Edema Pulmonar

Descripción General

Definición

El edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar es la acumulación de un exceso de líquido dentro del parénquima pulmonar y los LOS Neisseria alvéolos.

Epidemiología

• Causa frecuente de ingreso hospitalario de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca
• Hombres > mujeres
• Se observa con más frecuencia en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria ancianos o en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum enfermos críticos

Etiología

El edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar se clasifica en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum función de la etiología subyacente.

• Edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar cardiogénico:
  • Insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada:
    • Indiscreción alimentaria
    • Incumplimiento de los LOS Neisseria medicamentos
    • Empeoramiento de la función cardíaca
  • Síndrome coronario agudo
  • Emergencia hipertensiva
  • Arritmia
  • Causa mecánica aguda (e.g., trastorno valvular)
• Edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar no cardiogénico:
  • Síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo
  • Lesión pulmonar aguda producida por transfusión
  • Sobrecarga de líquidos relacionada con insuficiencia renal
  • Exposición a grandes alturas
  • Infección severa
  • Lesión por inhalación
  • Aspiración
  • Casi ahogamiento
  • Anafilaxis
  • Reexpansión pulmonar (e.g., tras una toracocentesis de gran volumen)
  • Medicamentos y drogas
  • Neurogénico
    • Convulsiones
    • Lesión cerebral traumática
    • Hemorragia intracraneal

Fisiopatología

Fuerzas de Starling

Las fuerzas de Starling explican cómo el líquido pasa de la sangre a los LOS Neisseria espacios extravasculares, lo que provoca edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar.

• Presión hidrostática:
  • La presión hidrostática capilar empuja el líquido hacia afuera del capilar.
  • La presión hidrostática intersticial empuja el líquido hacia adentro del capilar.
• Presión oncótica:
  • La presión coloidosmótica plasmática atrae el líquido hacia el capilar.
  • La presión coloidosmótica intersticial arrastra el líquido fuera del capilar.

Edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar cardiogénico

• Gasto cardíaco deficiente → ↑ presión auricular
• ↑ Presión venosa pulmonar
• ↑ Presión capilar pulmonar
• El líquido se mueve hacia los LOS Neisseria espacios intersticiales.
• ↑ Presión en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria espacios intersticiales
• El líquido se mueve hacia los LOS Neisseria alvéolos.
• ↓ Capacidad de difusión de oxígeno → hipoxia y síntomas

Edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar no cardiogénico

Dependiendo de la etiología, la causa del edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar no cardiogénico puede deberse a cualquiera de las siguientes causas

• ↑ Permeabilidad de los LOS Neisseria capilares pulmonares
• ↑ Presión vascular pulmonar
• Desequilibrio entre la presión hidrostática y la oncótica

Presentación Clínica

Síntomas

• Aumento de la disnea (especialmente con el esfuerzo)
• Dificultad respiratoria
• Ortopnea
• Disnea paroxística nocturna
• Tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:
  • No productiva
  • Esputo espumoso
  • Trazas de sangre

Examen físico

Hallazgos comunes del edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar:

• Taquipnea
• Taquicardia
• Hipoxia
• Crepitantes

Hallazgos sugestivos de una causa cardiogénica:

• Ingurgitación yugular
• Ritmo de galope
• Reflujo hepatoyugular
• Diaforesis
• Edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las extremidades inferiores
• Aumento de peso

Diagnóstico

Radiografía de tórax

La presencia de edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar puede verse rápidamente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum una radiografía de tórax. Puede haber diferencias sutiles en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum función de la etiología.

Edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar cardiogénico:

• Distribución de las opacidades:
  • Perihilar (aspecto de ala de murciélago)
  • Difusa (central y periférica)
• El volumen pulmonar puede estar ↓
• Hallazgos asociados:
  • Vasos prominentes; particularmente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la parte superior del tórax (cefalización)
  • Líneas B de Kerley:
    • Opacidades pulmonares finas y lineales cerca de la pared torácica
    • Causadas por edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema intersticial y ↑ drenaje linfático
  • Cardiomegalia
  • Derrames pleurales

Edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar no cardiogénico:

• La distribución de las opacidades puede variar:
  • Generalmente más periférica
  • También puede verse la apariencia de alas ALAS An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes condensation of the succinyl group from succinyl coenzyme a with glycine to form delta-aminolevulinate. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein and the reaction occurs in mitochondria as the first step of the heme biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme is a key regulatory enzyme in heme biosynthesis. In liver feedback is inhibited by heme. Heme Metabolism de murciélago.
• Puede haber broncogramas aéreos.
• Volumen pulmonar normal o ↑.
• No hay cardiomegalia

Estudios adicionales

Se pueden realizar pruebas para determinar la etiología subyacente y descartar una causa cardíaca.

Laboratorios:

• ↑ Troponina → síndrome coronario agudo
• ↑ Creatinina → insuficiencia renal
• ↑ Leucocitos → posible sepsis Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by hypotension despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called septic shock. Sepsis and Septic Shock o neumonía.
• Generalmente, el péptido natriurético tipo B ( BNP BNP A peptide that is secreted by the brain and the heart atria, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular myocardium. It can cause natriuresis; diuresis; vasodilation; and inhibits secretion of renin and aldosterone. It improves heart function. It contains 32 amino acids. Renal Sodium and Water Regulation, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) es:
  • <200 pg/mL en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes con edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar no cardiogénico
  • ↑ En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la insuficiencia cardíaca

Imagenología:

• ECG ECG An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart plotted against time. Adhesive electrodes are affixed to the skin surface allowing measurement of cardiac impulses from many angles. The ECG provides 3-dimensional information about the conduction system of the heart, the myocardium, and other cardiac structures. Electrocardiogram (ECG):
  • Cambios en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el segmento ST → síndrome coronario agudo
  • Arritmia cardíaca
• Ultrasonido cardíaco:
  • Evaluar la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) → ↓ en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la insuficiencia cardíaca izquierda
  • Evaluar otras anomalías cardíacas:
    • Taponamiento cardíaco
    • Enfermedad valvular
    • Anomalías del movimiento de las paredes → a menudo observadas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el síndrome coronario agudo

Tratamiento

El tratamiento del edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar agudo se centra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum contrarrestar los LOS Neisseria mecanismos fisiológicos comprometidos y en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum tratar la causa subyacente.

• Evaluar siempre la vía aérea, la respiración y la circulación del paciente a su llegada.
• Sentar al AL Amyloidosis paciente:
  • Si está hemodinámicamente estable
  • Puede proporcionar cierta mejoría de los LOS Neisseria síntomas
• Proporcionar soporte con oxígeno:
  • Cánula nasal para la hipoxia leve y sin complicaciones
  • Máscara facial para hipoxia moderada
  • Ventilación con presión positiva no invasiva para una hipoxia más grave o un mayor esfuerzo respiratorio:
    • ↑ Reclutamiento pulmonar para mejorar el intercambio gaseoso
    • Presión positiva para abrir los LOS Neisseria alvéolos y evitar el colapso debido al AL Amyloidosis líquido
    • Opciones: presión positiva continua en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vía aérea o presión bifásica positiva en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vía aérea
  • Emplear ventilación mecánica para los LOS Neisseria que no mejoran con las opciones anteriores, están obnubilados o tienen una insuficiencia respiratoria grave.
• Nitroglicerina:
  • Uso en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar cardiogénico para reducción de la precarga.
  • Dilata los LOS Neisseria vasos sanguíneos, lo que ↓ la presión en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria pulmones
  • Monitorear la hipotensión.
• Diuréticos:
  • ↑ Diuresis (elimina líquido del sistema cardiovascular)
  • Puede no ser beneficioso en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum algunas etiologías no cardiogénicas
• Identificar y tratar la enfermedad subyacente.

Pronóstico

• Depende de la etiología subyacente
• Los LOS Neisseria pacientes con edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar cardiogénico pueden mejorar rápidamente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cuestión de minutos a una hora si se actúa rápidamente.
• Los LOS Neisseria pacientes con edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema pulmonar no cardiogénico suelen tardar más en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum mejorar.

Complicaciones

• Intubación endotraqueal y ventilación mecánica
• Fallo multiorgánico
• Paro respiratorio y cardíaco

Diagnóstico Diferencial

• Neumonía: infección del parénquima pulmonar causada frecuentemente por una bacteria Bacteria Bacteria are prokaryotic single-celled microorganisms that are metabolically active and divide by binary fission. Some of these organisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of diseases. Bacteriology o un virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes presentan fiebre, disnea y tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome productiva. Los LOS Neisseria hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax generalmente muestran una consolidación lobar; sin embargo, en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum algunos casos pueden observarse infiltrados multifocales. El tratamiento generalmente incluye antibióticos empíricos, que pueden modificarse si se identifica el organismo causante. Los LOS Neisseria antivirales se utilizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria casos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum que se sospecha una causa viral.
• Neumoconiosis: enfermedad ocupacional que resulta de la inhalación de partículas inorgánicas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria pulmones. La neumoconiosis puede causar inflamación crónica y fibrosis Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. Bronchiolitis Obliterans. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes tendrán disnea progresiva y tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome seca. Los LOS Neisseria hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax pueden variar en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum función de la partícula causante, pero pueden incluir opacidades en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum vidrio esmerilado, calcificaciones, nódulos pulmonares e irregularidades pleurales. El tratamiento es principalmente sintomático.
• Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial: grupo de afecciones que provocan una fibrosis Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. Bronchiolitis Obliterans pulmonar progresiva. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden ser asintomáticos o tener una aparición gradual de disnea y tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Los LOS Neisseria hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax pueden variar desde el patrón del infiltrado hasta la localización dentro de los LOS Neisseria pulmones, dependiendo de la etiología. Para el diagnóstico puede ser necesario una TC y una biopsia. El tratamiento depende de la etiología, pero puede incluir esteroides y terapias inmunosupresoras.
• Hemorragia alveolar difusa: hemorragia pulmonar debida a una lesión de los LOS Neisseria vasos pulmonares. Las etiologías pueden incluir vasculitis Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the arteries; veins; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus sistémicas, infecciones pulmonares, exposición a sustancias tóxicas y trastornos de la coagulación. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes pueden presentar disnea, hemoptisis o insuficiencia respiratoria. Una radiografía de tórax mostrará infiltrados alveolares difusos. La broncoscopia confirma el diagnóstico. El tratamiento incluye soporte respiratorio mientras se determina y trata la causa subyacente.