Parvovirus B19

Clasificación

Características Generales

Estructura

• Familia Parvoviridae Parvoviridae A family of very small DNA viruses containing a single molecule of single-stranded DNA and consisting of two subfamilies: parvovirinae and densovirinae. They infect both vertebrates and invertebrates. Parvovirus B19
• Género Erythroparvovirus Erythroparvovirus Parvovirus B19
• No envuelto, cápside icosaédrica y genoma de ADN monocatenario lineal
• Muy pequeño: aproximadamente 22–24 nm de diámetro

Características básicas

• Descubierto en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 1974
• Dificultad para propagar el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cultivos celulares estándar
• Tropismo único por las células progenitoras eritroides humanas

Epidemiología y Patogénesis

Epidemiología

• La infección se produce a todas las edades, pero es más frecuente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum niños de 3–15 años.
• Los LOS Neisseria brotes suelen producirse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum escuelas y guarderías, y son más frecuentes entre finales de invierno y principios de verano.
• El 90% de los LOS Neisseria pacientes ≥ 60 años son seropositivos.

Patogénesis

• Reservorios:
  • Los LOS Neisseria parvovirus suelen causar enfermedad en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum animales e insectos.
  • El B19 es el principal patógeno del parvovirus humano.
• Transmisión:
  • Gotículas respiratorias infectadas
  • Transmisión por sangre
  • El riesgo de ataque secundario para los LOS Neisseria miembros del hogar expuestos es del 50% y para los LOS Neisseria contactos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el aula del 25%.
• Ciclo de vida del B19: el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology se une a los LOS Neisseria receptores de la célula huésped → endocitosis → translocación del genoma al AL Amyloidosis núcleo del huésped → replicación del ADN → transcripción del ARN → ensamblaje de la cápside y empaquetamiento del genoma → lisis celular con liberación de viriones maduros

Fisiopatología

• Infección inicial con B19 en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el lugar de entrada (generalmente el tracto respiratorio superior) → se extiende a las células precursoras eritroides de rápida división en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la médula ósea, que expresan un antígeno sanguíneo P
• Una vez dentro de la célula huésped, el ADN viral entra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el núcleo → el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology es citotóxico para las células → ↓ eritrogénesis:
  • El B19 requiere el receptor Receptor Receptors are proteins located either on the surface of or within a cell that can bind to signaling molecules known as ligands (e.g., hormones) and cause some type of response within the cell. Receptors del antígeno sanguíneo P para entrar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la célula.
  • Pocos individuos que carecen de antígeno P son inmunes.

Enfermedades Causadas por el Parvovirus B19

Pacientes sanos

• Eritema infeccioso (5ta enfermedad): enfermedad bifásica que se presenta principalmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum niños
  • Fase inicial:
    • Reflejo de la infección lítica
    • Marcada por síntomas inespecíficos similares a los LOS Neisseria de la gripe
    • ↓ Niveles de hemoglobina
  • Fase inmunomediada:
    • Comienza 2–3 semanas después
    • Se caracteriza por erupción y artralgia: la “erupción de mejilla abofeteada” aparece primero en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la cara → se extiende a los LOS Neisseria brazos y las piernas
  • El diagnóstico generalmente se basa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la presentación clínica; si el diagnóstico no está claro, puede ser necesario realizar pruebas de anticuerpos IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis e IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions mediante ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas ( ELISA ELISA An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés).
  • Tratamiento: enfermedad autolimitante que solo requiere tratamiento de soporte
• El síndrome de poliartropatía en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum adultos puede no ir precedido por una erupción.
  • Dolor Dolor Inflammation articular agudo y simétrico
  • Generalmente afecta pies, rodillas, manos y muñecas
  • No hay daños articulares duraderos
  • Enfermedad autolimitante; se resuelve en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum 3 semanas
  • Tratamiento: analgesia Analgesia Methods of pain relief that may be used with or in place of analgesics. Anesthesiology: History and Basic Concepts sintomática (AINE) para las articulaciones dolorosas y cuidados de soporte

Pacientes inmunocomprometidos

Aplasia Aplasia Cranial Nerve Palsies pura de eritrocitos:

• No se pueden eliminar las infecciones por parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19 → conduce a aplasia Aplasia Cranial Nerve Palsies de los LOS Neisseria eritrocitos y sus precursores
• Puede no tener los LOS Neisseria signos clásicos de infección
• Causa anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types crónica
• Puede ser potencialmente mortal
• Diagnóstico: la reacción en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cadena de la polimerasa ( PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) para el parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (generally referred to as parvovirus B19, B19 virus, or sometimes erythrovirus B19) ranks among the smallest DNA viruses. Parvovirus B19 is of the family Parvoviridae and genus Erythrovirus. In immunocompetent humans, parvovirus B19 classically results in erythema infectiosum (5th disease) or “slapped cheek syndrome.” Parvovirus B19 detecta la infección.
• Tratamiento:
  • Dirigido a reducir la inmunosupresión si es posible (e.g., reducir la dosis de quimioterapia)
  • Tratamiento con inmunoglobulina intravenosa
  • En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum casos graves, trasplante de médula ósea

Pacientes con hemoglobinopatías

En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las personas con hemoglobinopatías (e.g., enfermedad de células falciformes) puede producirse una crisis aplásica transitoria:

• La reticulocitopenia transitoria (7–10 días) conduce a ↓ niveles de hemoglobina.
• Los LOS Neisseria síntomas incluyen:
  • Fiebre
  • Malestar
  • Prurito
  • Escalofríos
  • Posiblemente artralgia
  • Erupción maculopapular Maculopapular Dermatologic Examination
• Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types
• Generalmente se resuelve en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum semanas
• Tratamiento: transfusión para hemoglobina < 6 g/dl con pocos reticulocitos

Mujeres embarazadas

• Hidropesía fetal:
  • Se define como una acumulación anormal de líquido en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria tejidos blandos del feto
  • Se cree que se debe a una anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types aguda causada por el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology: la disminución del número de eritrocitos y el aumento de la necesidad de volumen circulante conducen a la retención de líquidos.
  • Se asocia con riesgo aumentado de muerte fetal
  • Tratamiento:
    • Transfusión intrauterina
    • Tratamiento con inmunoglobulina intravenosa
    • Intubación postnatal/soporte ventilatorio y tratamiento con líquidos
• Muerte fetal in utero:
  • Riesgo ↑ cuanto más temprano se contraiga la infección durante la gestación.
  • El sistema inmunitario fetal inmaduro es menos capaz de luchar contra las infecciones.
• Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types congénita:
  • El recambio fetal de eritrocitos es más rápido que en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vida postnatal.
  • Hace HACE Altitude Sickness que el feto sea más susceptible a anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types
• La afectación por parvovirus generalmente se identifica mediante pruebas de anticuerpos IgG IgG The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of igg, for example, igg1, igg2a, and igg2b. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis e IgM IgM A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (immunoglobulin mu-chains). Igm can fix complement. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin. Immunoglobulins: Types and Functions por ELISA ELISA An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus.

Comparación de las Erupciones Infantiles más Comunes