Echinococcus/Equinococosis

Características Generales y Epidemiología

Características generales de la equinococosis

La equinococosis es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por las tenias de Echinococcus Echinococcus Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus tapeworms. Infection most often occurs from the ingestion of Echinococcus eggs in food or water contaminated with dog feces. Signs and symptoms are caused by hydatid cyst development in visceral organs and depend on the species. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis. Las características incluyen:

Huevos:

• Pequeños
• Redondos
• Concha gruesa
• Contienen un embrión de 6 ganchos (hexacanto)

Adultos:

• Pequeños (1,2–7 mm de longitud, según la especie)
• Cuerpo en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum forma de cinta:
  • Escólex:
    • Rostelo lleno de ganchos
    • 4 ventosas laterales
  • Cuello
  • Estróbilo con 3–6 proglótidos:
    • Segmentados
    • Contienen conjuntos de órganos reproductores
• Pueden reproducirse por autofecundación
• Absorbe los LOS Neisseria nutrientes:
  • Sin boca ni ano
  • No hay sistema digestivo

Especies clínicamente relevantes

• Equinococosis quística: E. granulosus E. granulosus A species of hydatid tapeworm (class cestoda) in the family taeniidae, whose adult form infects the digestive tract of dogs, other canines, and cats. The larval form infects sheep; pigs; horses; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis (la más común)
• Equinococosis alveolar: E. multilocularis E. multilocularis A north temperate species of tapeworm (cestoda) whose adult form infects foxes and wild rodents. The larval form can infect humans producing hepatic hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis
• Equinococosis poliquística (neotropical): E. vogeli E. vogeli Echinococcus/Echinococcosis
• Equinococosis unicística (neotropical): E. oligarthrus E. oligarthrus Echinococcus/Echinococcosis

Epidemiología

E. granulosus E. granulosus A species of hydatid tapeworm (class cestoda) in the family taeniidae, whose adult form infects the digestive tract of dogs, other canines, and cats. The larval form infects sheep; pigs; horses; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis:

• Distribución geográfica:
  • América del Sur
  • Oriente Medio
  • Mediterráneo Oriental
  • África Subsahariana
  • China Occidental
  • Australia y Nueva Zelanda
• Prevalencia: 2%–6% en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las regiones endémicas
• Incidencia: Aproximadamente 50 casos por cada 100 000 personas al AL Amyloidosis año en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las regiones endémicas
• Edad media: 30–40 años

E. multilocularis E. multilocularis A north temperate species of tapeworm (cestoda) whose adult form infects foxes and wild rodents. The larval form can infect humans producing hepatic hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis:

• Distribución geográfica:
  • Europa del Norte y Central
  • Siberia
  • Asia ASIA Spinal Cord Injuries
  • América del Norte
• Incidencia: 1–20 casos por cada 100 000 personas al AL Amyloidosis año en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum regiones endémicas
• Edad media: > 50 años

E. vogeli E. vogeli Echinococcus/Echinococcosis y E. oligarthrus E. oligarthrus Echinococcus/Echinococcosis:

• Distribución geográfica: América Central y del Sur
• Rara

Patogénesis

Huéspedes

E. granulosus E. granulosus A species of hydatid tapeworm (class cestoda) in the family taeniidae, whose adult form infects the digestive tract of dogs, other canines, and cats. The larval form infects sheep; pigs; horses; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis:

• Huéspedes definitivos: perros
• Huéspedes intermediarios:
  • Ovejas
  • Caballos
  • Cabras
  • Ciervos
  • Camellos
• Los LOS Neisseria humanos son huéspedes incidentales.

E. multilocularis E. multilocularis A north temperate species of tapeworm (cestoda) whose adult form infects foxes and wild rodents. The larval form can infect humans producing hepatic hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis:

• Huéspedes definitivos:
  • Perros
  • Zorros
  • Coyotes
• Huéspedes intermediarios: roedores
• Los LOS Neisseria humanos son huéspedes incidentales.

Transmisión

La transmisión se produce a través de la ingestión de huevos, generalmente a través de alimentos o agua contaminados con heces de animales.

Ciclo de vida

E. granulosus E. granulosus A species of hydatid tapeworm (class cestoda) in the family taeniidae, whose adult form infects the digestive tract of dogs, other canines, and cats. The larval form infects sheep; pigs; horses; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis:

• La tenia adulta habita en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el intestino delgado del huésped definitivo → libera huevos → se eliminan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las heces
• Ingeridos por un huésped intermediario → los LOS Neisseria huevos eclosionan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el intestino delgado
• Las oncósferas penetran la pared intestinal → torrente sanguíneo → llegan a los LOS Neisseria órganos viscerales
• Desarrollo del quiste hidatídico → producen protoscólices y quistes hijos
• El huésped definitivo ingiere los LOS Neisseria órganos infectados.
• Los LOS Neisseria protoescólices abandonan el quiste → se adhieren al AL Amyloidosis intestino → se convierten en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum gusanos adultos → el ciclo continúa

E. multilocularis E. multilocularis A north temperate species of tapeworm (cestoda) whose adult form infects foxes and wild rodents. The larval form can infect humans producing hepatic hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis:

• La tenia adulta habita en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el intestino delgado del huésped definitivo → libera huevos → se eliminan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las heces
• Ingeridos por un huésped intermediario → los LOS Neisseria huevos eclosionan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el intestino delgado
• Las oncósferas penetran la pared intestinal → torrente sanguíneo → llegan a los LOS Neisseria órganos viscerales
• Desarrollo de un quiste hidatídico mutilocular de paredes delgadas (alveolar) → proliferación por brotación hacia el exterior → producción de protoescólices
• El huésped definitivo ingiere los LOS Neisseria órganos infectados.
• Los LOS Neisseria protoescólices abandonan el quiste → se adhieren al AL Amyloidosis intestino → se convierten en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum gusanos adultos → el ciclo continúa

Fisiopatología

• Ingestión de huevos por el humano→ liberación de oncósferas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el intestino
• Migración a órganos viscerales → quistes hidatídicos
• Ruptura del quiste → se liberan protoescólices → pueden desarrollarse quistes secundarios en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum otros sitios

Presentación Clínica

Tanto la equinococosis quística como la alveolar se caracterizan por períodos de incubación asintomáticos (de meses a años).

Equinococosis quística

Los LOS Neisseria síntomas dependen de:

• Carga parasitaria
• Sitio de los LOS Neisseria quistes (cualquier órgano puede estar infectado)
• Tamaño de los LOS Neisseria quistes (pueden causar complicaciones por efecto de masa y obstrucción)
• Nota: La ruptura de los LOS Neisseria quistes puede causar un shock Shock Shock is a life-threatening condition associated with impaired circulation that results in tissue hypoxia. The different types of shock are based on the underlying cause: distributive (↑ cardiac output (CO), ↓ systemic vascular resistance (SVR)), cardiogenic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), hypovolemic (↓ CO, ↑ SVR), obstructive (↓ CO), and mixed. Types of Shock anafiláctico.

Hígado (75% de los LOS Neisseria casos):

• Signos y síntomas generales:
  • A menudo asintomático
  • Dolor Dolor Inflammation abdominal
  • Náuseas y vómitos
  • Hepatomegalia
  • Masa abdominal
  • Ictericia
  • Fiebre
• Complicaciones de la rotura de un quiste en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el árbol biliar:
  • Cólico biliar
  • Ictericia obstructiva
  • Colangitis
  • Pancreatitis Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of chronic pancreatitis. The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are alcoholic pancreatitis and gallstone pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis
• Complicaciones del efecto de masa sobre los LOS Neisseria conductos biliares o las venas:
  • Colestasis
  • Hipertensión portal
  • Síndrome de Budd–Chiari

Pulmones (5%–15% de los LOS Neisseria casos):

• Signos y síntomas generales:
  • Tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome crónica
  • Disnea
  • Dolor Dolor Inflammation de pecho
  • Hemoptisis
• Complicaciones de la rotura de quistes:
  • Neumotórax
  • Derrame pleural
  • Infección bacteriana secundaria

Sistema nervioso central:

• Cefalea
  • Cefalea
  • Mareo
  • Disminución del nivel de conciencia
  • Convulsiones
• Médula espinal:
  • Parestesias
  • Debilidad

Otros órganos o sistemas:

• Corazón: taponamiento pericárdico
• Riñones: hematuria Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine. Renal Cell Carcinoma
• Huesos: fracturas patológicas
• Ojos: quistes oculares

Equinococosis alveolar

• Malestar
• Pérdida de peso
• Dolor Dolor Inflammation en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cuadrante superior derecho
• Hepatomegalia
• Ictericia
• Colangitis
• Hipertensión portal
• Síndrome de Budd–Chiari

Diagnóstico

Imagenología

El pilar del diagnóstico es la imagenología de los LOS Neisseria quistes hidatídicos.

Ultrasonido:

• 90%–95% sensibilidad
• Hallazgos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la equinococosis quística:
  • Quiste redondo, anecoico y liso
  • Tabiques internos → quistes hijos
  • Contenido fino y ecogénico (“arena hidatídica”) → protoescólices
  • “Calcificaciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cáscara de huevo” → quistes con bordes calcificados
• Hallazgos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la equinococosis alveolar:
  • Quistes irregulares sin paredes bien definidas
  • Necrosis Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. Ischemic Cell Damage central
  • Paredes con calcificaciones irregulares

Tomografía computarizada (TC):

• Mayor utilidad para determinar el número, tamaño y localización de los LOS Neisseria quistes
• Mejor que el ultrasonido para:
  • Detectar quistes extrahepáticos
  • Evaluar las complicaciones (e.g., rupturas)

Resonancia magnética (RM):

• No se solicita de manera frecuente
• No hay ninguna ventaja importante sobre la TC

Serología

Las pruebas serológicas se utilizan para diagnosticar la equinococosis y para el seguimiento después del tratamiento.

• Más sensible para E. multilocularis E. multilocularis A north temperate species of tapeworm (cestoda) whose adult form infects foxes and wild rodents. The larval form can infect humans producing hepatic hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis que para E. granulosus E. granulosus A species of hydatid tapeworm (class cestoda) in the family taeniidae, whose adult form infects the digestive tract of dogs, other canines, and cats. The larval form infects sheep; pigs; horses; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent hydatid cysts. Echinococcus/Echinococcosis
• Opciones:
  • Hemaglutinación indirecta
  • Ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas ( ELISA ELISA An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés)
  • Inmunofluorescencia indirecta
  • Inmunoblot
  • Aglutinación del látex

Tratamiento y Prevención

Tratamiento

Existen 4 estrategias de tratamiento: observación, terapia médica, drenaje percutáneo y cirugía.

La observación es apropiada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum:

• Quistes hepáticos inactivos
• Ausencia de complicaciones

Terapia médica:

• Tratamiento definitivo de los LOS Neisseria quistes pequeños de un solo compartimento
• A menudo se utiliza como terapia complementaria con el drenaje percutáneo y cirugía
• Opciones:
  • Albendazol (preferido)
  • Mebendazol
  • Praziquantel Praziquantel An anthelmintic used in most schistosome and many cestode infestations. Anthelmintic Drugs

Drenaje percutáneo:

• Implica el drenaje del quiste y la inyección de solución salina hipertónica (escolicida) en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la cavidad quística
• Riesgo de anafilaxis

Cirugía:

• Tratamiento de elección para quistes complicados
• El objetivo es eliminar todo el quiste.
• Se inyecta solución salina hipertónica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el quiste antes de intentar la extirpación quirúrgica.

Prevención

• Evitar que los LOS Neisseria perros se alimenten del ganado o roedores.
• Controlar las poblaciones de perros callejeros.
• Evitar el contacto con zorros, coyotes y perros callejeros.
• Lavarse las manos después del contacto con los LOS Neisseria perros.
• Mejorar el saneamiento del agua.
• Evitar el consumo de alimentos contaminados.

Comparación de las Especies Tenia

Diagnóstico Diferencial

• Ascariasis Ascariasis Ascariasis is most often caused by A. lumbricoides. If symptomatic, characteristics typically follow 2 phases, which correlate with the migration of the parasite through the body. The early phase may include cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. The late phase typically includes abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea, and intermittent diarrhea. Ascaris/Ascariasis: infección causada por el parásito Ascaris Ascaris Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematodes. The infection, ascariasis, is most often caused by A. lumbricoides. Transmission occurs primarily via ingestion of water or food contaminated with Ascaris eggs. Most patients with ascariasis are asymptomatic. Ascaris/Ascariasis lumbricoides: la transmisión se produce por la ingestión de agua o alimentos contaminados con huevos de Ascaris Ascaris Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematodes. The infection, ascariasis, is most often caused by A. lumbricoides. Transmission occurs primarily via ingestion of water or food contaminated with Ascaris eggs. Most patients with ascariasis are asymptomatic. Ascaris/Ascariasis. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden ser asintomáticos o pueden experimentar tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome y hemoptisis. Una gran carga de lombrices puede causar obstrucción intestinal y afectar el crecimiento de los LOS Neisseria niños. El examen coprológico puede mostrar la presencia de gusanos o huevos. El tratamiento es con terapia antihelmíntica.
• Carcinoma hepatocelular: es el cáncer primario más frecuente de hígado: suele surgir en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un hígado crónicamente enfermo o cirrótico: los LOS Neisseria síntomas constitucionales son raros y el dolor Dolor Inflammation en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el cuadrante superior derecho no suele aparecer. La imagenología mostrará una masa bien definida con realce durante la fase arterial y desvanecimiento durante la fase venosa. El pilar del tratamiento es la resección hepática.
• Absceso hepático piogénico: infección polimicrobiana que surge de la diseminación contigua o hematógena: los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden presentar una tríada de fiebre, malestar general y dolor Dolor Inflammation en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el cuadrante superior derecho. La imagenología revelará lesiones solitarias o múltiples en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el ultrasonido o la TC. Estas lesiones suelen estar bien definidas y con realce en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria bordes en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum imagenología con contraste. El diagnóstico requiere aspiración con cultivo y tinción de Gram. El método principal de tratamiento es una combinación de drenaje y terapia antibiótica intravenosa.
• Cirrosis: fase tardía de necrosis Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. Ischemic Cell Damage y cicatrización hepática. La etiología varía desde la infecciosa ( virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la hepatitis) hasta la inducida por toxinas (alcohol). Los LOS Neisseria síntomas de la cirrosis suelen ser inespecíficos (e.g., fatiga, anorexia Anorexia The lack or loss of appetite accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder anorexia nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa, pérdida de peso). La descompensación se produce en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum una fase tardía de la enfermedad, con manifestaciones como ictericia, ascitis, hipertensión portal e insuficiencia hepática. A diferencia de la equinococosis, el ultrasonido mostrará nodularidades del hígado. Para el diagnóstico se suele requerir una biopsia de hígado. El tratamiento es principalmente de soporte, siendo el trasplante de hígado el único tratamiento curativo.
• Cáncer de pulmón: transformación maligna del tejido pulmonar: los LOS Neisseria síntomas incluyen tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, disnea, pérdida de peso y molestias en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el pecho. La diseminación regional y metastásica provocan síntomas y complicaciones adicionales según la localización y los LOS Neisseria órganos afectados. El diagnóstico definitivo y la estadificación se realizan mediante biopsia, identificación de mutaciones genéticas con pruebas de biomarcadores e imagenología. El tratamiento se basa en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el estadio del cáncer y el perfil molecular asociado.
• Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis: enfermedad causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria. The bacteria usually attack the lungs but can also damage other parts of the body. Approximately 30% of people around the world are infected with this pathogen, with the majority harboring a latent infection. Tuberculosis spreads through the air when a person with active pulmonary infection coughs or sneezes. Tuberculosis: los LOS Neisseria síntomas incluyen fiebre, tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome productiva, sudores nocturnos y pérdida de peso. Las lesiones pulmonares cavitatorias, que podrían parecerse a un quiste hidatídico, pueden verse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la imagenología. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante la identificación de bacilos ácido-resistentes en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el cultivo de esputo. Se requieren múltiples medicamentos antimicrobianos para su tratamiento, incluyendo isoniazida, rifampicina, pirazinamida y etambutol.