Lecturio Medical Videos

There has been a recent insurgence in pertinent knowledge regarding cell-mediated non-IGE food allergic disorders. Pediatric allergic proctocolitis is a frequent, significant cause of infant colitis. This article expatiates on clinic-patho-physiological aspects of the same.

Pediatric Meconium Ileus

Meconium ileus implies the presence of an intestinal obstruction in-utero or in neonatal period secondary to abnormally thick meconium. This article expatiates on patho-physiological aspects of meconium ileus and expounds on clinical features of the same. The article concludes with treatment, complications and prognosis of meconium ileus.

Pediatric Vomiting and Diarrhea

Pediatric gastrointestinal disturbances are common, often simple to manage and yet, unfortunately, life threatening in some instances. Sometimes, seemingly innocuous vomiting can be a harbinger of a serious underlying disease. This article expounds on various patho-physiological aspects of pediatric vomiting and diarrhea, and expatiates on the rapid aggressive treatment of accompanying dehydration.

Pediatric Constipation and Encopresis

Constipation is a very frequent, rather tantalizing presentation in the pediatric population. One needs to be wary of organic causes of constipation and treat the same judiciously. This article expatiates on pediatric constipation and encopresis.

Pyloric Stenosis (Gastric Outlet Obstruction) — Causes and Symptoms

Pediatric pyloric stenosis, also known as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, is a condition that is characterized by pyloric muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia which leads to gastric outlet obstruction. Infants usually present in their third week of life with repeated, projective vomiting that is associated with an abdominal olive-like palpable mass. The clinical picture is usually enough to make the diagnosis, but ultrasonography can help confirm the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis in most of the patients. Surgical correction with a pyloromyotomy is the treatment of choice.

Hirschsprung's Disease (Congenital Megacolon) — Symptoms and Causes

Pediatric Hirschsprung Disease occurs when there is an absence of the ganglionic layer in the myenteric layer of the anus and the submucosa of the colon. This leads to the failure of relaxation of the colon, delayed passage of meconium, abdominal distension and constipation. Laboratory investigations are helpful if the patient develops enterocolitis where leukocytosis might be evident. Barium enema studies and histologic examination of biopsies confirm the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease, and surgical resection of the aganglionic part of the colon is the current treatment of choice.

Pediatric Appendicitis — Symptoms and Surgery

The progression of symptoms with appendicitis typically occurs at a rapid pace, with a small diagnostic opportunity before perforation; therefore, it is very important for physicians to know exactly how to diagnose and treat appendicitis in children.

Intussusception — Symptoms and Differential Diagnosis

Intussusception occurs when a distal segment of bowel telescopes into the lumen of proximal bowel. This can happen at any age, but is most common in infants between three and eighteen months. It is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in three months of age to six year old children. This article gives you brief information about the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric intussusception.

Baby Colic (Infantile Colic) — Symptoms and Treatment

Pediatric colic is a very common symptom that occurs in infants during the first few months of life, and tends to disappear by the fourth month. Its causes are poorly understood and there are various theories explaining it as a reaction to food allergies, parental stress, gastrointestinal immaturity, maternal smoking and other factors. This article gives an overview of the condition with its epidemiology, etiology, symptom, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment.

Acute Abdominal Pain in Children — Differential Diagnosis

Acute abdominal pain is a common symptom in the pediatric population. As with adults, surgical causes must be excluded, but in children there is greater urgency due to lower physiological reserves. Being aware of the differential diagnoses of acute abdominal pain in children, both surgical and medical, is important knowledge for students, in addition to details about the assessment and management of key conditions.

Duodenal Atresia — Symptoms and Treatment

Duodenal atresia is one of the most common inborn defects of the digestive system, namely of the intestine, that is often associated with other congenital malformations and genetic pathologies (21 trisomy). The frequency of occurrence of this disorder is affected by the hypoxia of the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy and is caused by severe chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, stress, diabetes, drug and alcohol abuse during pregnancy. Nowadays, duodenal atresia is one of the most common congenital defects in the neonates. Moreover, it is well-diagnosed and curable in most of the cases, if timely detected and not neglected.

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Pediatric GI Pathology

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Your Educators of course Pediatric GI Pathology

Carlo Raj, MD

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