Acumulaciones Celulares

Descripción General

Acumulaciones intracelulares

• Etiología:
  • Trastorno metabólico
  • Anomalía intrínseca de la función celular (enfermedad genética)
  • Fuente exógena
• Efecto: Las sustancias que se acumulan pueden o no ser perjudiciales.

Mecanismos

• Metabolismo anormal:
  • Sustancia normal producida → defecto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el empaquetamiento y el transporte → acumulación de sustancias
  • Se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado graso (aumento de las partículas lipídicas)
• Plegado y transporte anormal de proteínas:
  • Se produce una sustancia anormal (proteínas mal plegadas) → sobrepasa la reparación → se acumula en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el retículo endoplásmico
  • Se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la deficiencia de ɑ-1 antitripsina
• Carencia de enzimas:
  • Sustrato → fracaso en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la conversión al AL Amyloidosis producto final (sin enzima) → aumento de la cantidad de sustrato
  • Se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la enfermedad de almacenamiento lisosómico
• Deposición de un material exógeno o de una sustancia no digerible:
  • Sustancia exógena → célula sin capacidad de degradación o transporte → acumulación
  • Se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la silicosis Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of silicon dioxide, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic. Pneumoconiosis (sílice) y la antracosis (carbón)

Pigmentos

Pigmentos exógenos

Pigmentos procedentes del exterior del cuerpo:

• Tatuajes: pigmentos fagocitados por los LOS Neisseria macrófagos, a menudo sin respuesta inflamatoria
• Carbón o polvo de carbón:
  • Pigmento antracótico o de carbón: restos carbonosos procedentes de la vida urbana, la minería del carbón y el tabaquismo
  • Asociado a la antracosis, acumulación de pigmento negro en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria pulmones
  • Neumoconiosis del trabajador del carbón: enfermedad pulmonar fibrótica que se desarrolla por la reacción al AL Amyloidosis polvo de carbón acumulado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria pulmones

Pigmentos endógenos

Los LOS Neisseria pigmentos endógenos se sintetizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el organismo.

Lipofuscina o lipocromo:

• Desgaste o envejecimiento del pigmento
• Derivado de la peroxidación de lípidos y se acumula en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria lisosomas
• Se encuentra más comúnmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el corazón y el hígado
• Atrofia marrón: Cantidades significativas de lipofuscina confieren una decoloración marrón al AL Amyloidosis órgano afectado.
• Morfología microscópica: gránulos de pigmento amarillo-marrón que a menudo rodean el núcleo

Hemosiderosis Hemosiderosis Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the mononuclear phagocyte system, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin. Cellular Accumulations (hierro):

• Acumulación de hemosiderina, una forma de almacenamiento de hierro, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria macrófagos sin efectos secundarios
• Fisiología del hierro:
  • El hierro tiene dos formas de almacenamiento: la ferritina y la hemosiderina
  • ↑ Hierro → ferritina forma gránulos de hemosiderina (pigmento de hemosiderina = agregados de micelas de ferritina).
• Morfología microscópica: la hemosiderina se tiñe positivamente con azul de Prusia
• Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
  • Hematoma Hematoma A collection of blood outside the blood vessels. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue. Intussusception local o células sanguíneas extravasadas al AL Amyloidosis lugar de la lesión
  • Múltiples transfusiones (sobrecarga de hierro exógeno)
  • Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types hemolítica (la lisis de los LOS Neisseria glóbulos rojos libera hierro)
  • Defecto genético del metabolismo del hierro (hemocromatosis)

Hemocromatosis (hierro):

• El hierro se acumula en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el parénquima debido a la excesiva absorción de hierro.
• Asociada a efectos secundarios
• Tipos:
  • Hereditaria: debido a la mutación de genes Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. DNA Types and Structure
  • Secundaria: debido a la administración parenteral de hierro (e.g., transfusiones)
• Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
  • Hígado: cirrosis
  • Piel: pigmentación anormal (especialmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las zonas expuestas al AL Amyloidosis sol)
  • Páncreas: diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus
  • Corazón: cardiomiopatía, arritmias
  • Articulaciones: sinovitis
• Morfología microscópica: gránulos de color amarillo-marrón

Interacciones mitocondria-lisosoma:

Los LOS Neisseria lisosomas y las mitocondrias mantienen una comunicación bidireccional esencial para mantener la homeostasis Homeostasis The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable. Cell Injury and Death celular. La disfunción en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cualquiera de los LOS Neisseria orgánulos puede contribuir a patologías relacionadas con la acumulación:

• La acidificación lisosomal alterada provoca la retención de hierro en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria lisosomas, lo que resulta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum una deficiencia funcional de hierro.
• La disfunción mitocondrial promueve la acumulación de orgánulos dañados y proteínas oxidadas.
• La vía PINK1/Parkin regula la mitofagia; las mutaciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum esta vía provocan la acumulación de mitocondrias disfuncionales.

Bilirrubina:

• Compuesto de color amarillo-anaranjado producido por la descomposición del grupo hemo de los LOS Neisseria eritrocitos
• Hemo → biliverdina (“bilis verde”) → bilirrubina (“bilis roja”)
• Conjugada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado y excretada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la bilis
• Ictericia: coloración amarilla de las mucosas y la piel por acumulación de bilirrubina
• Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
  • Enfermedad hepática o biliar (bilirrubina conjugada)
  • Hemólisis (bilirrubina no conjugada)

Melanina:

• Pigmento marrón-negro formado por los LOS Neisseria melanocitos y transferido a los LOS Neisseria queratinocitos
• Síntesis: oxidación de la tirosina a dopaquinona, catalizada por la tirosina quinasa
• Principales formas de melanina:
  • Eumelanina (marrón/negro): propiedad de protección más fuerte contra la radiación ultravioleta (UV)
  • Feomelanina (amarillo/naranja): menor protección UV, produce radicales libres y contribuye al AL Amyloidosis estrés oxidativo
  • Neuromelanina: se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el cerebro
• Correlación clínica:
  • Acumulaciones benignas (pecas, lunares): nevus Nevus Nevi (singular nevus), also known as “moles,” are benign neoplasms of the skin. Nevus is a non-specific medical term because it encompasses both congenital and acquired lesions, hyper- and hypopigmented lesions, and raised or flat lesions. Nevus/Nevi
  • Individuos o poblaciones de piel clara que viven más lejos del ecuador: mayor cantidad de feomelanina, mayor riesgo de carcinogénesis

Acumulación del Calcio

Calcificación metastásica

• Depósito de calcio en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum tejidos normales o anormales debido a hipercalcemia
• Hipercalcemia:
  • Exceso de hormona paratiroidea (PTH, según sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) o hiperparatiroidismo:
    • Tumores paratiroideos
    • Tumores malignos que secretan la proteína relacionada con la PTH
  • Hiperparatiroidismo secundario por enfermedad renal (debido a la retención de fosfato)
  • Resorción del tejido óseo:
    • Inmovilización
    • Metástasis ósea
    • Aumento del recambio óseo (enfermedad de Paget)
    • Tumores malignos de la médula ósea (mieloma múltiple, leucemia)
  • Trastornos de la vitamina D (intoxicación por vitamina D, sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease that causes noncaseating granulomas. The exact etiology is unknown. Sarcoidosis usually affects the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes, but it can also affect almost every system in the body, including the skin, heart, and eyes, most commonly. Sarcoidosis)
• Afecta a las células secretoras de ácido (el entorno alcalino predispone a la calcificación metastásica):
  • Mucosa gástrica
  • Pulmones
  • Riñones (nefrocalcinosis)
  • Arterias sistémicas
  • Venas pulmonares

Calcificación distrófica

• Deposición de calcio en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum tejidos anormales (necróticos) con niveles normales de calcio
• Morfología macroscópica: gránulos o depósitos duros y amarillentos
• Morfología microscópica:
  • Sales de calcio: basófilas, aspecto granular amorfo
  • Cuerpos de psammoma: estructuras laminares concéntricas por acumulación de calcio ( en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el cáncer papilar de tiroides, meningioma Meningioma Meningiomas are slow-growing tumors that arise from the meninges of the brain and spinal cord. The vast majority are benign. These tumors commonly occur in individuals with a history of high doses of skull radiation, head trauma, and neurofibromatosis 2. Meningioma, cistadenocarcinoma seroso papilar de ovario)
• Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
  • Vasos sanguíneos (ateromas de aterosclerosis)
  • Válvulas cardíacas dañadas
  • envejecimiento
  • Infecciones (e.g., tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. Felines are the definitive host, but transmission to humans can occur through contact with cat feces or the consumption of contaminated foods. The clinical presentation and complications depend on the host’s immune status. Toxoplasma/Toxoplasmosis)

Acumulación de Proteínas

Morfología microscópica

• Eosinofílica
• Agregados intracelulares, vacuolas o gotitas

Causas

• Aumento de la reabsorción de proteínas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el túbulo renal proximal:
  • Afecta a los LOS Neisseria riñones ( proteinuria Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of kidney diseases. Nephrotic Syndrome in Children en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el síndrome nefrótico)
  • Más fugas de proteínas a través del filtrado glomerular, más proteínas reabsorbidas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum vesículas
  • Morfología microscópica: gotas hialinas de color rosa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el citoplasma de los LOS Neisseria túbulos
• Aumento de la producción de proteínas:
  • Abundante síntesis de inmunoglobulinas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células plasmáticas → acumulación de proteínas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el retículo endoplásmico → cuerpos de Russell
• Aumento de las proteínas del citoesqueleto:
  • Proteínas del citoesqueleto:
    • Dan soporte a la membrana plasmática y a la organización de los LOS Neisseria organelos
    • Microtúbulos, filamentos de actina, filamentos de miosina o filamentos intermedios
  • Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
    • Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Uno de los LOS Neisseria rasgos distintivos es el ovillo neurofibrilar (proteínas tau asociadas a microtúbulos).
    • Enfermedad hepática alcohólica: presenta hialina alcohólica o hialina de Mallory, una inclusión citoplasmática (formada por filamentos intermedios de queratina)
• Defecto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el transporte intracelular y en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la secreción de proteínas:
  • Deficiencia de ɑ-1 antitripsina: La mutación genética conduce a un mal plegamiento de la ɑ-1antitripsina.
  • La ɑ-1antitripsina anormal se acumula en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el retículo endoplásmico del hígado → cirrosis
  • Falta de ɑ-1antitripsina funcional → daño alveolar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria pulmones
• Proteínas anormales (enfermedades de agregación de las proteínas):
  • Deposición de proteínas mal plegadas que alteran las funciones de los LOS Neisseria tejidos mediante múltiples mecanismos
  • Puede ser intracelular y/o extracelular
  • Forman interacciones complejas con otras proteínas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum trastornos neurodegenerativos.
  • A menudo implican sistemas de control de calidad deficientes, como el sistema ubiquitina-proteasoma y la autofagia.
  • Amiloidosis:
    • Depósito extracelular de amiloide, una proteína fibrilar insoluble
    • El amiloide se tiñe de rosa o rojo en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la tinción de rojo Congo y posee birrefringencia verde manzana bajo luz polarizada.

Interacciones de Proteinopatías Múltiples

Evidencia reciente sugiere que las proteínas patológicas pueden interactuar e influir en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la agregación de las demás:

• Tau y β-amiloide se coagregan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las sinapsis en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la enfermedad de Alzheimer, lo que aumenta la neurotoxicidad.
• La α-sinucleína y la tau muestran capacidad de propagación cruzada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la enfermedad de Parkinson y trastornos relacionados.
• Las proteinopatías coexistentes son más comunes con el envejecimiento y se asocian con el genotipo APOE4.

Acumulación de Lípidos

Triglicéridos

• Cambio graso o esteatosis
  • Representa una lesión reversible o una anormalidad en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el metabolismo de las grasas
  • Órganos afectados:
    • Hígado (órgano principal del metabolismo de las grasas)
    • Riñón
    • Corazón
    • Músculo esquelético
  • Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
    • Hígado graso: asociado al AL Amyloidosis abuso de alcohol y a la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica
    • Otros: lesión por toxinas, diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus, anoxia, obesidad, síndrome metabólico, enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica (HEPAM, anteriormente enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico)
• Morfología macroscópica: decoloración amarilla del órgano
• Morfología microscópica:
  • Vacuolas de contenido lipídico dentro de las células
  • Las vacuolas tienen bordes bien definidos.

Colesterol

• Se acumula en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células fagocíticas debido a la sobrecarga de lípidos
• Morfología microscópica: vacuolas intracelulares
• Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
  • Aterosclerosis
    • Placa aterosclerótica: acumulación de colesterol, visto como vacuolas, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células musculares lisas de la íntima y en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria macrófagos
  • Xantomas
    • Placas o nódulos de colesterol intracelular en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tejido conectivo subepitelial de la piel y los LOS Neisseria tendones
    • Se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el metabolismo lipídico alterado
  • Colesterolosis
    • Macrófagos cargados de colesterol o células espumosas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la lámina propia de la vesícula biliar
    • Coexiste frecuentemente con cálculos biliares de colesterol
  • Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick, tipo C
    • Enfermedad autosómica recesiva de almacenamiento lisosómico debido a mutaciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum NPC1 o NPC2
    • Deterioro del transporte de colesterol fuera del lisosoma
    • Asociado a una enfermedad progresiva del sistema nervioso central

Fosfolípidos

• Se liberan de las membranas celulares dañadas por lesiones celulares
• Figuras de mielina (fosfolípidos verticales):
  • Se acumulan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el citosol
  • Se degradan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ácidos grasos o fagocitada cuando la célula muere

Acumulación de Glucógeno

• Glucógeno: normalmente se almacena en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado y en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria músculos esqueléticos
• Depósitos excesivos de glucógeno dentro de las células, se encuentra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
  • Anomalías del metabolismo de la glucosa ( diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus, resistencia a la insulina)
  • Enfermedad por almacenamiento de glucógeno:
    • Más de 15 tipos distintos con deficiencias enzimáticas específicas
    • La mayoría de las EDG son resultado de variantes patogénicas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum genes Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. DNA Types and Structure que codifican enzimas implicadas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la síntesis, degradación o regulación del glucógeno
    • Las presentaciones clínicas varían según el tipo, desde hepatomegalia e hipoglucemia hasta miopatía, miocardiopatía y anomalías del neurodesarrollo
• Morfología microscópica:
  • Glucógeno: vacuolas claras en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el citoplasma
  • Color rosa-violeta cuando se tiñe con carmín de Best o con la reacción de PAS (ácido periódico-Schiff)
  • La diastasa elimina el glucógeno de la sección histológica.
• Órganos afectados: hígado, corazón, músculo esquelético, riñones y páncreas

Cambio Hialino

Descripción

• No es un patrón de acumulación sino un hallazgo histológico que también se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum varias sustancias retenidas
• Puede ser intra o extracelular
• Morfología microscópica: aspecto vidrioso y rosado homogéneo en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la célula (tinción de hematoxilina y eosina)

Hallazgos celulares

• Extracelular
  • Hialinosis arteriolar:
    • Las paredes arteriolares engrosadas muestran un material hialino homogéneo de color rosa.
    • Debido a la fuga de proteínas plasmáticas y a la deposición de material extracelular concéntrico
    • Se observa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la hipertensión y la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus
  • Amiloide
• Intracelular
  • Gotas de reabsorción de proteínas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la proteinuria Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of kidney diseases. Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
  • Cuerpos de Russell
  • Hialina alcohólica (cuerpo de Mallory o hialina)
  • Cuerpos de councilman o cuerpos acidófilos:
    • De la apoptosis Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, I.e., DNA fragmentation. It is genetically-programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Ischemic Cell Damage de hepatocitos (contracción celular, picnosis, cariorrexis y fragmentación celular)
    • Se ve VE Ventilation: Mechanics of Breathing en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la fiebre amarilla, hepatitis