lancefield D antigen. Enterococcus is part of the normal flora of the human GI tract. Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, S. bovis
  • Grupos F, G y L: S. anginosus
  • Grupo H: S. sanguis
  • Grupo K: S. salivarius
  • Grupo L: S. dysgalactiae
  • Grupos M y O: S. mitis
  • Grupo N: Lactococcus lactis
  • Grupos R y S: S. suis

Clasificación hemolítica

Los LOS Neisseria estreptococos crecen bien en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum agar sangre. Las especies de Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus se dividen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 3 grupos según su patrón de hemólisis:

• β-Hemolítico: hemólisis completa (zona clara de hemólisis):
  • S. pyogenes
  • S. agalactiae
• α-Hemolítico: hemólisis parcial (zona verde de hemólisis):
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Estreptococos viridans (patrones hemolíticos variables en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum algunas especies)
• γ-Hemolítico: sin hemólisis:
  • S. gallolyticus (miembro del grupo S. bovis)
  • S. faecalis y S. faecium se han reclasificado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el género distinto de Enterococcus Enterococcus Enterococcus is a genus of oval-shaped gram-positive cocci that are arranged in pairs or short chains. Distinguishing factors include optochin resistance and the presence of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and Lancefield D antigen. Enterococcus is part of the normal flora of the human GI tract. Enterococcus como E. faecalis y E. faecium.

Factores distintivos de los LOS Neisseria estreptococos patógenos

Patogénesis

Cada especie patógena de estreptococos tiene factores de virulencia claves que se relacionan con su diseminación y manifestaciones clínicas. Consulte las tablas a continuación para obtener un resumen de estas características en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum especies seleccionadas:

Enfermedades Causadas por Estreptococos β-Hemolíticos

Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus pyogenes es el patógeno más virulento de la familia Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus.

Faringitis:

• Infección más común causada por S. pyogenes
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum lactantes y niños pequeños: nasofaringitis subaguda, petequias palatinas, linfadenopatía cervical; puede provocar una infección del oído medio
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum niños mayores y adultos: nasofaringitis intensa, amigdalitis, exudados purulentos, fiebre alta, linfadenopatía cervical
• Infecciones asintomáticas: 20%
• Muchas otras etiologías de faringitis: adenovirus Adenovirus Adenovirus (member of the family Adenoviridae) is a nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus. Adenovirus is transmitted in a variety of ways, and it can have various presentations based on the site of entry. Presentation can include febrile pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, acute respiratory disease, atypical pneumonia, and gastroenteritis. Adenovirus, mononucleosis Mononucleosis Infectious mononucleosis (IM), also known as “the kissing disease,” is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Its common name is derived from its main method of transmission: the spread of infected saliva via kissing. Clinical manifestations of IM include fever, tonsillar pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. Mononucleosis infecciosa, infección gonocócica, difteria

Infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos:

• Impétigo:
  • Lesiones cutáneas con “costra de miel”
  • Afecta principalmente a niños de 2–5 años
  • Muy transmisible, especialmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum climas cálidos y húmedos
  • Puede progresar a celulitis
  • También puede ser causado por Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications. Brain Abscess
• Erisipela:
  • Infección de la dermis Dermis A layer of vascularized connective tissue underneath the epidermis. The surface of the dermis contains innervated papillae. Embedded in or beneath the dermis are sweat glands; hair follicles; and sebaceous glands. Skin: Structure and Functions superior y linfáticos superficiales
  • Margen de infección rojo, elevado, de rápido avance y bien delimitado (estar elevado y bien demarcado lo diferencia de la celulitis)
• Celulitis:
  • Infección de la dermis Dermis A layer of vascularized connective tissue underneath the epidermis. The surface of the dermis contains innervated papillae. Embedded in or beneath the dermis are sweat glands; hair follicles; and sebaceous glands. Skin: Structure and Functions profunda y la grasa subcutánea
  • Margen de infección rojo, no elevado y no bien delimitado (no estar elevado y no estar bien demarcado lo diferencia de la erisipela)
• Absceso:
  • Acumulación localizada de pus en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum una cavidad recién creada
  • S. pyogenes y Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications. Brain Abscess resistente a la meticilina ( MRSA MRSA A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of methicillin. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired penicillin binding proteins. Staphylococcus, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) son las causas más comunes de abscesos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tronco, extremidades, axilas o cabeza y cuello.
• Fascitis necrosante (“ bacteria Bacteria Bacteria are prokaryotic single-celled microorganisms that are metabolically active and divide by binary fission. Some of these organisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases. Bacteriology carnívora” o “gangrena estreptocócica”)
  • Una infección necrosante de tejidos blandos que también incluye formas necrosantes de miositis y celulitis
  • Destrucción fulminante de tejidos, signos sistémicos de toxicidad y alta mortalidad; generalmente polimicrobiana, con bacterias aeróbicas y anaeróbicas
  • La piel suprayacente puede parecer solo levemente cálida, sin una puerta de entrada clara.
  • Factores predisponentes: diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus, trauma, inmunosupresión
  • Es muy probable que las exotoxinas pirogénicas contribuyan al AL Amyloidosis shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock a través de las citoquinas.
  • Emergencia quirúrgica: desbridamiento y administración de antibióticos necesarios con urgencia

Fiebre puerperal: ocurre cuando S. pyogenes ingresa al AL Amyloidosis útero después del parto, causando endometritis Endometritis Endometritis is an inflammation of the endometrium, the inner layer of the uterus. The most common subtype is postpartum endometritis, resulting from the ascension of normal vaginal flora to the previously aseptic uterus. Postpartum Endometritis y bacteriemia

Bacteriemia o sepsis Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by hypotension despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called septic shock. Sepsis and Septic Shock causada por:

• Heridas quirúrgicas o traumáticas infectadas
• Infecciones de la piel (e.g., celulitis)
• Faringitis (rara)

Enfermedades mediadas por toxinas

Fiebre escarlatina:

• Por lo general, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum asociación con faringitis
• Mediada por toxinas (superantígeno A o C)
• Erupción eritematosa papular difusa; palmas, plantas y cara generalmente a salvo
• “Lengua de fresa”
• Palidez circumoral

Síndrome de shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock tóxico:

• Shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock de inicio temprano, bacteriemia, insuficiencia respiratoria e insuficiencia multiorgánica
• Mortal en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 30% de los LOS Neisseria casos
• Puede ir precedido de un traumatismo menor con signos locales de infección
• Mediada por toxinas superantígenos
• El síndrome de shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock tóxico también puede ser causado por Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications. Brain Abscess, que también puede expresar toxinas superantígenos.

Secuelas posinfecciosas

Fiebre reumática:

• 2–3 semanas después de la faringitis
• El tratamiento antibiótico temprano de la faringitis disminuye la incidencia.
• Asociado con anticuerpos contra estreptolisina O, hialuronidasa y estreptoquinasa
• Criterios de A♡NES:
  • Afectación de las Articulaciones (poliartritis)
  • ♡(estenosis de la válvula mitral, miocarditis, pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis)
  • Nódulos (subcutáneos; en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum superficies extensoras)
  • Eritema marginado (erupción)
  • Corea de Sydenham (neurológica)

Glomerulonefritis posestreptocócica:

• Causada por cepas nefritogénicas específicas que tienen los LOS Neisseria 2 antígenos más importantes (SpeB y receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors de plasmina asociado a nefritis)
• Ocurre 2–3 semanas después de la faringitis o el impétigo
• Deposición de complejos inmunes dentro de la membrana basal glomerular (reacción de hipersensibilidad tipo 3)
• Hematuria Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine. Renal Cell Carcinoma/ proteinuria Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of kidney diseases. Nephrotic Syndrome in Children, edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema, hipertensión
• Generalmente (pero no siempre) benigno y autolimitado

Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus agalactiae: estreptococos del grupo B

• Coloniza con frecuencia el tracto genital ( en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 5%–30% de las mujeres) y el tracto gastrointestinal
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum adultos mayores con afecciones médicas crónicas:
  • Infección más común: celulitis.
  • Septicemia
  • Menos frecuentes: cistitis, pielonefritis, neumonía, artritis séptica, endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis, meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum mujeres embarazadas:
  • Infección del tracto urinario (o bacteriuria Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the urinary tract and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Children asintomática)
  • Corioamnionitis
  • Endometritis Endometritis Endometritis is an inflammation of the endometrium, the inner layer of the uterus. The most common subtype is postpartum endometritis, resulting from the ascension of normal vaginal flora to the previously aseptic uterus. Postpartum Endometritis posparto
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum neonatos:
  • Adquirido in utero por infección ascendente o durante el paso a través de la vagina Vagina The vagina is the female genital canal, extending from the vulva externally to the cervix uteri internally. The structures have sexual, reproductive, and urinary functions and a rich blood supply, mainly arising from the internal iliac artery. Vagina, Vulva, and Pelvic Floor: Anatomy
  • Inicio temprano (dentro de los LOS Neisseria 6 días) o tardío (hasta 90 días)
  • Puede presentarse con:
    • Bacteriemia (sin foco)
    • Septicemia
    • Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis
    • Neumonía
    • Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria

Enfermedades Causadas por Estreptococos α-Hemolíticos

Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Causa bacteriana más común de neumonía adquirida en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la comunidad
  • Se presenta con hipoxia, tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, taquipnea, taquicardia, fiebre
  • Transmisión de persona a persona por aerosoles o contacto cercano
• La colonización nasofaríngea es común (5%–40%). La aspiración de secreciones nasofaríngeas hacia los LOS Neisseria pulmones puede provocar neumonía si:
  • Inóculo bacteriano muy grande
  • Mecanismos normales de aclaramiento se encuentran afectados por tabaquismo, infecciones virales, intoxicación por alcohol o drogas, enfermedad sistémica, insuficiencia cardiaca
• También puede propagarse y causar bacteriemia, lo que puede resultar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la colonización bacteriana a otros órganos:
  • Sistema nervioso central (SNC): meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis, otitis media,
  • Cardíaco: endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis, pericarditis Pericarditis Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, often with fluid accumulation. It can be caused by infection (often viral), myocardial infarction, drugs, malignancies, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders, or trauma. Acute, subacute, and chronic forms exist. Pericarditis
  • Reumático: artritis séptica, osteomielitis

Estreptococos viridans

• Son las bacterias más prevalentes de la microbiota normal del tracto respiratorio superior
• Importante para el estado saludable de las membranas mucosas
• Más comúnmente ingresa al AL Amyloidosis torrente sanguíneo a través de roturas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mucosa oral (e.g., durante procedimientos dentales)
• Se han asociado con:
  • Sinusitis Sinusitis Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. The condition usually occurs concurrently with inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis), a condition known as rhinosinusitis. Acute sinusitis is due to an upper respiratory infection caused by a viral, bacterial, or fungal agent. Sinusitis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes inmunocomprometidos
  • S. mutans: caries dental, endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis
  • S. mitis: endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis, bacteriemia, alto nivel de resistencia a la penicilina
  • S. bovis: endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis, enfermedad biliar, aislado de sangre común en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cáncer de colon Colon The large intestines constitute the last portion of the digestive system. The large intestine consists of the cecum, appendix, colon (with ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments), rectum, and anal canal. The primary function of the colon is to remove water and compact the stool prior to expulsion from the body via the rectum and anal canal. Colon, Cecum, and Appendix: Anatomy
  • Grupo S. anginosus: infecciones piógenas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cerebro, hígado, pulmón
  • Grupo S. salivarius: bacteriemia, endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis, meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis

Enterococos

• Reclasificado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum su propio género, Enterococcus Enterococcus Enterococcus is a genus of oval-shaped gram-positive cocci that are arranged in pairs or short chains. Distinguishing factors include optochin resistance and the presence of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and Lancefield D antigen. Enterococcus is part of the normal flora of the human GI tract. Enterococcus
• Muy similar al AL Amyloidosis Streptococcus Streptococcus Streptococcus is one of the two medically important genera of gram-positive cocci, the other being Staphylococcus. Streptococci are identified as different species on blood agar on the basis of their hemolytic pattern and sensitivity to optochin and bacitracin. There are many pathogenic species of streptococci, including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and the viridans streptococci. Streptococcus en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum apariencia física y características
• Organismos comensales en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria intestinos humanos
• Se han asociado con:
  • Infecciones del tracto urinario
  • Diverticulitis Diverticulitis Inflammation of a diverticulum or diverticula. Diverticular Disease
  • Peritonitis Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the peritoneal cavity via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the abdominal cavity itself through rupture or abscess of intra-abdominal organs. Penetrating Abdominal Injury bacteriana espontánea
  • Endocarditis Endocarditis Endocarditis is an inflammatory disease involving the inner lining (endometrium) of the heart, most commonly affecting the cardiac valves. Both infectious and noninfectious etiologies lead to vegetations on the valve leaflets. Patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as fever and fatigue. Endocarditis (comúnmente después de la manipulación del tracto gastrointestinal o urinario)
  • Meningitis Meningitis Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes of the brain, and spinal cord. The causes of meningitis are varied, with the most common being bacterial or viral infection. The classic presentation of meningitis is a triad of fever, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity. Meningitis (rara)

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