Antidiabéticos Insulinotrópicos

Los LOS Neisseria antidiabéticos insulinotrópicos son utilizados para tratar la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2 porque aumentan la secreción de insulina, lo que resulta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum una disminución de los LOS Neisseria niveles de glucosa. Este grupo de medicamentos incluyen a las sulfonilureas, las meglitinidas, los LOS Neisseria agonistas del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1 y los LOS Neisseria inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4. Estos agentes generalmente se utilizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con otras terapias para el control de la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus. Las sulfonilureas y las meglitinidas se asocian con el aumento de peso, mientras que los LOS Neisseria agonistas del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1 pueden brindar el beneficio adicional de la pérdida de peso. Otros efectos secundarios varían entre las clases de medicamentos. Ninguno de los LOS Neisseria medicamentos deben utilizarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tratamiento de la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 1 o la cetoacidosis diabética.

Last updated: Dec 15, 2025

Editorial responsibility: Stanley Oiseth, Lindsay Jones, Evelin Maza

Contents

Descripción General

Sulfonilureas

Meglitinidas

Agonistas del Péptido Similar al Glucagón-1

Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil Peptidasa-4

Comparación de Medicamentos Antidiabéticos

Referencias

Descripción General

Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2

Causada por:
- Resistencia a la insulina periférica: los LOS Neisseria receptores celulares de insulina no responden adecuadamente a la insulina.
- Disfunción de las células beta: ↑ demanda de insulina a largo plazo → secreción defectuosa de insulina
Resulta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum hiperglucemia
El tratamiento farmacológico puede dirigirse hacia:
- Liberación de insulina
- Resistencia a la insulina
- Liberación de glucagón
- Gluconeogénesis
- Captación de glucosa

Clasificación

Los LOS Neisseria medicamentos hipoglucemiantes (o antihiperglucémicos) se pueden clasificar según sea el mecanismo de acción:

Medicamentos insulinotrópicos (↑ secreción de insulina):

Sulfonilureas
Meglitinidas
Agonistas del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1
Inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4

Medicamentos no insulinotrópicos (no afectan la liberación de insulina):

↓ Resistencia a la insulina:
- Biguanidas
- Tiazolidinedionas
↓ Absorción/reabsorción de glucosa:
- Inhibidores de la alfa-glucosidasa
- Inhibidores de la proteína transportadora de sodio-glucosa 2
↓ Vaciado gástrico y secreción de glucagón: análogos de amilina

Sulfonilureas

Medicamentos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la clase

1ra generación:
- Tolbutamida
- Clorpropamida
- Tolazamida
2da generación:
- Gliburida
- Glipizida
- Glimepirida

Farmacodinamia

Se unen e inhiben los LOS Neisseria canales de potasio sensibles a ATP (KATP) en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células beta pancreáticas
Despolarización celular → apertura del canal de calcio ( Ca CA Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding. Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)²⁺) → afluencia de Ca CA Condylomata acuminata are a clinical manifestation of genital HPV infection. Condylomata acuminata are described as raised, pearly, flesh-colored, papular, cauliflower-like lesions seen in the anogenital region that may cause itching, pain, or bleeding. Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts) ²⁺
Estimulan la liberación de insulina
Resultado: ↑ respuesta de las células beta a la glucosa
Efectos extrapancreáticos:
- ↑ Sensibilidad tisular a la insulina
- ↓ Producción hepática de glucosa

Las sulfonilureas estimulan la secreción de insulina al actuar sobre los canales de potasio de las células beta pancreáticas.
Imagen por Lecturio.

Farmacocinética

A continuación se describe la farmacocinética de las sulfonilureas de 2da generación:

Absorción: buena absorción por vía oral
Distribución: ampliamente unidas a proteínas
Metabolismo:
- Hepático a través del sistema citocromo P450 ( CYP2C9 CYP2C9 A cytochrome p-450 subtype that has specificity for acidic xenobiotics. It oxidizes a broad range of important clinical drugs that fall under the categories of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; hypoglycemic agents; anticoagulants; and diuretics. Anticoagulants)
- Los LOS Neisseria metabolitos tienen baja actividad hipoglucemiante
Excreción:
- Principalmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la orina
- Algo de excreción a través de las heces

Indicaciones

Las sulfonilureas se utilizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tratamiento de la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2:

Generalmente, se utilizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con otros medicamentos
Pueden ser consideradas como un agente de 1ra línea cuando:
- Hay contraindicaciones para la metformina
- Hiperglucemia severa sin cetonuria (si hay contraindicaciones para insulina o análogos del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1)
No se utilizan con frecuencia debido a los LOS Neisseria efectos secundarios

Efectos secundarios

Hipoglucemia
Aumento de peso
Náuseas
Fotosensibilidad
Hepatitis
Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types hemolítica
Reacción tipo disulfiram
Reacciones de hipersensibilidad:
- Erupción
- Prurito

Contraindicaciones

Hipersensibilidad a las sulfonamidas
Insuficiencia hepática: los LOS Neisseria medicamentos se metabolizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el hígado (pueden provocar hipoglucemia)
Insuficiencia renal: excretada por los LOS Neisseria riñones (puede provocar hipoglucemia)
Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 1
Cetoacidosis diabética

Interacciones medicamentosas

Reacción tipo disulfiram: etanol
↑ Efecto hipoglucemiante:
- Otros medicamentos antidiabéticos
- Amiodarona
- Andrógenos
- Betabloqueadores
- Cloranfenicol
- Antidepresivos
- Antibióticos sulfa

Meglitinidas

Medicamentos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la clase

Repaglinida
Nateglinida

Farmacodinamia

Estructuralmente diferentes, pero actúan de manera similar a las sulfonilureas
Afectan a los LOS Neisseria canales KATP en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las células beta pancreáticas
↑ Liberación de insulina

Farmacocinética

Absorción:
- Rápida
- Inicio de acción más rápido que las sulfonilureas
Distribución:
- Ampliamente unidas a proteínas
- Duración de acción más corta que las sulfonilureas
Metabolismo:
- Hepático
- A través del sistema de citocromo P450:
  - CYP3A4 CYP3A4 Class 3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers)
  - CYP2C8 CYP2C8 A liver microsomal cytochrome p450 hydroxylase that oxidizes a broad spectrum of substrates including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Examples of pharmaceutical substrates for cyp2c8 include; paclitaxol; torsemide; and; amodiaquine. Class 3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers)
Excreción:
- Repaglinida: principalmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum heces
- Nateglinida: principalmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum orina

Indicaciones

Las meglitinidas se utilizan para tratar la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2:

En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con otros medicamentos
En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum lugar de una sulfonilurea en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum personas alérgicas
Para controlar la hiperglucemia postprandial

Efectos secundarios

Hipoglucemia
Aumento de peso
Infecciones del tracto respiratorio
Cefalea

Contraindicaciones

Insuficiencia renal
Insuficiencia hepática
Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 1
Cetoacidosis diabética

Interacciones medicamentosas

Se puede observar un aumento del efecto hipoglucemiante con:

Otros medicamentos antidiabéticos
Andrógenos
Agentes antivirales de acción directa
Gemfibrozilo
Estatinas
Clopidogrel Clopidogrel A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic p2y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated platelet aggregation. It is used to prevent thromboembolism in patients with arterial occlusive diseases; myocardial infarction; stroke; or atrial fibrillation. Antiplatelet Drugs
Antidepresivos (e.g., inhibidores selectivos de la recaptura de serotonina, inhibidores de la monoaminooxidasa)

Agonistas del Péptido Similar al Glucagón-1

Medicamentos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la clase

Exenatida (derivado del veneno del monstruo de Gila)
Liraglutida
Dulaglutida
Semaglutida
Lixisenatida

Farmacodinamia

Miméticos de la incretina (agonistas del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1) → se unen a los LOS Neisseria receptores del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1:
- Células beta → ↑ secreción de insulina dependiente de glucosa
- Células alfa → ↓ secreción de glucagón
Efectos adicionales:
- Ralentización del vaciado gástrico
- ↓ Apetito
- Pérdida de peso

Mecanismo de acción del péptido 1 similar al glucagón (GLP-1) y miméticos — El mecanismo de acción del péptido similar al glucagón-1 (GLP-1, por sus siglas en inglés) y los miméticos
Imagen por Lecturio.

Farmacocinética

Absorción: administrados como inyecciones subcutáneas
Distribución: altamente unidos a proteínas
Excreción: orina y heces

Indicaciones

Tratamiento de la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2:
- No son una terapia inicial para la mayoría de los LOS Neisseria individuos
- Generalmente, se utilizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum combinación con otros medicamentos
- Asociados a una reducción de eventos cardiovasculares
Control de peso

Efectos secundarios

Náuseas y vómitos
Diarrea
Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of chronic pancreatitis. The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are alcoholic pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis
Trombocitopenia
Injuria renal aguda
Reacciones de hipersensibilidad:
- Angioedema Angioedema Angioedema is a localized, self-limited (but potentially life-threatening), nonpitting, asymmetrical edema occurring in the deep layers of the skin and mucosal tissue. The common underlying pathophysiology involves inflammatory mediators triggering significant vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. Angioedema
- Anafilaxia
- Reacciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el sitio de la inyección

Contraindicaciones

Antecedentes personales o familiares de carcinoma medular de tiroides ( los LOS Neisseria estudios en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum animales muestran una posible asociación con el cáncer de tiroides)
Síndrome de neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 2
Trastornos de la motilidad gastrointestinal debido a la disminución del vaciamiento gastrointestinal
Antecedentes de pancreatitis Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of chronic pancreatitis. The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are alcoholic pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis
Insuficiencia renal

Interacciones medicamentosas

↑ Efecto hipoglucemiante:
- Otros medicamentos antidiabéticos
- Andrógenos
- Agentes antivirales de acción directa
- Antidepresivos
La terapia combinada con inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4 no brinda beneficios adicionales.

Inhibidores de la Dipeptidil Peptidasa-4

Medicamentos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la clase

Sitagliptina
Saxagliptina
Linagliptina
Alogliptina

Farmacodinamia

Inhiben la enzima dipeptidil peptidasa-4, que normalmente degrada el péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1
↑ Efectos incretina:
- ↑ Secreción de insulina dependiente de glucosa
- ↓ Niveles de glucagón

Función normal de DPP-4 — Función normal de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4 (DPP-4): la inhibición de la enzima evita la degradación del péptido similar al glucagón-1 (GLP-1, por sus siglas en inglés), lo que permite una mayor liberación de insulina y una menor secreción de glucagón.
Imagen por Lecturio.

Farmacocinética

Absorción: absorbido por vía oral
Distribución:
- Extensa
- Unión a proteínas variable Variable Variables represent information about something that can change. The design of the measurement scales, or of the methods for obtaining information, will determine the data gathered and the characteristics of that data. As a result, a variable can be qualitative or quantitative, and may be further classified into subgroups. Types of Variables
Metabolismo:
- Variable Variable Variables represent information about something that can change. The design of the measurement scales, or of the methods for obtaining information, will determine the data gathered and the characteristics of that data. As a result, a variable can be qualitative or quantitative, and may be further classified into subgroups. Types of Variables
- Hepático
- Una parte por el sistema del citocromo P450
Excreción:
- Principalmente a través de la orina
- Excepción: la linagliptina se excreta principalmente a través de las heces.

Indicaciones

Los LOS Neisseria inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4 tratan la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2:

No son una terapia inicial para la mayoría de los LOS Neisseria individuos
Utilizados como terapia adyuvante

Efectos secundarios

Nasofaringitis e infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior
Cefalea
Artralgia y mialgia
Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of chronic pancreatitis. The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are alcoholic pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis aguda
Disfunción hepática
Penfigoide ampolloso
Insuficiencia cardíaca
Reacciones hipersensibles:
- Angioedema Angioedema Angioedema is a localized, self-limited (but potentially life-threatening), nonpitting, asymmetrical edema occurring in the deep layers of the skin and mucosal tissue. The common underlying pathophysiology involves inflammatory mediators triggering significant vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. Angioedema
- Anafilaxia
- Urticaria Urticaria Urticaria is raised, well-circumscribed areas (wheals) of edema (swelling) and erythema (redness) involving the dermis and epidermis with associated pruritus (itch). Urticaria is not a single disease but rather is a reaction pattern representing cutaneous mast cell degranulation. Urticaria (Hives)

Contraindicaciones

Insuficiencia renal
Insuficiencia hepática
Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 1
Cetoacidosis diabética

Interacciones medicamentosas

↑ Efecto hipoglucemiante:
- Otros medicamentos antidiabéticos
- Andrógenos
- Agentes antivirales de acción directa
- Antidepresivos
↑ Toxicidad de:
- IECA
- Digoxina
La terapia combinada con agonistas del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1 no brinda beneficios adicionales.

Comparación de Medicamentos Antidiabéticos

La siguiente tabla compara los LOS Neisseria medicamentos no insulínicos para la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2:

Tabla: Comparación de los LOS Neisseria medicamentos no insulínicos para la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus tipo 2
Medicamento	Mecanismo	Indicaciones	Efectos secundarios
Sulfonilureas	Actúan sobre los LOS Neisseria canales de potasio de las células beta ↑ Liberación de insulina	Terapia complementaria Hiperglucemia severa (si hay contraindicaciones a otros agentes)	Hipoglucemia Aumento de peso Reacción tipo disulfiram Hepatitis Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types hemolítica
Meglitinidas		Terapia complementaria Pueden reemplazar a las sulfonilureas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum personas alérgicas	Hipoglucemia Aumento de peso Infecciones del tracto respiratorio
Agonistas del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1	Miméticos de la incretina Actúan sobre las células beta y alfa ↑ Liberación de insulina ↓ Liberación de glucagón ↓ Vaciado gástrico y apetito	Terapia complementaria Control de peso	Náuseas y vómitos Diarrea Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of chronic pancreatitis. The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are alcoholic pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis Injuria renal
Inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4	Previenen la descomposición del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1 ↑ Liberación de insulina ↓ Liberación de glucagón	Terapia complementaria	Nasofaringitis Artralgia Disfunción hepática Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of chronic pancreatitis. The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are alcoholic pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis Insuficiencia cardíaca
Biguanidas	↓ Resistencia a la insulina ↓ Gluconeogénesis	Medicamento de elección Pueden utilizarse como monoterapia	Síntomas gastrointestinales Acidosis Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. Respiratory Acidosis láctica Deficiencia de vitamina B ₁₂
Tiazolidinedionas	Activación del receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors activado por el proliferador de peroxisomas ↑ Transcripción de genes Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. DNA Types and Structure para la utilización de lípidos y glucosa ↓ Resistencia a la insulina	Terapia complementaria Pioglitazona: esteatohepatitis no alcohólica concurrente	Aumento de peso/retención de líquidos Eventos cardiovasculares Hepatotoxicidad Osteoporosis Osteoporosis Osteoporosis refers to a decrease in bone mass and density leading to an increased number of fractures. There are 2 forms of osteoporosis: primary, which is commonly postmenopausal or senile; and secondary, which is a manifestation of immobilization, underlying medical disorders, or long-term use of certain medications. Osteoporosis
Inhibidores de alfa-glucosidasa	Inhiben la conversión de carbohidratos a monosacáridos Absorción lenta de glucosa ↓ Excursión de glucosa postprandial	Se pueden utilizar como monoterapia (no como 1ra línea) Terapia complementaria	Síntomas gastrointestinales ↑ Pruebas de función hepática
Inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa 2	Inhiben la reabsorción de glucosa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el túbulo renal proximal ↑ Excreción urinaria de glucosa	Terapia complementaria Beneficio cardiovascular y renal	Infecciones genitourinarias Cetoacidosis diabética Depleción de volumen
Análogos de la amilina	Enlentecimiento del vaciado gástrico ↑ Saciedad ↓ Secreción postprandial de glucagón	Se utilizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 y 2 Se deben utilizar junto con insulina prandial	Náuseas Hipoglucemia

Los LOS Neisseria efectos de los LOS Neisseria medicamentos para la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus sobre el peso pueden ser un factor importante en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la elección de la terapia de un individuo:

Pérdida de peso:
- Miméticos del péptido similar al AL Amyloidosis glucagón-1
- Inhibidores de la proteína transportadora de sodio-glucosa 2
Peso neutral:
- Inhibidores de alfa-glucosidasa
- Inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-4
Aumento de peso:
- Insulina
- Sulfonilureas
- Tiazolidinedionas
- Meglitinidas

Referencias

Nolte Kennedy, M.S. (2012). Pancreatic hormones & antidiabetic drugs. In Katzung, B. G., Masters, S. B., & Trevor, A. J. (Eds.), Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 12th edition, pp. 743–765. McGraw-Hill Education. https://pharmacomedicale.org/images/cnpm/CNPM_2016/katzung-pharmacology.pdf
Dungan, K., and DeSantis, A. (2021). Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Mulder, J.E. (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved September 12, 2021, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-dpp-4-inhibitors-for-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus
Dungan, K., and DeSantis, A. (2021). Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Mulder, J.E. (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved September 12, 2021, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-for-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus
Wexler, D. (2020). Sulfonylureas and meglitinides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Mulder, J.E. (Ed.), UpToDate. Retrieved September 10, 2021, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sulfonylureas-and-meglitinides-in-the-treatment-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus
Feingold, K.R. (2020). Oral and injectable (non-insulin) pharmacological agents for type 2 diabetes. In Feingold, K.R., Anawalt, B., Boyce, A., et al. (Eds.), Endotext. MDText.com, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279141/

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