Medicamentos para la Enfermedad de Parkinson

Descripción General

Definición

La enfermedad de Parkinson ( EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy) es una enfermedad degenerativa de los LOS Neisseria ganglios basales caracterizada por un síndrome clínico que se manifiesta con disminución de la expresión facial, bradicinesia, marcha festinante (pasos progresivamente acortados y acelerados), rigidez en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum rueda dentada y un temblor de «rodar píldoras» en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum reposo.

Fisiopatología

• Muerte celular en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria ganglios basales
• Degeneración de las neuronas dopaminérgicas de la sustancia negra → pérdida del suministro central de dopamina → inicio de los LOS Neisseria síntomas
• Agrupación de la alfa-sinucleína → cuerpos de Lewy
• La EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy no tiene cura; disminución de los LOS Neisseria niveles de dopamina → síntomas motores.

Farmacoterapia para la enfermedad de Parkinson

• Los LOS Neisseria medicamentos restauran la actividad dopaminérgica → reducen los LOS Neisseria síntomas, mejoran la calidad de vida.
• Opciones terapéuticas:
  • Levodopa Levodopa The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Parkinson’s Disease Drugs (aumenta el suministro de dopamina)
  • Agonistas de la dopamina (aumentan la activación de los LOS Neisseria receptores D2 y D3)
  • Antagonistas del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
  • Inhibidores de la monoamino oxidasa (IMAO) tipo B
  • Inhibidores de la catecol O-metiltransferasa (COMT)

Levodopa

Estructura química y farmacodinamia

• Estructura:
  • Aminoácido precursor de la dopamina
  • Estereoisómero levorrotatorio de dopa (L-dopa)
• Mecanismo de acción:
  • La levodopa Levodopa The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Parkinson’s Disease Drugs atraviesa la barrera hematoencefálica (BHE); la dopamina por si sola no puede cruzar la BHE.
  • Se convierte en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum dopamina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el cerebro, incluso si las neuronas dopaminérgicas están muriendo.
  • Está protegida de la descarboxilación en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el plasma Plasma The residual portion of blood that is left after removal of blood cells by centrifugation without prior blood coagulation. Transfusion Products por la administración concomitante de carbidopa (las píldoras vienen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación de levodopa-carbidopa, anteriormente conocido como marca Sinemet).
  • En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el parénquima cerebral, la levodopa Levodopa The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Parkinson’s Disease Drugs se descarboxila a dopamina.
  • Se restablece el suministro de dopamina → estimula los LOS Neisseria receptores dopaminérgicos.

Farmacocinética

• Absorción:
  • Se absorbe de 30 a 60 minutos, aumenta con comidas ricas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum grasas/proteínas.
  • Las preparaciones orales incluyen carbidopa para prevenir su descarboxilación en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el plasma Plasma The residual portion of blood that is left after removal of blood cells by centrifugation without prior blood coagulation. Transfusion Products.
• Distribución:
  • Cruza la BHE.
  • Concentración plasmática máxima: 20 a 30 minutos
• Vida media: 30 minutos a 4 horas, dependiendo de su formulación (liberación inmediata o liberación prolongada)
• Metabolismo: en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el parénquima cerebral → metabolizado a dopamina
• Excreción: orina

Indicaciones

Está recomendada como terapia de primera línea para los LOS Neisseria síntomas de moderados a graves de la EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy.

Efectos secundarios

• Náuseas
• Mareo
• Cefalea
• Somnolencia
• Arritmias:
  • Extrasístole ventricular
  • Fibrilación auricular
• Hipotensión ortostática
• Se pueden observar síntomas similares al AL Amyloidosis síndrome neuroléptico maligno (SNM) con la suspensión repentina de la levodopa Levodopa The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Parkinson’s Disease Drugs:
  • Hipertermia/fiebre muy alta
  • Otros síntomas:
    • Confusión
    • Rigidez muscular
    • Diaforesis
    • Taquicardia

Interacciones farmacológicas

• Los LOS Neisseria antagonistas de la dopamina pueden reducir los LOS Neisseria efectos terapéuticos.
• La piridoxina (vitamina B₆) aumenta el metabolismo extracerebral → disminuye su biodisponibilidad.

Contraindicaciones

• Neuropatía preexistente
• Combinación con inhibidores de la monoamino oxidasa (IMAOs) → crisis hipertensiva
• Requiere un período de lavado de 14 días entre cualquiera de los LOS Neisseria medicamentos (IMAO o levodopa-carbidopa).

Agonistas de Dopamina

Estructura química y farmacodinamia

• Agonistas de la dopamina:
  • Mayor afinidad por los LOS Neisseria receptores D2 y D3
  • Inhiben la secreción de prolactina de la hipófisis anterior
  • Medicamentos para los LOS Neisseria síntomas neurológicos asociados a la EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy:
    • Bromocriptina (genérica)
    • Pramipexol (Mirapex)
    • Ropinirol (Requip)
    • Rotigotina (parche transdérmico de Neupro)
  • Para hipomovilidad intermitente aguda asociada a la EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy: apomorfina
• Mecanismo de acción:
  • Se unen directamente a los LOS Neisseria receptores de dopamina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la terminal postsináptica.
  • Los LOS Neisseria receptores D2, D3 y D4 se acoplan a la familia de proteínas G, Gi/o, y los LOS Neisseria agonistas de la dopamina inhiben la adenilil ciclasa y, por tanto, la síntesis de adenosín monofosfato cíclico ( cAMP cAMP An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3′- and 5′-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and acth. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés).

Farmacocinética

• Absorción:
  • Medicamentos orales a excepción del parche transdérmico de rotigotina
  • Se absorben rápidamente, con una concentración plasmática máxima de 30 minutos a 6 horas.
  • Disponibles en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum formas de acción inmediata o de liberación prolongada
• Distribución:
  • Cruzan la BHE.
  • Vida media: 5 a 12 horas, según el agente y la edad del individuo
• Metabolismo: sistema del citocromo P450 hepático (CYP1A2 y CYP3A4 CYP3A4 Class 3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers))
• Excreción: renal y fecal, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum diferentes proporciones según el agente

Indicaciones

• Síntomas leves a moderados de la EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy que afectan la vida diaria
• Otras indicaciones distintas del Parkinson para los LOS Neisseria agonistas de la dopamina:
  • Pramipexol, ropinirol y rotigotina: síndrome de piernas inquietas
  • Bromocriptina:
    • Hiperprolactinemia por adenoma hipofisario secretor de prolactina
    • Acromegalia
    • Nueva indicación (a partir de 2020) para la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2 no controlada ( DM DM Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus; nombre comercial, Cycloset); las guías no consideran la bromocriptina como un tratamiento común para la DM DM Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, excepto con consideraciones específicas.

Efectos secundarios

• Ataques de sueño, particularmente con el pramipexol y el ropinirol
• Náuseas/vómitos
• Mareo
• Hipotensión ortostática
• Cefalea
• Arritmia cardíaca
• Discinesias
• El uso prolongado puede causar:
  • Movimientos coreiformes y distónicos
  • Síntomas psiquiátricos:
    • Manía o depresión (diferentes reacciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum diferentes individuos)
    • Alucinaciones/psicosis
    • Delirios

Interacciones farmacológicas

• IMAO
• Antagonistas de la dopamina (antipsicóticos de primera y segunda generación)
• Otros medicamentos que son metabolizados por las enzimas del citocromo P450

Contraindicaciones

• Antecedentes de enfermedades psicóticas
• Enfermedades cardiovasculares severas
• Posparto o lactancia
• Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1
• Trastornos del sueño
• Consumo de alcohol

Amantadina (Antagonista de N-metil-D-Aspartato)

Estructura química y farmacodinamia

• Estructura: amina tricíclica sintética
• Mecanismo de acción:
  • Antagonista del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors de glutamato tipo NMDA → efecto antidiscinético
  • Puede influir en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la síntesis, liberación o recaptación de la dopamina.
  • Antagoniza los LOS Neisseria efectos de la adenosina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria receptores alfa-2-adrenérgicos (A2A) de adenosina (puede inhibir los LOS Neisseria receptores D2).

Farmacocinética

• Absorción: oral
• Distribución:
  • Cruza la BHE.
  • Inicio de acción: dentro de 48 horas
  • Concentración plasmática máxima: 2 a 12 horas, según la forma de dosificación
  • Vida media: 9 a 31 horas
• Metabolismo: conjugación, otros mecanismos desconocidos
• Excreción: orina (hasta un 90% inalterado)

Indicaciones

• Utilizada originalmente como tratamiento para la influenza A Influenza A Antivirals for Influenza
• Recomendada para síntomas leves del Parkinson, específicamente para la discinesia y la rigidez:
  • Puede utilizarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con otros agentes.
  • Solo para personas con síntomas que tienen un impacto mínimo en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vida diaria
  • Efecto terapéutico que dura solo las primeras semanas

Efectos secundarios

Si bien generalmente es un medicamento bien tolerado, existen algunos efectos secundarios que se debe tener en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cuenta:

• Inquietud
• Depresión
• Ideas suicidas
• Somnolencia
• Insomnio
• Agitación
• Alucinaciones/psicosis

Interacciones farmacológicas

• Clozapina: Puede causar estreñimiento o íleo severo.
• Trimetoprima: Puede aumentar los LOS Neisseria niveles de la amantadina y el riesgo de psicosis.
• Bupropión: Puede aumentar el riesgo de efectos adversos sobre el SNC.
• Vacuna nasal contra la influenza Influenza Influenza viruses are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family and the causative organisms of influenza, a highly contagious febrile respiratory disease. There are 3 primary influenza viruses (A, B, and C) and various subtypes, which are classified based on their virulent surface antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Influenza typically presents with a fever, myalgia, headache, and symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. Influenza Viruses/Influenza (la amantadina es un agente antiinfluenza)

Contraindicaciones

• Embarazo (probable efecto teratogénico) y lactancia
• Enfermedad renal en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum etapa terminal, porque la amantadina se metaboliza en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria riñones
• Cloruro o citrato de potasio: Puede aumentar el riesgo de ulceración gastrointestinal.

Inhibidores de la Monoamino Oxidasa (IMAO)

Estructura química y farmacodinamia

• Clasificados como:
  • Inhibidores irreversibles: selegilina (genérico) y rasagilina (Azilect)
  • Inhibidores reversibles: safinamida (Xadago)
• Mecanismo de acción:
  • Tipos de MAO:
    • El tipo A metaboliza la noradrenalina, la serotonina y la dopamina (utilizadas para la depresión, pero reemplazadas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum gran parte por agentes más nuevos y más seguros).
    • El tipo B metaboliza la dopamina de forma selectiva (utilizada para la EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy).
  • En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el parénquima cerebral, la MAO tipo B (MAO-B) se inhibe selectivamente → aumentando la concentración intracerebral de dopamina.

Farmacocinética

• Absorción: oral o transdérmica
• Distribución:
  • Cruzan la BHE.
  • Concentración plasmática máxima: 1 a 3 horas, según el agente
  • Inicio de acción: 2–3 semanas
  • Vida media: 3 a 26 horas, según el agente
  • Metabolismo: hepático (sustrato del CYP1A2, CYP2D6 y otras enzimas CYP450)
  • Excreción: renal y fecal, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum diferentes proporciones, según el agente.

Indicaciones

• Recomendados como terapia complementaria para personas con EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy que toman levodopa-carbidopa y que presentan un deterioro en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum respuesta a esta.
• La forma transdérmica también se ha HA Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the term given to a large group of anemias that are caused by the premature destruction/hemolysis of circulating red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis can occur within (intravascular hemolysis) or outside the blood vessels (extravascular hemolysis). Hemolytic Anemia utilizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum personas con trastorno depresivo mayor.

Efectos secundarios

• Las interacciones entre medicamentos y alimentos pueden provocar una crisis hipertensiva:
  • Evite los LOS Neisseria alimentos con altos niveles de tiramina: queso curado, carnes curadas (salchichas, salami), habas y alimentos fermentados (marmita, salsa de soja, chucrut).
  • Evite las bebidas fermentadas: vino tinto, cerveza.
• Xerostomía (boca seca)
• Náuseas
• Diarrea o estreñimiento (diferentes reacciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum diferentes individuos)
• Somnolencia o insomnio
• Mareo

Interacciones y contraindicaciones farmacológicas

• Otros medicamentos que utilizan las enzimas del citocromo P450 para el metabolismo, ya que interactúan con los LOS Neisseria inhibidores de la MAO-B: sustratos de CYP1A2, CYP2A6 y CYP2B6
  • Algunos AINs: naproxeno, nabumetona
  • Algunos bloqueadores beta (e.g., bisoprolol Bisoprolol A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. Class 2 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Beta Blockers)) → hipotensión aditiva
  • Bupropión como antidepresivo → mayor riesgo de hipertensión
  • Analgésicos opioides:
    • Tramadol Tramadol A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating. Opioid Analgesics
    • Metadona
    • Codeína
  • Riesgo de síndrome serotoninérgico con:
    • Inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) (e.g., fluoxetina, paroxetina)
    • Inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y noradrenalina (IRSN) (e.g., duloxetina)
    • Antidepresivos tricíclicos (TCA, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) (e.g., amitriptilina)
    • Fármacos para la migraña (e.g., sumatriptán, rizatriptán)
    • Los LOS Neisseria síntomas incluyen alteración del estado mental, inestabilidad autonómica, temblores, mioclonías y convulsiones.
• Otros fármacos que causan depresión del SNC (cualquier fármaco sedante):
  • Benzodiacepinas
  • Antihistamínicos de primera generación
  • Hipnóticos sedantes
• Otros IMAO utilizados para la psicosis:
  • Antipsicóticos de primera generación (e.g., tioridazina, haloperidol Haloperidol A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorders, ballism, and tourette syndrome (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in intellectual disability and the chorea of huntington disease. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable hiccups. First-Generation Antipsychotics):
    • Mayor riesgo de efectos secundarios extrapiramidales (distonía, bradicinesia)
    • Mayor riesgo de depresión del SNC, hipotensión
    • Disminución de la eficacia de la selegilina
  • Antipsicóticos de segunda generación (e.g., aripiprazol, clozapina):
    • Mayor riesgo de depresión del SNC, deterioro psicomotor, hipotensión y síncope
    • Disminución de la eficacia de la selegilina
  • Evite durante 14 días, ya que la combinación puede aumentar el riesgo de síndrome serotoninérgico:
    • Jarabe para la tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome de dextrometorfano
    • Relajante muscular: ciclobenzaprina
    • Suplemento: hierba de San Juan
    • Medicamento para el TDAH: atomoxetina (Strattera)

Inhibidores de la Catecol O-Metiltransferasa (COMT)

Estructura química y farmacodinamia

• Estructura: El compuesto original es 3-nitrobenceno-1,2-diol, también llamado nitrocatecol.
• Nombres de fármacos:
  • Entacapona (Comtan)
  • Tolcapona (Tasmar)
  • Opicapona (Ongentys)
• Mecanismo de acción:
  • La COMT metaboliza periféricamente la levodopa Levodopa The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Parkinson’s Disease Drugs en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 3-O-metildopa.
  • La COMT se inhibe selectivamente → mayor biodisponibilidad de levodopa Levodopa The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Parkinson’s Disease Drugs → acción prolongada de levodopa Levodopa The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Parkinson’s Disease Drugs.
  • También disminuye el aclaramiento de la levodopa Levodopa The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. Parkinson’s Disease Drugs → mayor biodisponibilidad.

Farmacocinética

• Absorción: oral
• Distribución:
  • Actúan periféricamente.
  • Concentración plasmática máxima: 1 a 2 horas, según el agente
  • Vida media: 1 a 3 horas, según el agente
• Metabolismo: hepático
• Excreción: renal y fecal

Indicaciones

Para los LOS Neisseria síntomas leves de la EP EP Ectopic pregnancy refers to the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) outside the uterine cavity. The main cause is disruption of the normal anatomy of the fallopian tube. Ectopic Pregnancy que tienen un impacto mínimo en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vida diaria.

Efectos secundarios

• Discinesia
• Alucinaciones/psicosis
• Hipotensión ortostática
• Dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal
• Trastornos del sueño
• Decoloración anaranjada de la orina.
• Hepatotoxicidad
• La interrupción abrupta puede causar síntomas similares a los LOS Neisseria del síndrome neuroléptico maligno.

Interacciones farmacológicas

• Codeína
• Metoclopramida
• Selegilina
• Prometazina
• Bloqueadores de los LOS Neisseria canales de calcio
• Benzodiacepinas
• TCA

Contraindicaciones

• Antecedentes de síndrome neuroléptico maligno
• Enfermedad hepática: Los LOS Neisseria agentes deben retirarse tan pronto como se detecte toxicidad hepática, según lo indiquen la elevación de las enzimas hepáticas.

Comparación de las Clases de Medicamentos