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Pediatric allergic proctocolitis is considered an IgE-mediated allergic reaction to dietary proteins; most commonly is Cow’s milk protein, which represents about 50-65% of the cases. It's a frequent, significant cause of infant colitis. This article explains the main clinic-patho-physiological aspects of the disease.

Pediatric Meconium Ileus — Signs and Symptoms

Meconium originates from the Greek word “mekonion” which stands for poppy. The nomenclature attests to the tarry, black appearance of meconium which resembles raw opium preparation. Meconium ileus implies the presence of an intestinal obstruction in-utero or in neonatal period secondary to abnormally thick meconium. This article expatiates on patho-physiological aspects of meconium ileus and expounds on clinical features of the same. The article concludes with treatment, complications and prognosis of meconium ileus.

Pediatric Vomiting and Diarrhea

Pediatric gastrointestinal disturbances are common, often simple to manage and yet, unfortunately, life threatening in some instances. Sometimes, seemingly innocuous vomiting can be a harbinger of a serious underlying disease. This article expounds on various patho-physiological aspects of pediatric vomiting and diarrhea, and expatiates on the rapid aggressive treatment of accompanying dehydration.

Pediatric Constipation and Encopresis — Diagnosis and Treatment

Constipation is a very frequent, rather tantalizing presentation in the pediatric population. One needs to be wary of organic causes of constipation and treat the same judiciously. This article expatiates on pediatric constipation and encopresis.

Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) — Causes and Symptoms

Pyloric stenosis, also known as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), is a condition that is characterized by pyloric muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which leads to gastric outlet obstruction. Infants usually present in their third week of life with repeated, projectile vomiting, that is often associated by an abdominal olive-like palpable mass. The clinical picture is usually enough to make the diagnosis, but ultrasonography can help confirm the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis in most of the patients. Surgical correction with pyloromyotomy is the treatment of choice.

Hirschsprung Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon) — Symptoms and Causes

Pediatric Hirschsprung Disease occurs when there is an absence of the ganglionic layer in the myenteric layer of the anus and the submucosa of the colon. This leads to the failure of relaxation of the colon, delayed passage of meconium, abdominal distension and constipation. Laboratory investigations are helpful if the patient develops enterocolitis where leukocytosis might be evident. Barium enema studies and histologic examination of biopsies confirm the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease, and surgical resection of the aganglionic part of the colon is the current treatment of choice.

Pediatric Appendicitis — Symptoms and Surgery

Appendicitis is considered a serious surgical emergency in medicine, therefore early diagnosis and management is important to a successful outcome and preventing serious complications as gangrene and perforation. This article will describe the incidence of appendicitis the younger children, and how can be diagnosed and managed.

Intussusception — Symptoms and Differential Diagnosis

Intussusception occurs when a distal segment of bowel telescopes into the lumen of proximal bowel. This can happen at any age, but is most common in infants between three and eighteen months. It is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in three months of age to six year old children. This article gives you brief information about the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric intussusception.

Baby Colic (Infantile Colic) — Symptoms and Treatment

Pediatric colic is a very common symptom that occurs in infants during the first few months of life, and tends to disappear by the fourth month. Its causes are poorly understood and there are various theories explaining it as a reaction to food allergies, parental stress, gastrointestinal immaturity, maternal smoking and other factors. This article gives an overview of the condition with its epidemiology, etiology, symptom, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment.

Acute Abdominal Pain in Children — Differential Diagnosis

Acute abdominal pain is a common symptom in the pediatric population. As with adults, surgical causes must be excluded, but in children there is greater urgency due to lower physiological reserves. Being aware of the differential diagnoses of acute abdominal pain in children, both surgical and medical, is important knowledge for students, in addition to details about the assessment and management of key conditions. Differential diagnosis can be accurately assessed by the age of the child.

Duodenal Atresia — Symptoms and Treatment

Duodenal atresia is one of the most common inborn defects of the digestive system, namely of the intestine, that is often associated with other congenital malformations and genetic pathologies (21 trisomy). The frequency of occurrence of this disorder is affected by the hypoxia of the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy and is caused by severe chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, stress, diabetes, drug and alcohol abuse during pregnancy. Nowadays, duodenal atresia is one of the most common congenital defects in the neonates. Moreover, it is well-diagnosed and curable in most of the cases, if timely detected and not neglected.

Pediatric Vomiting 02:23 min

Pediatric Vomiting 2 questions

Pediatric Vomiting 1 article
Pediatric Diarrhea 08:20 min

Pediatric Diarrhea 8 questions

Pediatric Diarrhea 1 article
Pediatric Constipation and Pediatric Encopresis – Pedriatics 05:31 min

Pediatric Constipation and Pediatric Encopresis – Pedriatics 5 questions

Pediatric Constipation and Pediatric Encopresis – Pedriatics 1 article
Pediatric Duodenal Atresia 05:55 min

Pediatric Duodenal Atresia 5 questions

Pediatric Duodenal Atresia 1 article
Pediatric Hirschsprung Disease 05:13 min

Pediatric Hirschsprung Disease 5 questions

Pediatric Hirschsprung Disease 1 article
Pediatric Meconium Ileus 01:33 min

Pediatric Meconium Ileus 1 question

Pediatric Meconium Ileus 1 article
Pediatric Pyloric Stenosis 02:18 min

Pediatric Pyloric Stenosis 5 questions

Pediatric Pyloric Stenosis 1 article
Pediatric Colic 04:48 min

Pediatric Colic 4 questions

Pediatric Colic 1 article
Pediatric Intussusception 04:14 min

Pediatric Intussusception 5 questions

Pediatric Intussusception 1 article
Diagnosis of Pediatric Acute Abdominal Pain 04:00 min

Diagnosis of Pediatric Acute Abdominal Pain 0 questions

Diagnosis of Pediatric Acute Abdominal Pain 1 article
Pediatric Appendicitis 03:13 min

Pediatric Appendicitis 2 questions

Pediatric Appendicitis 1 article
Pediatric Allergic Proctocolitis 01:36 min

Pediatric Allergic Proctocolitis 0 questions

Pediatric Allergic Proctocolitis 1 article

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Pediatric GI Pathology

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Your Educators of course Pediatric GI Pathology

Carlo Raj, MD

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