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Medicamentos Antipalúdicos

Medicamentos Antipalúdicos

La malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria, una enfermedad parasitaria transmitida por vectores causada por Plasmodium Plasmodium A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are plasmodium falciparum; plasmodium malariae; plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium vivax. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: plasmodium berghei; plasmodium chabaudi; p. Vinckei, and plasmodium yoelii in rodents; p. Brasilianum, plasmodium cynomolgi; and plasmodium knowlesi in monkeys; and plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens. Antimalarial Drugs spp., se transmite a través de la inyección de esporozoitos o formas inmaduras del parásito en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el torrente sanguíneo de una persona. Luego, los LOS Neisseria esporozoítos infectan los LOS Neisseria hepatocitos y se diferencian en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum esquizontes, que posteriormente se rompen y los LOS Neisseria merozoítos invaden los LOS Neisseria eritrocitos. Como tal TAL Renal Sodium and Water Regulation, la farmacoterapia para la malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria se dirige a las formas de esquizontes exoeritrocíticos y eritrocíticos. En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum conjunto, estos medicamentos se clasifican como esquizonticidas.

Last updated: Mar 28, 2025

Editorial responsibility: Stanley Oiseth, Lindsay Jones, Evelin Maza

Contents

Ciclo de Vida y Profilaxis de los Plasmodios

Medicamentos antipalúdicos del ciclo de vida de Plasmodium

Ciclo de vida del plasmodio

Imagen por Lecturio.

El tratamiento de la malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria está dirigido a diferentes estadios del ciclo de vida del Plasmodium Plasmodium A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are plasmodium falciparum; plasmodium malariae; plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium vivax. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: plasmodium berghei; plasmodium chabaudi; p. Vinckei, and plasmodium yoelii in rodents; p. Brasilianum, plasmodium cynomolgi; and plasmodium knowlesi in monkeys; and plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens. Antimalarial Drugs:

  • Estadio hepático humano: tratado con esquizonticidas tisulares
  • Estadio en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum sangre humana: tratado con esquizonticidas sanguíneos
  • Estadio de gametocito: tratado con gametocidas
  • Estadios latentes del hígado humano: se pueden formar hipnozoítos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las infecciones por P. ovale P. ovale A species of protozoan parasite causing malaria. It is the rarest of the four species of Plasmodium infecting humans, but is common in West african countries and neighboring areas. Plasmodium/Malaria y P. vivax P. vivax A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria. This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions. Plasmodium/Malaria y se atacan con primaquina o tafenoquina

El tratamiento consta de 3 pasos:

  1. Identificación de las especies de Plasmodium Plasmodium A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are plasmodium falciparum; plasmodium malariae; plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium vivax. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: plasmodium berghei; plasmodium chabaudi; p. Vinckei, and plasmodium yoelii in rodents; p. Brasilianum, plasmodium cynomolgi; and plasmodium knowlesi in monkeys; and plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens. Antimalarial Drugs infectantes
    • P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria es el más grave; puede causar anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types y malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria cerebral
  2. Identificación de la susceptibilidad a medicamentos del Plasmodium Plasmodium A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are plasmodium falciparum; plasmodium malariae; plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium vivax. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: plasmodium berghei; plasmodium chabaudi; p. Vinckei, and plasmodium yoelii in rodents; p. Brasilianum, plasmodium cynomolgi; and plasmodium knowlesi in monkeys; and plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens. Antimalarial Drugs infectante
    • Determinado por el origen geográfico de la infección
  3. Estado clínico del paciente
    • Evitar el mismo medicamento para el tratamiento si se utilizó profilácticamente

Profilaxis y prevención de la malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria

  • Los LOS Neisseria regímenes profilácticos del Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) se basan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la región geográfica del viajero.
  • Los LOS Neisseria viajeros deben consultar las pautas locales (variarán de un país a otro y con las estaciones)
  • Principios de prevención
    • Cloroquina: para zonas sin P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria resistente a la cloroquina (p. ej., zonas del Caribe, poco frecuente debido a la resistencia generalizada)
    • Atovacuona-proguanil, doxiciclina, mefloquina o tafenoquina: para zonas con P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria resistente a la cloroquina
    • Primaquina o tafenoquina: para la profilaxis terminal de P. vivax P. vivax A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria. This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions. Plasmodium/Malaria y P. ovale P. ovale A species of protozoan parasite causing malaria. It is the rarest of the four species of Plasmodium infecting humans, but is common in West african countries and neighboring areas. Plasmodium/Malaria

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Esquizonticidas Sanguíneos, Esquizonticidas Tisulares y Gametocidas

Esquizonticidas sanguíneos

  • Cloroquina
    • Mecanismo de acción: previene la polimerización del hemo y el hemo intracelular es tóxico para el parásito
    • Debido a la resistencia generalizada, ya no es el tratamiento de primera línea en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mayoría de las regiones y está siendo reemplazado por terapias combinadas basadas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum artemisinina.
    • Mecanismo de resistencia:
      • Los LOS Neisseria plasmodios desarrollan transportadores de membrana para expulsar el hemo intracelular.
      • P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria desarrolla un transportador para la cloroquina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum sí, codificado por el gen transportador de cloroquina de P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria (pfcrt)
    • Efectos secundarios a dosis bajas:
      • Trastornos gastrointestinales (GI) (náuseas, cólicos abdominales, diarrea)
      • Erupción cutánea
      • Cefaleas
    • Efectos secundarios a dosis altas:
      • Reacciones cutáneas graves
      • Neuropatías periféricas, psicosis tóxica, daño retiniano y auditivo
      • Depresión miocárdica
      • Puede precipitar ataques de porfiria
  • Quinina
    • Mecanismo de acción: se combina con el ADNds, evita la separación de las cadenas, bloquea la replicación y la transcripción
    • Se utiliza en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria resistente a la cloroquina
    • A menudo combinado con doxiciclina o clindamicina, se utiliza para acortar la duración y limitar la toxicidad
    • Toxicidad:
      • Cinconismo (malestar GI, cefalea, vértigo, visión borrosa, tinnitus Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; intracranial hypertension; craniocerebral trauma; and other conditions. Cranial Nerve Palsies)
      • Hemólisis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes con deficiencia de G6PD G6PD Pentose Phosphate Pathway
      • Fiebre de aguas negras (hemólisis intravascular)
  • Mefloquina
    • Químicamente relacionada con la quinina
    • Mecanismo de acción: crea partículas de hemo tóxicas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las vacuolas alimentarias
    • Agente de primera línea: tomado semanalmente (4 semanas antes y 1 semana después)
    • Toxicidad:
      • Molestias gastrointestinales, erupción cutánea, cefalea, mareo
      • Pesadillas
      • Puede causar defectos de conducción cardíaca y convulsiones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum dosis altas

Esquizonticidas tisulares

  • Primaquina
    • Esquizonticida y gametocida tisular
    • Se utiliza junto con un esquizonticida sanguíneo
    • Mecanismo de acción: forma metabolitos de quinolina-quinona que actúan como oxidantes
    • Elimina las etapas latentes del hígado (hipnozoítos) de P. vivax P. vivax A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria. This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions. Plasmodium/Malaria y P. ovale P. ovale A species of protozoan parasite causing malaria. It is the rarest of the four species of Plasmodium infecting humans, but is common in West african countries and neighboring areas. Plasmodium/Malaria
    • Toxicidad:
      • Molestias gastrointestinales
      • Cefalea
      • Metahemoglobinemia
    • Contraindicaciones: embarazo y deficiencia de G6PD G6PD Pentose Phosphate Pathway
  • Tafenoquina
    • Curación radical con dosis única ( en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum comparación con el régimen de 14 días de primaquina)
    • Vida media prolongada: ~15 días
    • Mecanismo: incierto, más estable que la primaquina (metabolitos activos no completamente caracterizados)
    • Toxicidad: similar a la primaquina
    • Contraindicaciones: embarazo y deficiencia de G6PD G6PD Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Gametocidas

  • Eliminan las etapas sexuales y previenen la transmisión a los LOS Neisseria mosquitos

Gametocida + esquizonticida:

  • Quinina: gametocida contra P. vivax P. vivax A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria. This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions. Plasmodium/Malaria y ovale
  • Primaquina: gametocida contra P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria, malariae, ovale y vivax

Artemisininas y Medicamentos Antifolatos

Artemisininas

  • Esquizonticidas sanguíneos
  • No se utilizan como monoterapia para prevenir la resistencia
  • Únicos medicamentos efectivos contra cepas resistentes a la quinina
  • Mecanismo de acción: se acumulan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las vacuolas alimentarias de los LOS Neisseria protozoos y, una vez metabolizados, liberan radicales libres tóxicos
    • Efectos secundarios poco frecuentes como náuseas, vómitos y diarrea
    • Ningún aumento de problemas congénitos o muertes fetales en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum mujeres que toman estos medicamentos
  • Vidas medias cortas y no se utilizan para la profilaxis de la malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria
  • La OMS recomienda las terapias combinadas basadas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum artemisinina como tratamiento de primera línea para la malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria por P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria no complicada.
    • Ejemplos: artemeter-lumefantrina, artesunato-amodiaquina y artesunato-mefloquina
    • Artesunato IV: tratamiento de elección para la malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria grave
    • La resistencia parcial a la artemisinina se ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia extendido aún más en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el Sudeste Asiático y partes de África Oriental. La atovacuona-proguanil sigue siendo eficaz, pero es necesario mantener la vigilancia.
  • Halofantrina: activa contra las 4 especies palúdicas de Plasmodium Plasmodium A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are plasmodium falciparum; plasmodium malariae; plasmodium ovale, and plasmodium vivax. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: plasmodium berghei; plasmodium chabaudi; p. Vinckei, and plasmodium yoelii in rodents; p. Brasilianum, plasmodium cynomolgi; and plasmodium knowlesi in monkeys; and plasmodium gallinaceum in chickens. Antimalarial Drugs
    • No disponible en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos
    • No recomendada por la CDC debido a eventos cardíacos secundarios
    • Contraindicado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el embarazo
  • Dihidroartemisinina-piperaquina: no disponible en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria Estados Unidos y no recomendado por la CDC debido a la resistencia generalizada

Medicamentos antifolatos

  • Profilaxis y tratamiento de P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria multirresistente
  • Mecanismo de acción: antimetabolitos, bloquean la síntesis de ácido fólico
  • Proguanil Proguanil A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent. Antimalarial Drugs
    • Inhibe la dihidrofolato reductasa de los LOS Neisseria protozoos
    • Utilizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con atovacuona
  • Pirimetamina
    • Inhibe la dihidrofolato reductasa de los LOS Neisseria protozoos
    • La combinación con sulfadoxina (Fansidar®) inhibe tanto la dihidrofolato reductasa como la dihidropteroato sintasa
    • No se utiliza en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria Estados Unidos
  • Sulfonamidas
    • Mecanismo de acción: inhiben la dihidropteroato sintasa
    • Efectos secundarios: erupciones cutáneas, malestar GI, hemólisis, daño renal
    • Sulfadoxina-pirimetamina: no se utiliza en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria Estados Unidos
    • Dapsona: rara vez se utiliza
  • Se puede combinar pirimetamina y sulfadoxina: efectos sinérgicos a través de un bloqueo secuencial
  • Toxicidad:
    • Erupción cutánea, malestar gastrointestinal
    • Contraindicadas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el embarazo

Eritrocidas y Medicamentos Misceláneos

Eritrocidas

  • Atovacuona
    • Malarone® (atovacuona + proguanil Proguanil A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent. Antimalarial Drugs)
    • Se utiliza como tratamiento y como profilaxis una vez al AL Amyloidosis día
    • Es un tratamiento alternativo para la infección por P. jiroveci
    • Mecanismo de acción: interrumpir el transporte de electrones mitocondrial
    • Toxicidad:
      • Dolores abdominales
      • Efectos gastrointestinales
  • Halofantrina
    • Activa contra las formas eritrocíticas de los LOS Neisseria 4 organismos palúdicos
    • No se utiliza como agente quimioprofiláctico.
    • Alto potencial de cardiotoxicidad: prolongación del intervalo QT
    • Embriotóxico: contraindicada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el embarazo

Medicamentos misceláneos

  • Doxiciclina
    • Utilizada para la quimioprofilaxis para viajeros
    • Mecanismo desconocido
  • Amodiaquina
    • Económica
    • Utilizada ampliamente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el mundo en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum vías de desarrollo
    • Se utiliza en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum dosis fijas con artesunato
    • Toxicidad:
      • Agranulocitosis y anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types aplásica

Efectos Secundarios

Medicamento Efectos secundarios
Arteméter-lumefantrina (Coartem®) Cefalea, mareo, anorexia Anorexia The lack or loss of appetite accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder anorexia nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa, náuseas/vómitos, debilidad, artralgia, mialgia
Artesunato Cefalea, mareo, anorexia Anorexia The lack or loss of appetite accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder anorexia nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa, náuseas/vómitos
Atovacuona-proguanil (Malarone®) Dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal, náuseas/vómitos, cefalea, tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum niños
Cloroquina
  • Malestar GI, cefalea, exacerbación de la psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is a common T-cell-mediated inflammatory skin condition. The etiology is unknown, but is thought to be due to genetic inheritance and environmental triggers. There are 4 major subtypes, with the most common form being chronic plaque psoriasis. Psoriasis, toxicidad retiniana, discapacidad visual
  • Pigmentación de la piel a gris-azulada con el uso a largo plazo
  • Se ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia observado miocardiopatía y prolongación del intervalo QT con la terapia a largo plazo
Hidroxicloroquina Molestias gastrointestinales, cefalea, erupción cutánea, cambios visuales
Doxiciclina Fotosensibilidad, malestar gastrointestinal (mitigado al AL Amyloidosis tomarlo con alimentos), decoloración permanente de los LOS Neisseria dientes en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum niños <8 años
Mefloquina
  • Malestar gastrointestinal, erupción cutánea, cefalea, mareo
  • Efectos psiquiátricos: pesadillas, ansiedad, depresión
  • Defectos de conducción cardiaca
  • Convulsiones a dosis altas
Primaquina Molestias gastrointestinales, cefalea, metahemoglobinemia, hemólisis (debido a la deficiencia de G6PD G6PD Pentose Phosphate Pathway)
Quinidina
  • Hemólisis (deficiencia de G6PD G6PD Pentose Phosphate Pathway)
  • Cinconismo (síndrome de náuseas, vómitos, tinnitus Tinnitus A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; intracranial hypertension; craniocerebral trauma; and other conditions. Cranial Nerve Palsies y vértigo)
  • Hipoglucemia (liberación de insulina inducida por quinina)
  • Fiebre de aguas negras: anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types poco común de hemólisis masiva con orina de color “Coca-Cola”
Tafenoquina
  • Mareo, náuseas/vómitos, cefalea
  • Raramente se observan efectos psiquiátricos ( en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ≤ 3% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes): somnolencia, ansiedad, sueños anormales, depresión

Descripción General

Medicamento Clasificación Mecanismo de acción Indicaciones Contraindicaciones
Arteméter-lumefantrina (Coartem®)
  • Esquizonticida sanguíneo
  • Combinación de artemisinina y alcohol arílico
 Metabolizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vacuola alimentaria plasmodial a radicales libres tóxicos
  • Tratamiento del paludismo por P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria no complicado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes que pesan ≥ 5 kg
  • Tratamiento del paludismo grave tras la administración de artesunato intravenoso
Artesunato
  • Esquizonticida sanguíneo
  • Artemisinina
 Metabolizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vacuola alimentaria plasmodial a radicales libres tóxicos
  • Tratamiento de primera línea para la malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria grave en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria Estados Unidos (recomendado por la CDC, no aprobado por la FDA)
  • Tratamiento de 3 días de 4 dosis IV iguales de 2,4 mg/kg
  • Seguido de uno de los LOS Neisseria siguientes:
    1. Arteméter-lumefantrina
    2. Atovacuona-proguanil
    3. Doxiciclina
    4. Clindamicina
    5. Mefloquina (si no existen otras opciones)
 Hipersensibilidad conocida a las artemisininas
Atovacuona-proguanil (Malarone®)
  • Esquizonticida sanguíneo
  • Esquizonticida tisular
  • Antagonista de quinona-folato
  • La atovacuona inhibe la cadena de transporte de electrones de los LOS Neisseria plasmodios
  • Proguanil Proguanil A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent. Antimalarial Drugs inhibe la DHFR y bloquea la síntesis de ADN plasmodial
  • Profilaxis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum todas las zonas
  • Se ingiere con leche o comida alta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum grasas para ayudar a la absorción
 Insuficiencia renal grave (ClCr <30 ml/minuto)
Cloroquina
  • Esquizonticida sanguíneo
  • 4-Aminoquinolina
 Entra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las vacuolas alimentarias del plasmodio e interrumpe la polimerización del grupo hemo Profilaxis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum zonas con paludismo sensible a la cloroquina
  • Cambios retinales o visuales
  • Precaución en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes con porfirias, psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is a common T-cell-mediated inflammatory skin condition. The etiology is unknown, but is thought to be due to genetic inheritance and environmental triggers. There are 4 major subtypes, with the most common form being chronic plaque psoriasis. Psoriasis, convulsiones, deficiencia auditiva preexistente
Hidroxicloroquina Esquizonticida sanguíneo Hipersensibilidad conocida a los LOS Neisseria derivados de 4-Aminoquinolonas
Doxiciclina
  • Tetraciclina
  • Esquizonticida sanguíneo
 Inhibe la síntesis de proteínas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el apicoplasto plasmodial
  • Profilaxis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum todas las zonas
  • Tratamiento con quinina
  • Niños <8 años
  • Embarazo o lactancia
Mefloquina
  • Esquizonticida sanguíneo
  • Metanol de quinolina
 Entra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las vacuolas alimentarias del plasmodio e interrumpe la polimerización del grupo hemo Profilaxis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum zonas con malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria sensible a la cloroquina o zonas resistentes a la cloroquina
  • Antecedentes de convulsiones
  • Desórdenes psiquiátricos
Primaquina
  • Esquizonticida tisular, incluidos los LOS Neisseria hipnozoítos
  • 8-Aminoquinolina
  • Forma metabolitos de quinolina-quinona que actúan como oxidantes
  • Gametocida contra P. falciparum P. falciparum A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria. It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium/Malaria, malariae, ovale y vivax
 Profilaxis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum zonas predominantes de P. vivax P. vivax A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria. This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions. Plasmodium/Malaria
  • Tratamiento para la terapia presuntiva antirrecaída de P. ovale P. ovale A species of protozoan parasite causing malaria. It is the rarest of the four species of Plasmodium infecting humans, but is common in West african countries and neighboring areas. Plasmodium/Malaria y P. vivax P. vivax A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria. This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions. Plasmodium/Malaria
  • Junto con cloroquina (esquizonticida sanguíneo)
  • Tomado durante 14 días después de salir de la zona de malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria
Quinidina IV
  • Esquizonticida sanguíneo
  • Metanol de quinolina
  • No se comprende del todo
  • Acción esquizonticida en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria eritrocitos parasitados
    		• Descontinuado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria Estados Unidos
    Quinina
    • Esquizonticida sanguíneo
    • Metanol de quinolina
    • Interfiere con la polimerización del hemo
    • Gametocida contra P. vivax P. vivax A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria. This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions. Plasmodium/Malaria y P. ovale P. ovale A species of protozoan parasite causing malaria. It is the rarest of the four species of Plasmodium infecting humans, but is common in West african countries and neighboring areas. Plasmodium/Malaria
    • Tratamiento del paludismo sensible a la cloroquina no complicado
    • Sulfato de quinina oral MÁS:
      • Doxiciclina
      • Tetraciclina
      • Clindamicina (preferida en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el primer trimestre del embarazo)
    • Intervalo QT prolongado
    • Miastenia gravis
    • Neuritis óptica
    Tafenoquina
    • Esquizonticida tisular y sanguíneo, incluidos los LOS Neisseria hipnozoítos
    • Gametocida
    • Derivado de 8-Aminoquinolina
    		 Interfiere con la polimerización del hemo Profilaxis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum todas las zonas
    • Tratamiento de la terapia presuntiva antirrecaída de P. ovale P. ovale A species of protozoan parasite causing malaria. It is the rarest of the four species of Plasmodium infecting humans, but is common in West african countries and neighboring areas. Plasmodium/Malaria y P. vivax P. vivax A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria. This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions. Plasmodium/Malaria
    • Administrado como una dosis única después de salir de la zona de malaria Malaria Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting humans and other animals. Most commonly transmitted via the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with microorganisms of the Plasmodium genus. Patients present with fever, chills, myalgia, headache, and diaphoresis. Plasmodium/Malaria

    Referencias

    1. Yang, A. S. P., Dutta, D., Kretzschmar, K., et al. (2023). Development of Plasmodium falciparum liver-stages in hepatocytes derived from human fetal liver organoid cultures. Nature Communications, 14, 4631. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40298-7
    2. World Health Organization. (2015). Guidelines for the treatment of malaria (3rd ed.). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/162441/9789241549127_eng.pdf?sequence=1
    3. Travassos, M., & Laufer, M. K. (2024). Antimalarial drugs: An overview. In J. Daily (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved March 28, 2025, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antimalarial-drugs-an-overview 
    4. Rao, S. S., Vaidya, K. A., & Sharma, A. K. (2023). An observational study comparing the effects of chloroquine and artemisinin-based combination therapy on hematological recovery in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47127 
    5. Zekar, L., & Sharman, T. (2023). Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved March 28, 2025, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555962/
    6. Watson, J. A., Commons, R. J., Tarning, J., Simpson, J. A., Llanos Cuentas, A., Lacerda, M. V. G., Green, J. A., Koh, G. C. K., Chu, C. S., Nosten, F. H., Price, R. N., Day, N. P. J., & White, N. J. (2022). The clinical pharmacology of tafenoquine in the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria: An individual patient data meta-analysis. eLife, 11, e83433. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.83433
    7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). CDC Yellow Book 2024: Health Information for International Travel. Oxford University Press. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home
    8. World Health Organization. (2023). World malaria report 2023. https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2023
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