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Nursing Knowledge
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a medical condition characterized by the recurrent use of drugs or alcohol that causes significant clinical and functional impairment. This includes health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home. It is diagnosed based on evidence of impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria like tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.
Substance use disorders are chronic, but treatable medical conditions.
The most commonly abused substances include:
| Substance | Signs of use |
| Alcohol | Euphoria, relaxation, lowered inhibitions, drowsiness, slurred speech |
| Cannabinoids | Euphoria, increased appetite, dry mouth, impaired judgment, slowed reactions |
| Depressants | Slurred speech, mood swings, lack of coordination, dizziness |
| Stimulants | Dilated pupils, irritability, increased energy, decreased appetite, insomnia |
| Opiates | Sedation, slurred speech, constricted pupils, confusion, drowsiness |
| Hallucinogens | Euphoria, hallucinations, bizarre behavior, tremors, altered perception |
No single factor can predict whether a person will develop substance abuse disorder. A combination of genetic, environmental, and developmental factors influences risk for addiction.
Risk factors for substance abuse disorder include:
Healthcare professionals can identify and address substance abuse disorders in their clients by conducting a thorough assessment, including a physical exam, laboratory tests, and a mental health evaluation. They can also use screening tools to identify clients who may be at risk for substance abuse disorder. Treatment options include medication-assisted treatment, behavioral therapy, and support groups.
Substance use occurs on a continuum.
Use → Abuse → Dependence
Effective ways to educate clients about substance abuse and prevent addiction include:
Potential nursing diagnoses for substance use disorder could include:
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