Antieméticos

Descripción General

Definición

Los LOS Neisseria antieméticos son medicamentos que se utilizan para tratar las náuseas y los LOS Neisseria vómitos.

Clasificación

Las siguientes clases de medicamentos se utilizan como monoterapia o en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación para la prevención y el tratamiento de las náuseas y los LOS Neisseria vómitos:

• Antagonistas de los LOS Neisseria receptores de serotonina
• Glucocorticoides
• Anticolinérgicos
• Antagonistas de los LOS Neisseria receptores de neuroquinina
• Antagonistas de los LOS Neisseria receptores de dopamina
• Cannabinoides
• Antihistamínicos
• Antipsicóticos atípicos
• Benzodiacepinas

Indicaciones generales

• Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia:
  • Fase aguda (dentro de las 24 horas)
  • Fase tardía (2-5 día)
• Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por radiación
• Náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios
• Náuseas y vómitos relacionados con la migraña
• Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por opioides
• Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, commonly caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Transmission may be foodborne, fecal-oral, or through animal contact. Common clinical features include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Gastroenteritis
• Gastroparesia
• Causas vestibulares de náuseas y vómitos
• Hiperemesis gravídica

Fisiología

Náuseas y vómitos

• Náuseas: sensación imprecisa y desagradable de malestar o mareo, asociadas con la disminución de la motilidad gástrica y, a menudo, peristaltismo inverso del intestino delgado.
• Vómitos: expulsión forzada del contenido gástrico (y, a menudo, del intestino delgado)

Control de las náuseas y vómitos

• El centro del vómito (área del postrema), ubicado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la médula, está compuesto por diferentes áreas neuronales.
• El centro del vómito recibe información aferente de las siguientes fuentes:
  • La zona gatillo quimiorreceptora (CTZ, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés):
    • Situada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el área del postrema del bulbo raquídeo (cuarto ventrículo), fuera de la barrera hematoencefálica (permitiendo la detección de estímulos emetogénicos)
    • Están presentes receptores opioides, de serotonina (5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT3)), neuroquinina 1 (NK1) y dopamina D2.
    • Estimulada por medicamentos (e.g., agentes quimioterapéuticos), hipoxia, toxinas, acidosis Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. Respiratory Acidosis y radioterapia
  • Fibras vagales aferentes del tracto gastrointestinal
    • Expresan receptores de serotonina 5-HT3
    • Estimuladas por distensión biliar o gastrointestinal, infecciones o irritación peritoneal o de la mucosa gastrointestinal
  • Aparato vestibular: abundante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum histamina H1 y en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum receptores colinérgicos muscarínicos (M1)
  • Centros superiores del SNC (amígdala):
    • Ciertos olores, estímulos visuales o estímulos emocionales (e.g., memoria, temor, miedo) pueden inducir el vómito.
    • El traumatismo cerebral también puede provocar vómitos

Etiologías específicas

• Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines, commonly caused by infections from bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Transmission may be foodborne, fecal-oral, or through animal contact. Common clinical features include abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Gastroenteritis
• Embarazo
• Relacionado con la migraña
• Trastornos vestibulares
• Relacionado con la enfermedad (e.g., uremia Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of renal insufficiency. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen catabolism, such as urea or creatinine. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. Acute Kidney Injury, íleo)
• Relacionado con el tratamiento (e.g., quimioterapia, opioides, radiación)
• Bioquímicos (e.g., hipercalcemia)
• Relacionado con toxinas (e.g., síndrome de anorexia-caquexia)

Antagonistas de los Receptores de Serotonina

Agentes

• Ondansetrón
• Dolasetrón
• Palonosetrón
• Granisetrón

Mecanismo de acción

• Antagonistas del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors 5-HT3
• Bloquean los LOS Neisseria receptores periféricos de serotonina de los LOS Neisseria nervios aferentes espinales y vagales intestinales
• Bloquean los LOS Neisseria receptores centrales de serotonina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el área del postrema y el centro del vómito.

El antagonista del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors de serotonina de segunda generación, el palonosetrón, tiene mayor afinidad por los LOS Neisseria receptores

Farmacocinética

• Administración:
  • Vía oral o intravenosa
  • El ondansetrón se puede administrar IM.
  • El granisetrón está disponible vía transdérmica
• Ampliamente metabolizados en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado por:
  • CYP1A2
  • CYP2D6
  • CYP3A4 CYP3A4 Class 3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers)
• El ondansetrón, es el tipo de medicamento prototípico, tiene una vida media de 3 a 6 horas.
• El palonosetrón, es metabolizado principalmente por el CYP2D6, tiene una vida media más larga (40 horas) que los LOS Neisseria otros medicamentos
• Excreción: principalmente renal

Indicaciones

• Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia
• Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por radiación
• Náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios

Efectos adversos

• Cefalea
• Fatiga
• Malestar
• Estreñimiento
• Aumento de las aminotransferasas séricas
• Prolongación del intervalo QT
• Síndrome serotoninérgico

Contraindicaciones

• Hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis medicamento
• Intervalo QT prolongado
• Insuficiencia hepática grave
• Precaución con el uso concomitante con los LOS Neisseria inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (aumento del potencial de 5-HT3)

Glucocorticoides

Agentes

• Dexametasona
• Metilprednisolona

Mecanismo de acción

• Mecanismo exacto desconocido
• Inhiben la síntesis de prostaglandinas y disminuyen la inflamación peritumoral
• Interactúan con los LOS Neisseria receptores de glucocorticoides en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el núcleo del tracto solitario y el área del postrema
• Aumentan la sensibilidad de los LOS Neisseria receptores 5-HT3 cuando se combinan con bloqueadores de los LOS Neisseria receptores 5-HT3

Farmacocinética

• La absorción depende de la vía de administración
• Ampliamente metabolizados en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado
• Excreción: renal

Indicaciones

• Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia
• Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por radiación
• Náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios

Efectos adversos

Los LOS Neisseria efectos multisistémicos incluyen (pero no se limitan a):

• Cardiovasculares: hipertensión
• Dermatológicos: estrías
• Endocrinológicos: diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus, obesidad
• Gastrointestinales: dispepsia, úlceras
• Inmunosupresión
• Musculoesqueléticos: osteoporosis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis refers to a decrease in bone mass and density leading to an increased number of fractures. There are 2 forms of osteoporosis: primary, which is commonly postmenopausal or senile; and secondary, which is a manifestation of immobilization, underlying medical disorders, or long-term use of certain medications. Osteoporosis, aumento del riesgo de fracturas, osteonecrosis, miopatía
• Neuropsiquiátricos: psicosis, agitación, insomnio
• Oftalmológicos: glaucoma Glaucoma Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by typical visual field defects and optic nerve atrophy seen as optic disc cupping on examination. The acute form of glaucoma is a medical emergency. Glaucoma is often, but not always, caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma, cataratas

Contraindicaciones

• Hipersensibilidad a los LOS Neisseria componentes del medicamento.
• Administración concurrente de vacunas vivas o vacunas vivas atenuadas
• Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus no controlada
• Hipertensión mal controlada
• Infecciones no controladas (virales, bacterianas, fúngicas)
• Glaucoma Glaucoma Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by typical visual field defects and optic nerve atrophy seen as optic disc cupping on examination. The acute form of glaucoma is a medical emergency. Glaucoma is often, but not always, caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma
• Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis refers to a decrease in bone mass and density leading to an increased number of fractures. There are 2 forms of osteoporosis: primary, which is commonly postmenopausal or senile; and secondary, which is a manifestation of immobilization, underlying medical disorders, or long-term use of certain medications. Osteoporosis
• Queratitis por herpes simple

Anticolinérgicos

Agente

Escopolamina (hioscina)

Mecanismo de acción

Los LOS Neisseria anticolinérgicos inhiben los LOS Neisseria receptores muscarínicos acoplados a proteína G en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el área del postrema y los LOS Neisseria núcleos vestibulares.

Farmacocinética

• Parche transdérmico
• Metabolizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado
• Vida media: 9,5 horas
• Excreción: renal

Indicaciones

• Cinetosis, náuseas y vómitos debidos a enfermedades vestibulares
• Prevención de náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios

Efectos adversos

• Xerostomía
• Visión borrosa
• Taquicardia
• Enrojecimiento de la piel
• Midriasis Midriasis Pupil: Physiology and Abnormalities
• Retención urinaria

Contraindicaciones

• Hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis medicamento
• Alergia a los LOS Neisseria alcaloides de la belladona
• Glaucoma Glaucoma Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by typical visual field defects and optic nerve atrophy seen as optic disc cupping on examination. The acute form of glaucoma is a medical emergency. Glaucoma is often, but not always, caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma agudo de ángulo cerrado

Antagonistas del Receptor de Neuroquinina

Agentes

• Aprepitant
• Rolapitant
• Fosaprepitant
• Netupitant ( en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con palonosetrón)

Mecanismo de acción

• Antagonistas del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors NK1 ( receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors de la sustancia P)
• Inhiben los LOS Neisseria receptores NK1 en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el área del postrema, el núcleo del tracto solitario y los LOS Neisseria nervios aferentes viscerales

Farmacocinética

• Administrados oralmente, por vía intravenosa
• Fosaprepitant (parenteral) se convierte en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum aprepitant
• Media vida:
  • Aprepitant: aproximadamente 9-13 horas
  • Rolapitant: 7 días
• Metabolizados en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado a través del CYP3A4 CYP3A4 Class 3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers)
• Excretados en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum orina y heces

Indicaciones

Las indicaciones incluyen náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia (eficaces para la emesis tardía)

Efectos adversos

• Reacciones de hipersensibilidad
• Cefalea, mareos
• Somnolencia
• Elevación de aminotransferasas séricas
• Dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal
• Aprepitant: inhibición de la enzima CYP3A4 CYP3A4 Class 3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers)
• Rolapitant: inhibición de la enzima CYP2D6

Contraindicaciones

• Hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis medicamento
• Embarazo
• Insuficiencia hepática grave
• Aprepitant interactúa con los LOS Neisseria sustratos de la enzima CYP3A4 CYP3A4 Class 3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers) (el riesgo varía según el medicamento):
  • Contraindicado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con pimozida, astemizol, cisaprida, ivabradina
  • Precaución con warfarina, corticoides y benzodiacepinas
• Rolapitant: en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con sustratos del CYP2D6 con índice terapéutico estrecho (e.g., tioridazina, pimozida)

Antagonistas de los Receptores de Dopamina

Agentes

• Proclorperazina
• Metoclopramida
• Domperidona (solo como protocolo de medicamento en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum investigación)

Mecanismo de acción

Generalmente, todos los LOS Neisseria agentes actúan a través del antagonismo del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors D2, disminuyendo la liberación de neurotransmisores excitatorios, con algunas propiedades únicas.

• Proclorperazina:
  • Antagonista del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors D2 en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el área del postrema/CTZ
  • También bloquea los LOS Neisseria receptores muscarínicos y de histamina
• Metoclopramida:
  • Un antagonista de los LOS Neisseria receptores D2 y 5-HT3 en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el área del postrema
  • Aumenta la respuesta del tracto GI a la acetilcolina:
    • Aumento del peristaltismo gástrico
    • Aumento del tono del esfínter esofágico inferior
• Domperidona:
  • Un antagonista de los LOS Neisseria receptores D2 periféricos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tracto GI → efecto procinético:
    • Aumento del peristaltismo gástrico
    • Aumento del tono del esfínter esofágico inferior
  • No atraviesa fácilmente la barrera hematoencefálica

Farmacocinética

• Proclorperazina:
  • Oral, Intramuscular, rectal
  • Metabolizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado a N-desmetil proclorperazina
  • Excretado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum heces
• Metoclopramida:
  • Rápida absorción por vía oral
  • Atraviesa la barrera hematoencefálica y la barrera placentaria
  • Sufre de conjugación en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado.
  • Excretado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la orina
• Domperidona:
  • Absorción por vía oral
  • Metabolismo hepático
  • Excretado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum heces y orina

Indicaciones, efectos adversos y contraindicaciones

Cannabinoides

Agentes

• Dronabinol Dronabinol A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. Cannabinoids
• Nabilona (no disponible en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria Estados Unidos)

Mecanismo de acción

• Agonistas de los LOS Neisseria receptores de cannabinoides tipo CB1 y CB2
• Los LOS Neisseria efectos provienen de la activación del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors CB1 en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el SNC que modula la liberación de neurotransmisores

Farmacocinética

• Oral > 90% de absorción
• Metabolismo hepático
• Excreción: principalmente por heces

Indicaciones

• Náuseas y vómitos refractarios inducidos por quimioterapia
• Anorexia Anorexia The lack or loss of appetite accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder anorexia nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa asociada con el SIDA

Efectos adversos

• Mareos, somnolencia, paranoia, euforia
• Exacerbación de la depresión, manía, esquizofrenia
• Hipotensión ortostática, taquicardia
• Convulsiones
• Dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal
• Síndrome de hiperémesis (asociado al AL Amyloidosis consumo crónico de cannabis)

Contraindicaciones

• Hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis medicamento o a sus componentes
• Uso con productos que contienen disulfiram o metronidazol (dentro de las 2 semanas posteriores a la ingesta)
• Precaución en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum aquellos pacientes con antecedentes de abuso de sustancias.

Antihistamínicos

Agentes

• Ciclizina
• Difenhidramina
• Doxilamina
• Meclizina
• Prometazina

Mecanismo de acción

• Antagonistas del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors H1
• Inhiben los LOS Neisseria receptores H1 en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el área del postrema y el núcleo vestibular
• Antihistamínicos de 1ra generación:
  • Bloquean los LOS Neisseria receptores muscarínicos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el núcleo vestibular y la zona gatillo quimiorreceptora
  • Cruzan la barrera hematoencefálica, provocando sedación.
• La prometazina también inhibe los LOS Neisseria receptores D2

Farmacocinética

• Rápida absorción
• Ampliamente distribuidos por todo el cuerpo.
• Metabolismo hepático

Indicaciones

• Náuseas y vómitos por disfunción vestibular
• Náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios
• Combinación de doxilamina y piridoxina para la hiperémesis gravídica

Efectos adversos

• Efectos antihistamínicos: sedación
• Efectos antimuscarínicos:
  • Xerostomía
  • Visión borrosa
  • Taquicardia
  • Enrojecimiento de la piel
  • Midriasis Midriasis Pupil: Physiology and Abnormalities
  • Retención urinaria
  • Disminución de ruidos peristálticos

Contraindicaciones

• Hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis medicamento
• Evitar el uso de agentes sedantes con otros medicamentos que causen somnolencia.

Antipsicóticos Atípicos

Agente

Olanzapina

Mecanismo de acción

• Antagonista de los LOS Neisseria receptores de dopamina (D1-D4) y del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors 5-HT3
• También un antagonista de los LOS Neisseria receptores antimuscarínicos y H1

Farmacocinética

• La absorción depende de la vía de administración (oral, Intramuscular, Intravenosa)
• Se metaboliza en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado por conjugación y oxidación
• Excretado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum heces y orina

Indicaciones

Las indicaciones incluyen náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia (agudos y tardíos)

Efectos adversos

• Efectos anticolinérgicos (e.g., xerostomía, retención urinaria)
• Dislipidemia
• Síntomas extrapiramidales (e.g., acatisia, discinesia tardía, distonía)
• Hiperprolactinemia por bloqueo de los LOS Neisseria receptores de dopamina
• Hiperglucemia
• Reacciones de hipersensibilidad
• Aumento del apetito, aumento de peso
• Leucopenia, neutropenia Neutropenia Neutrophils are an important component of the immune system and play a significant role in the eradication of infections. Low numbers of circulating neutrophils, referred to as neutropenia, predispose the body to recurrent infections or sepsis, though patients can also be asymptomatic. Neutropenia, trombocitopenia
• Síndrome neuroléptico maligno
• Disfunción sexual
• Ideologías suicidas
• Prolongación del intervalo QT

Contraindicaciones

• Hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis medicamento y sus componentes
• Utilizar con precaución en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum aquellos pacientes con:
  • Psicosis relacionada con la demencia (aumento del riesgo de muerte)
  • Enfermedad de Parkinson
  • Motilidad gastrointestinal (exacerba la condición)
  • Convulsiones (mayor riesgo de convulsiones)
  • Retención urinaria

Benzodiacepinas

Agente

Lorazepam Lorazepam A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. Benzodiazepines

Mecanismo de acción

• Agonista del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors GABA GABA The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Receptors and Neurotransmitters of the CNS (inhibición de la excitabilidad neuronal)
• Posible depresión del área del postrema

Farmacocinética

• Intravenosa, Intramuscular, oral
• Se absorbe rápida y fácilmente
• Metabolismo hepático (conjugación del ácido glucurónico)
• Se excreta principalmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la orina

Indicaciones

• Náuseas y vómitos inducidos por quimioterapia
• Náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios

Efectos adversos

• Amnesia de antergrado
• Confusión
• Sedación, mareos (son peligrosos con ciertas actividades, e.g., conducir)
• Depresión respiratoria
• Ataxia Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or peripheral nerve diseases. Motor ataxia may be associated with cerebellar diseases; cerebral cortex diseases; thalamic diseases; basal ganglia diseases; injury to the red nucleus; and other conditions. Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Toxicidad por propilenglicol (disolvente utilizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el lorazepam Lorazepam A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. Benzodiazepines parenteral)
• Reacciones paradójicas (desinhibitorias) (e.g., hiperactividad, comportamiento agresivo)
• Síndrome de abstinencia (con una interrupción rápida)

Contraindicaciones

• Hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis medicamento
• Glaucoma Glaucoma Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by typical visual field defects and optic nerve atrophy seen as optic disc cupping on examination. The acute form of glaucoma is a medical emergency. Glaucoma is often, but not always, caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma agudo de ángulo cerrado
• Forma parenteral:
  • Hipersensibilidad al AL Amyloidosis propilenglicol, polietilenglicol, alcohol bencílico
  • Administración intraarterial
  • Apnea del sueño
  • Insuficiencia respiratoria
• Evitar la administración con otros depresores del SNC, incluidos los LOS Neisseria opioides.
• Evitar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes con antecedentes de abuso de sustancias.

Comparación de Antieméticos