Ojo: Anatomía

Desarrollo

General

• Se desarrolla a partir del prosencéfalo
• Regulado por el gen PAX6
• La placoda del cristalino origina el cristalino.
• La copa óptica origina la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy.

Cronología

• Comienza en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la semana 3, con la formación de los LOS Neisseria surcos ópticos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el prosencéfalo
• Los LOS Neisseria surcos ópticos se fusionan para convertirse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las vesículas ópticas.
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la semana 4, las vesículas ópticas forman la copa óptica, que se convierte en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy.
• Continúa hasta la semana 10 del desarrollo embrionario

Anatomía Macroscópica

Características generales

El ojo adulto es un órgano complejo contenido dentro de la cavidad orbitaria (compuesta por 7 huesos). Cada ojo tiene múltiples capas y cámaras y está rodeado por 7 músculos extraoculares.

• Capas del ojo:
  • Capa fibrosa: esclerótica y córnea
  • Capa vascular (la úvea): coroides, cuerpo ciliar e iris
  • Capa neural: retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy y nervio óptico
• Cámaras del ojo:
  • Anterior: entre la córnea y el iris
  • Posterior: entre el iris y el cristalino
  • Vítrea: entre el cristalino y la pared posterior del ojo
• Componentes de la órbita:
  • 6 músculos extraoculares:
    • Oblicuo superior
    • Oblicuo inferior
    • Recto lateral
    • Recto medial
    • Recto inferior
    • Recto superior
  • Elevador del párpado superior
  • Aparato lagrimal:
    • Glándulas lagrimales y sus respectivos conductos
    • Produce lágrimas para proporcionar lubricación
  • Nervios y vasos sanguíneos
• Función: sentido de la visión
  • Los LOS Neisseria medios refractivos dirigen y refractan la luz a la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy. La luz viaja a través de:
    • Córnea
    • Cristalino
    • Humor Humor Defense Mechanisms acuoso
    • Cuerpo vítreo
  • El cristalino y el cuerpo ciliar ajustan el rango de acomodación
  • La retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy contiene fotorreceptores (bastones y conos) y el nervio óptico

Capas del ojo

El ojo está compuesto por 3 capas (fibrosa, vascular, neural) y una cubierta de tejido conectivo transparente (conjuntiva).

Conjuntiva :

• Tejido conectivo laxo y transparente que cubre el ojo (conjuntiva bulbar).
• Se adhiere firmemente al AL Amyloidosis limbo de la córnea
• Se dobla sobre sí misma para formar la capa interna del párpado (conjuntiva palpebral)
• Altamente vascular
• Mantiene la lubricación normal del ojo

Capa fibrosa:

• Córnea:
  • Cubre la cara anterior del ojo
  • Aproximadamente el 15% de la capa fibrosa
  • Transparente, avascular Avascular Corneal Abrasions, Erosion, and Ulcers y ricamente inervada
  • Responsable de la refracción inicial de la luz
• Esclerótica:
  • Continua con la córnea
  • Cubre la cara posterior del ojo
  • > 80% de capa fibrosa
  • Vista como la parte blanca del ojo
  • Sitio de inserción de los LOS Neisseria músculos extraoculares
• Limbo:
  • Borde entre la córnea y la esclerótica
  • Vía de salida del humor Humor Defense Mechanisms acuoso
  • Sitio de la incisión quirúrgica para la cirugía de cataratas y glaucoma Glaucoma Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by typical visual field defects and optic nerve atrophy seen as optic disc cupping on examination. The acute form of glaucoma is a medical emergency. Glaucoma is often, but not always, caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma

Capa vascular:

• Úvea o tracto uveal:
  • Compuesta por el iris, el cuerpo ciliar y la coroides
  • Se encuentra entre la esclerótica y la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy
  • La porción anterior es el iris y el cuerpo ciliar.
  • La porción posterior es la coroides.
• Coroides (úvea posterior):
  • Capa marrón rojiza entre la esclerótica y la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy
  • Contiene grandes vasos externos y un lecho capilar más interno
  • Fuente de oxígeno/nutrientes para la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy
  • Se continúa anteriormente con cuerpo ciliar
• Cuerpo ciliar:
  • Estructura muscular que conecta la coroides con la circunferencia del iris.
  • Altera la forma y el grosor del cristalino (acomodación)
  • Los LOS Neisseria procesos ciliares secretan humor Humor Defense Mechanisms acuoso.
• Iris:
  • Diafragma pigmentado con apertura central (pupila)
  • En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la superficie anterior del cristalino
  • Los LOS Neisseria músculos del esfínter dentro del iris ajustan el tamaño de la pupila en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum respuesta a la luz y al AL Amyloidosis sistema nervioso autónomo.
  • Exposición a la luz/estimulación parasimpática:
    • Contracción de la pupila ( miosis Miosis Pupil: Physiology and Abnormalities)
    • Músculo del esfínter de la pupila
  • Oscuridad/estimulación simpática:
    • Dilatación de la pupila ( midriasis Midriasis Pupil: Physiology and Abnormalities)
    • Músculo dilatador de la pupila

Capa neural:

• Retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy visual:
  • Capa neural:
    • Receptora de la luz
    • Termina anteriormente a lo largo de la ora serrata
  • Capa de células pigmentadas:
    • Monocapa de células
    • Absorbe la luz para reducir la dispersión dentro del ojo
  • Disco óptico o papila:
    • Conocido como el “punto ciego”: sin fotorreceptores
    • Localizado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el fondo de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy, lugar donde las fibras sensoriales del nervio óptico ingresan al AL Amyloidosis globo ocular.
  • Mácula:
    • Contiene fotorreceptores especiales en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum forma de cono para la agudeza visual
    • Carece de vasos sanguíneos
  • Fóvea:
    • Ubicada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el centro de mácula
    • Responsable de la visión de alta agudeza
    • Densamente saturada con fotorreceptores en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum forma de cono
• Retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy no visual:
  • Porción de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy que no es sensible a la luz.
  • Continuación anterior de la capa de células pigmentarias más células de soporte sobre el cuerpo ciliar y la superficie posterior del iris

Características de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy y sus capas:

Cámaras del ojo

• El ojo consta de 3 cámaras fusionadas:
  • Anterior: entre la córnea y el iris
  • Posterior: entre el iris y el cristalino
  • Vítrea: entre el cristalino y la pared posterior del ojo
• Humor Humor Defense Mechanisms acuoso:
  • Producido por los LOS Neisseria procesos ciliares del cuerpo ciliar
  • Viaja a las cámaras anterior y posterior
  • Absorbido a través de los LOS Neisseria linfáticos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el canal de Schlemm
• Cuerpo vítreo (también conocido como humor Humor Defense Mechanisms vítreo):
  • Ocupa la cámara vítrea
  • Encapsulado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la membrana vítrea
  • Fluido en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el centro y gel en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria bordes
  • Se adhiere firmemente a la serrata, disco óptico, vasos retinianos, cápsula del cristalino y mácula

Irrigación e Inervación

Irrigación sanguínea

Toda la irrigación arterial del ojo proviene de ramas de la arteria oftálmica y es drenado por un sistema de venas que se unen para formar la vena central de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy.

• Arteria oftálmica, rama de la arteria carótida interna, emite:
  • Arteria central de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy:
    • 1ra rama de la arteria oftálmica
    • Irriga la capa interna de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy y todas las fibras nerviosas que forman el nervio óptico
  • Arteria lagrimal:
    • 2da rama de la arteria oftálmica
    • Irriga los LOS Neisseria párpados, la glándula lagrimal y la conjuntiva
  • Arterias ciliares:
    • Incluyen las arterias ciliares posteriores largas y cortas y la arteria ciliar anterior
    • Irrigan la coroides y el iris
  • Arteria supraorbitaria:
    • Se bifurca para formar una rama superficial y una profunda
    • Irriga el párpado superior, el músculo elevador del párpado superior, la piel de la frente y el cuero cabelludo
  • Arterias etmoidales:
    • Incluyen las arterias etmoidales anterior y posterior
    • Irrigan los LOS Neisseria senos etmoidales
  • Arteria palpebral medial:
    • También conocida como arterias palpebrales internas—superior e inferior
    • Surge de la arteria oftálmica cerca de sus ramas terminales
    • Irriga los párpados
  • Arterias musculares:
    • Ramas medial y lateral de la arteria oftálmica
    • Irrigan los LOS Neisseria músculos extraoculares
  • Ramas terminales:
    • Arteria nasal dorsal: irriga el saco lagrimal y la punta de la nariz
    • Arteria supratroclear: irriga el área medial de la frente
• Drenaje venoso:
  • La vena central de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy y las venas vorticosas se fusionan con las venas oftálmicas superior e inferior
  • Estas venas drenan hacia el seno cavernoso, el plexo venoso pterigoideo y la vena facial.

Inervación

• Visión:
  • Nervio óptico (nervio craneal II)
  • La capa más interna de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy contiene fotorreceptores que convierten los LOS Neisseria estímulos de luz en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum impulsos neurales que son transmitidos por el nervio óptico:
    • Bastones: mejor con poca luz; alrededor de 120 millones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cada retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy
    • Conos: visión del color; 6 millones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cada retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy
• Miosis Miosis Pupil: Physiology and Abnormalities:
  • Constricción pupilar
  • Fibras parasimpáticas de nervios ciliares cortos al AL Amyloidosis músculo constrictor de la pupila
• Midriasis Midriasis Pupil: Physiology and Abnormalities:
  • Dilatación pupilar
  • Fibras simpáticas de los LOS Neisseria nervios ciliares largos al AL Amyloidosis músculo dilatador radial de la pupila
• Acomodación:
  • Engrosamiento del cristalino para permitir la visión de cerca
  • Los LOS Neisseria nervios ciliares cortos (rama del III nervio craneal) inervan los LOS Neisseria músculos ciliares, que cambian la forma del cristalino.
• Sensación: rama oftálmica (V1) del nervio craneal V (nervio trigémino)

Función

Visión

• La función del ojo es proporcionar el sentido de la vista.
• Los LOS Neisseria rayos de luz atraviesan la córnea, humor Humor Defense Mechanisms acuoso, pupila, cristalino y el humor Humor Defense Mechanisms vítreo para enfocarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la capa más interna de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy.
• La córnea y el cristalino trabajan juntos para enfocar la luz en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy.
• El iris ajusta la cantidad de luz que ingresa al AL Amyloidosis ojo ajustando el tamaño de la pupila en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum respuesta a la intensidad de la luz y la distancia del objeto.
• Las células fotorreceptoras de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy generan impulsos eléctricos y químicos, que se transmiten al AL Amyloidosis cerebro a través del nervio óptico (nervio craneal II), dando como resultado una interpretación de la imagen.

Medios refractivos del ojo

• Córnea:
  • Responsable de la mayor parte de la refracción
  • Transparente, por su disposición de colágeno y estado avascular Avascular Corneal Abrasions, Erosion, and Ulcers
• Cristalino:
  • Transparente, biconvexo
  • Funciona junto con la córnea para lograr una refracción óptima
  • La refracción varía según la cantidad de acomodación necesaria:
    • Visión a distancia: disminución de la convexidad, cristalino se aplana
    • Visión de cerca: mayor convexidad, cristalino esférico
• Humor Humor Defense Mechanisms vítreo (cuerpo vítreo):
  • Líquido acuoso dentro de una sustancia gelatinosa transparente
  • Mantiene la presión intraocular
• Humor Humor Defense Mechanisms acuoso:
  • Fluido transparente y acuoso
  • Protege la córnea y el cristalino y llena las cámaras anterior y posterior
  • Producido por los LOS Neisseria procesos ciliares
  • Drena hacia el seno venoso escleral a través del canal de Schlemm en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el ángulo iridocorneal

Células fotorreceptoras de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy

• Bastones:
  • Funcionan mejor con poca luz
  • Proporcionan visión en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum blanco y negro
  • 120 millones de bastones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cada retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy
• Conos:
  • Funcionan mejor con luz brillante
  • Proporcionan visión de color, agudeza visual
  • 6 millones de conos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cada retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy

Relevancia Clínica

Trastornos de la percepción visual

• Errores de refracción: afecciones en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las que la forma del ojo no refracta la luz correctamente, lo que da como resultado una visión borrosa. Los LOS Neisseria principales tipos de errores de refracción son miopía (falla de visión cercana), hipermetropía (falla de visión a distancia), presbicia (pérdida de la visión de cerca debida a la edad) y astigmatismo (curvas discordantes de la córnea y el cristalino).
• Trastornos de la vía visual: las estructuras responsables de los LOS Neisseria trastornos de la vía visual incluyen la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy, nervio óptico, quiasma óptico, tracto óptico, radiación óptica y la corteza visual del lóbulo occipital Occipital Part of the back and base of the cranium that encloses the foramen magnum. Skull: Anatomy. El sitio del daño a menudo se puede localizar mediante oftalmoscopia, evaluación de la reacción pupilar y el patrón de defectos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el campo visual.

Enfermedades sistémicas que afectan al AL Amyloidosis ojo

• Retinopatía diabética: enfermedad vascular de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy que afecta a personas con diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus mellitus de larga data. La pérdida de la visión suele ser lenta y progresiva, y ocurre en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mayoría de las personas 2–3 décadas después del inicio de la diabetes Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance. Diabetes Mellitus.
• Retinopatía hipertensiva: cambios en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum personas con hipertensión de larga data. La retinopatía hipertensiva suele incluir estrechamiento arterial y hemorragia.

Trastornos diversos del ojo

• Conjuntivitis: inflamación de la conjuntiva debido a una reacción infecciosa (incluidos agentes bacterianos, virales o fúngicos), alérgica o autoinmune. Los LOS Neisseria individuos presentan hiperemia conjuntival, secreción ocular que puede ser acuosa o purulenta, malestar o sensación de cuerpo extraño.
• Desprendimiento de retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy: emergencia médica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la que una capa de tejido de la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy se desprende de la capa coroidea de soporte subyacente. El desprendimiento de retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy puede deberse a un traumatismo o un alto grado de miopía, y las personas a menudo tienen antecedentes familiares de este trastorno. El desprendimiento de retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy debe tratarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum un plazo de 24–48 horas, de lo contrario puede provocar una pérdida permanente de la visión.
• Cataratas: disminución de la visión debido a una nubosidad o pérdida de transparencia del cristalino, común con el avance de la edad. El tratamiento de las cataratas requiere la extracción quirúrgica del cristalino comprometido y, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mayoría de los LOS Neisseria casos, la implantación de un nuevo lente.
• Glaucoma Glaucoma Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by typical visual field defects and optic nerve atrophy seen as optic disc cupping on examination. The acute form of glaucoma is a medical emergency. Glaucoma is often, but not always, caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma: aumento de la presión dentro del ojo como resultado de un drenaje inadecuado del humor Humor Defense Mechanisms acuoso, generalmente debido a un bloqueo. A menos que se trate medicamente o se corrija quirúrgicamente, el glaucoma Glaucoma Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by typical visual field defects and optic nerve atrophy seen as optic disc cupping on examination. The acute form of glaucoma is a medical emergency. Glaucoma is often, but not always, caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma puede provocar una pérdida gradual de la visión debido al AL Amyloidosis daño del nervio óptico.
• Síndrome de Horner: este síndrome es causado por la interrupción de la inervación simpática al AL Amyloidosis ojo y se caracteriza por miosis Miosis Pupil: Physiology and Abnormalities ipsilateral, ptosis Ptosis Cranial Nerve Palsies parcial, enoftalmos y anhidrosis hemifacial.
• Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a rare tumor but the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. It is believed that the condition arises from a neuronal progenitor cell. Retinoblastoma can be heritable or non-heritable. Retinoblastoma: neoplasia intraocular con origen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la retina Retina The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the optic nerve and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the choroid and the inner surface with the vitreous body. The outermost layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent. Eye: Anatomy. El retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma is a rare tumor but the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood. It is believed that the condition arises from a neuronal progenitor cell. Retinoblastoma can be heritable or non-heritable. Retinoblastoma se manifiesta típicamente durante la infancia con un reflejo pupilar anormal a la luz, conocido como leucocoria (pupila blanca).