Cesarean Birth or C-section

Cesarean section, also known as C-section, is a surgical procedure to deliver a baby through an incision in the abdomen and uterus. It is performed when vaginal delivery is impossible or poses risks to the mother or baby. Nurses play a critical role in preoperative preparation, intraoperative assistance, and postoperative care. Key points include understanding indications, managing risks, providing education on recovery, and offering emotional support.

Last updated: October 9, 2024

What is a C-section?

A cesarean birth, also known as a cesarean section (C-section), is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through an incision made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. It is performed when vaginal delivery is not possible or deemed unsafe for the mother, the baby, or both.

Procedure

Anesthesia: regional (epidural or spinal) or general anesthesia
Incision: horizontal or vertical incision in the abdomen and uterus
Delivery: The baby is gently delivered through the incision.
Placental removal: The placenta is removed manually from the uterus.
Closure: Incisions are closed with sutures or staples.

Risks

Risks to the mother

Infection at the incision site or in the uterus
Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage)
Injury to nearby organs (such as bladder or bowel)
Adverse reactions to anesthesia

Risks to the infant

Respiratory complications (transient tachypnea, respiratory distress syndrome)
Surgical injury during delivery
Increased risk of breastfeeding difficulties

Nursing care and assessment of mother and infant

Preoperative preparation: Assess the mother’s medical history, administer preoperative medications as ordered, and explain the procedure and expectations.
Intraoperative support: Monitor vital signs, assist with anesthesia administration, and provide emotional support to the mother.
Postoperative care: Monitor the mother for signs of hemorrhage, infection, or other complications. Monitor vital signs, urine output, and vaginal discharge. Encourage early ambulation and provide pain management as needed.
Infant care: Assess the infant’s respiratory status, temperature, and overall well-being. Initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible, and monitor for any signs of distress or complications. Encourage skin to skin. Monitor vital signs.
Support and education: Provide emotional support to the mother and family, offer guidance on postoperative care, pain management, and breastfeeding. Discuss signs of complications and when to seek medical attention.

Forceps Delivery

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