Virus de la Encefalitis Equina

Clasificación

Características Generales y Epidemiología

Características generales del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la encefalitis equina

• Familia: Togaviridae Togaviridae A family of RNA viruses, mainly arboviruses, consisting of two genera: alphavirus (group A arboviruses), and rubivirus. Virions are spherical, 60-70 nm in diameter, with a lipoprotein envelope tightly applied to the icosahedral nucleocapsid. Rubella Virus
• Género: Alphavirus Alphavirus A genus of togaviridae, also known as group a arboviruses, serologically related to each other but not to other togaviridae. The viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes. The type species is the sindbis virus. Equine Encephalitis Viruses
• Genoma:
  • ARN monocatenario de sentido positivo
  • 11–12 kb de tamaño
• Propiedades:
  • Envuelto
  • La envoltura de bicapa lipídica tiene glicoproteínas E1 E1 An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from androstenedione directly, or from testosterone via estradiol. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, placenta, and the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women. Noncontraceptive Estrogen and Progestins y E2 codificadas por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology.
  • Cápside icosaédrica pequeña
• Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology clínicamente relevantes y distribución geográfica:
  • Complejo del virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la encefalitis equina del este:
    • Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la encefalitis equina del este: América del Norte (costas del Atlántico y del Golfo) y el Caribe
    • Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology Madariaga: América del Sur y Central
  • Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la encefalitis equina occidental: América del Norte y del Sur
  • Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la encefalitis equina venezolana: América Central y del Sur

Epidemiología

• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos:
  • El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la encefalitis equina del este es el más común de los LOS Neisseria 3 virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology.
  • Las infecciones son raras y esporádicas.
  • Incidencia máxima: agosto y septiembre
• Las inundaciones aumentan la reproducción de mosquitos → ↑ riesgo de infección
• Tanto los LOS Neisseria humanos como los LOS Neisseria caballos pueden infectarse y desarrollar encefalitis.

Fisiopatología

Vector y transmisión

• Mosquitos: vector artrópodo primario
• El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology tiene diferentes reservorios o huéspedes amplificadores: aves domésticas y silvestres, mamíferos
• Transmisión:
  • El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology es mantenido por aves y mosquitos ( Culiseta melanura Culiseta melanura Equine Encephalitis Viruses con infección por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la encefalitis equina del este) en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un ciclo mosquito-ave-mosquito.
  • La transmisión viral entre vertebrados se ve VE Ventilation: Mechanics of Breathing facilitada por vectores puente (otros mosquitos o artrópodos que se alimentan de sangre).
  • Especies de mosquitos que sirven como vectores puente:
    • Especies de Coquillettidia Coquillettidia Equine Encephalitis Viruses
    • Especies de Aedes
    • Especies de Culex
  • Los LOS Neisseria seres humanos son infectados por los LOS Neisseria vectores puente que pican a los LOS Neisseria seres humanos.
    • Si bien los LOS Neisseria humanos pueden desarrollar enfermedades, se les considera huéspedes sin salida.
    • La viremia Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood. Erythema Infectiosum en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum humanos es generalmente insuficiente para infectar a los LOS Neisseria mosquitos / vectores que se alimentan.
• El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology también se puede utilizar como agente de bioterrorismo (mediante transmisión por aerosol).

Características patogénicas e infección viral.

• Mosquito hembra infectada pica Pica Pica is an eating disorder characterized by a desire or recurrent compulsion to eat substances that are nonnutritive and not food. These compulsions and ingested substances are inappropriate for age or culture. Pica un humano → el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology ingresa al AL Amyloidosis torrente sanguíneo → ingresa a las células huésped (células mieloides o linfoides) a través de la endocitosis viral
• Proteínas virales de envoltura E1 E1 An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from androstenedione directly, or from testosterone via estradiol. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, placenta, and the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women. Noncontraceptive Estrogen and Progestins y E2:
  • Ayudan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la adhesión y penetración de virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology.
  • E1 E1 An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from androstenedione directly, or from testosterone via estradiol. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, placenta, and the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women. Noncontraceptive Estrogen and Progestins puede provocar hemaglutinación al AL Amyloidosis fusionarse con los LOS Neisseria lípidos de la membrana
• Replicación viral:
  • Ocurre en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el citoplasma (fase virémica)
  • El ARN genómico de sentido positivo actúa como ARNm.
• Los LOS Neisseria viriones maduran gemando de las membranas plasmáticas → infectan otras células
• Neuroinvasión:
  • El virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology atraviesa la barrera hematoencefálica y se multiplica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el SNC.
  • Conduce a necrosis Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. Ischemic Cell Damage/neuronofagia neuronal e irritación meníngea
  • La invasión depende de:
    • Nivel de viremia Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood. Erythema Infectiosum
    • Virulencia de la cepa
    • Respuesta inmune del huésped
  • Riesgo de infección del SNC depende de la edad, y se incrementa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:
    • Bebés/niños pequeños
    • Ancianos

Enfermedades

Enfermedad menor

• 1ra fase (desde la picadura de mosquito hasta la replicación viral en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum tejido no neural)
• Período de incubación: 4–10 días después de la picadura de un mosquito
• Pródromo de 7–10 días:
  • Fiebre
  • Cefalea
  • Náuseas/vómitos
• La mayoría de los LOS Neisseria casos se manifiestan de forma subclínica o solo producen fiebre leve.
• Los LOS Neisseria pacientes con enfermedades virales leves (y sin afectación del SNC) se recuperan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 1–2 semanas.

Enfermedad mayor

• 2da fase: multiplicación viral en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el cerebro
• La encefalitis o inflamación/ edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema de la parénquima cerebral afecta al AL Amyloidosis 2% y al AL Amyloidosis 6% de los LOS Neisseria adultos y niños infectados, respectivamente.
  • Los LOS Neisseria signos y síntomas incluyen:
    • Cefalea
    • Fiebre alta
    • Dolor Dolor Inflammation muscular
    • Fotofobia
    • Alteración del estado mental
    • Convulsiones y parálisis de pares craneales en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el 50% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes
    • Puede manifestarse como fontanela abultada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum bebés
  • La tasa de mortalidad puede alcanzar el 20%–30% según el tipo de virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de encefalitis equina y los LOS Neisseria factores del huésped.
  • Los LOS Neisseria supervivientes tienen secuelas neurológicas graves que pueden incluir:
    • Discapacidad intelectual
    • Epilepsia
    • Parálisis
    • Sordera
    • Ceguera

Diagnóstico y Tratamiento

• Enfoque diagnóstico:
  • Hallazgos clínicos compatibles con encefalitis
  • Hallazgos de laboratorio:
    • Leucocitosis
    • Hiponatremia
    • Análisis del LCR: pleocitosis, ↑ concentración de proteínas
  • Determinación de virus:
    • IgM específica de virus: < 4 veces de aumento en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum anticuerpos específicos
    • Antígeno viral o secuencias genómicas (usando ensayos de PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)) en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum LCR, sangre o tejido
  • Imagenología: la RM es más sensible para mostrar anomalías (lesiones focales en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria ganglios basales, el tronco encefálico y los LOS Neisseria tálamos).
• Tratamiento: de soporte (sin tratamiento específico)
• Prevención:
  • Control de mosquitos
  • Evitar las picaduras de mosquitos (ropa protectora, repelentes de mosquitos)