Mediastino y Grandes Vasos: Anatomía

Mediastino

Descripción general

El mediastino es la parte central de la cavidad torácica, situada entre los LOS Neisseria pulmones. El mediastino se subdivide en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria compartimentos superior e inferior, que a su vez se dividen en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria mediastinos anterior, medio y posterior.

Mediastino superior

• Límites:
  • Superior:
    • Anterior: escotadura yugular del esternón
    • Posterior: vértebra torácica (T) 1
  • Inferior:
    • Anterior: ángulo esternal
    • Posterior: borde inferior de T4 T4 The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Thyroid Hormones (plano torácico)
• Contenido:
  • Tráquea
  • Esófago
  • Timo (prepuberal)
  • Vasos:
    • Vena cava superior
    • Venas braquiocefálicas
    • Arco aórtico
    • Arteria innominada
    • Porciones torácicas de la arteria carótida común izquierda y subclavia izquierda
  • Conducto torácico
  • Nervios:
    • Nervio frénico
    • Nervio vago
    • Nervio laríngeo recurrente izquierdo

Mediastino inferior

El mediastino inferior está limitado superiormente por el plano torácico e inferiormente por el diafragma, y se subdivide a su vez en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum mediastino anterior, medio y posterior.

• Mediastino anterior:
  • Se extiende desde el esternón (anteriormente) hasta la superficie anterior del pericardio (posteriormente)
  • Contenido:
    • Ligamentos esternopericárdicos
    • Grasa
    • Ganglios linfáticos
    • Vasos torácicos internos
    • Restos del timo
• Mediastino medio:
  • Se extiende entre las superficies anterior y posterior del pericardio
  • Contiene:
    • Corazón y pericardio
    • Aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy ascendente
    • Tronco pulmonar
    • Vena cava superior
    • Arteria pericardiofrénica
    • Nervio frénico
• Mediastino posterior:
  • Se extiende entre la superficie posterior del pericardio y de T4 T4 The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Thyroid Hormones a T12
  • Contiene:
    • Esófago
    • Conducto torácico
    • Cisterna del quilo
    • Aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy torácica
    • Venas ácigos, hemiácigos y hemiácigos accesorias
    • Nervio vago
    • Plexo esofágico
    • Nervios esplácnicos mayor, menor y mínimo

Grandes Vasos

Los LOS Neisseria 5 grandes vasos se encuentran en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el mediastino y están formados por la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy, las venas cavas superior e inferior, la arteria pulmonar y la vena pulmonar.

Aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy

La aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy es la arteria principal del cuerpo y está formada por:

• Aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy ascendente:
  • Se origina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el ventrículo izquierdo
  • Da origen a las arterias coronarias derecha e izquierda
  • Situada dentro del pericardio
• Arco aórtico:
  • Conecta la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy ascendente y la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy descendente
  • Da origen al AL Amyloidosis tronco braquiocefálico, a la arteria carótida común izquierda y a la arteria subclavia izquierda
  • Situado en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el mediastino medio y posterior
  • Se localiza a la izquierda de la tráquea
• Aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy descendente:
  • Comienza a nivel de T4 T4 The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (monoiodotyrosine) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (diiodotyrosine) in the thyroglobulin. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form triiodothyronine which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. Thyroid Hormones
  • Pasa por el hiato aórtico diafragmático a nivel de T12
  • Se convierte en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy abdominal
  • Situada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el mediastino posterior
  • Transcurre medialmente y termina anterior a la columna vertebral
  • Da lugar a las arterias pericárdicas, bronquiales, esofágicas, mediastínicas, intercostales, subcostales y frénicas

Vena cava superior

• Se origina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la confluencia de las 2 venas braquiocefálicas
• Drena en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la aurícula derecha
• Transporta la sangre pobre en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum O₂ de la parte superior del cuerpo y la cabeza
• Comienza por detrás del 1er cartílago costal derecho y desciende por detrás del 2do y 3er espacio intercostal
• Situada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el mediastino superior y medio
• La parte media inferior está cubierta por el pericardio.

Vena cava inferior

• Vena más grande del cuerpo
• Se origina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las venas ilíacas comunes derecha e izquierda
• Drena en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la aurícula derecha
• Transporta la sangre pobre en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum O₂ desde la mitad inferior del cuerpo
• Entra en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el mediastino a través del foramen de la vena cava del diafragma a nivel de T8
• Se comunica con la vena cava superior a través de:
  • Vena ácigos
  • Plexos venosos vertebrales
  • Venas lumbares
• Situada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el mediastino medio

Arterias pulmonares

• La arteria pulmonar principal se origina en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el ventrículo derecho.
• Lleva la sangre desoxigenada a los LOS Neisseria pulmones.
• Situada en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el mediastino medio
• Se divide en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las arterias pulmonares derecha e izquierda
• La arteria pulmonar derecha pasa por debajo del arco aórtico.

Venas pulmonares

• 4 venas pulmonares: 2 en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cada lado
• Surgen del hilio pulmonar
• Drenan la sangre enriquecida con O₂ a la aurícula izquierda
• Recibe sangre de las venas bronquiales
• La vena cava superior y la aurícula derecha se encuentran por delante de las venas pulmonares derechas.
• La aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy torácica descendente se encuentra por detrás de las venas pulmonares izquierdas.

Relevancia Clínica

Anomalías congénitas

• Coartación de la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy: estrechamiento de la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy entre el arco aórtico y la bifurcación ilíaca. La coartación de la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy es más común alrededor del punto de inserción del conducto arterioso y es congénita en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la mayoría de los LOS Neisseria casos. Los LOS Neisseria neonatos presentan insuficiencia cardíaca al AL Amyloidosis cerrarse el conducto arterioso, mientras que los LOS Neisseria niños y los LOS Neisseria adultos presentan síntomas de hipoperfusión y/o hipertensión. Los LOS Neisseria hallazgos clásicos en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el examen físico incluyen un retraso radio o braquiofemoral y una presión arterial más baja en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las extremidades inferiores. Los LOS Neisseria individuos afectados deben ser tratados quirúrgicamente lo antes posible para evitar complicaciones por la hipertensión. Se requiere un seguimiento estrecho, ya que el riesgo de hipertensión y recaída permanece.
• Transposición de grandes vasos: una cardiopatía congénita cianótica caracterizada por la “conmutación” de las grandes arterias. La transposición de grandes vasos representa el 3% de todos los casos de cardiopatía congénita y se presenta en el periodo neonatal de la vida con cianosis que no responde a la terapia con O₂. El diagnóstico se confirma con un ecocardiograma y se verifica con un cateterismo. Una radiografía de tórax muestra el clásico patrón de “huevo en una cuerda”. El tratamiento es eminentemente quirúrgico, y el pronóstico de los LOS Neisseria casos corregidos quirúrgicamente es bueno.
• Tronco arterioso: defecto cardíaco congénito que se caracteriza por la persistencia de un tronco arterial común que no se divide en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la arteria pulmonar y la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy durante el desarrollo embrionario. El tronco arterial es una malformación congénita rara con una alta tasa de mortalidad en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las 1ras 5 semanas de vida si no se trata con prontitud. Los LOS Neisseria neonatos pueden ser asintomáticos al AL Amyloidosis nacer, pero invariablemente desarrollarán dificultad respiratoria e insuficiencia cardíaca. El diagnóstico se suele hacer de forma prenatal, basándose en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el tamizaje y el ultrasonido. El tratamiento consiste en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum una estabilización médica inmediatamente después del nacimiento y va VA Ventilation: Mechanics of Breathing seguida de una cirugía definitiva.

Trastornos inflamatorios

Mediastinitis Mediastinitis Mediastinitis refers to an infection or inflammation involving the mediastinum (a region in the thoracic cavity containing the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus, and trachea). Acute mediastinitis can be caused by bacterial infection due to direct contamination, hematogenous or lymphatic spread, or extension of infection from nearby structures. Mediastinitis: infección o inflamación que afecta al AL Amyloidosis mediastino. La mediastinitis Mediastinitis Mediastinitis refers to an infection or inflammation involving the mediastinum (a region in the thoracic cavity containing the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus, and trachea). Acute mediastinitis can be caused by bacterial infection due to direct contamination, hematogenous or lymphatic spread, or extension of infection from nearby structures. Mediastinitis aguda puede estar causada por una infección bacteriana, ya sea por contaminación directa, por diseminación hematógena o linfática, o por extensión de la infección desde estructuras cercanas. La mediastinitis Mediastinitis Mediastinitis refers to an infection or inflammation involving the mediastinum (a region in the thoracic cavity containing the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus, and trachea). Acute mediastinitis can be caused by bacterial infection due to direct contamination, hematogenous or lymphatic spread, or extension of infection from nearby structures. Mediastinitis crónica, también conocida como mediastinitis Mediastinitis Mediastinitis refers to an infection or inflammation involving the mediastinum (a region in the thoracic cavity containing the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus, and trachea). Acute mediastinitis can be caused by bacterial infection due to direct contamination, hematogenous or lymphatic spread, or extension of infection from nearby structures. Mediastinitis fibrosante, suele estar relacionada con afecciones inflamatorias crónicas que provocan la proliferación del tejido conectivo. La mediastinitis Mediastinitis Mediastinitis refers to an infection or inflammation involving the mediastinum (a region in the thoracic cavity containing the heart, thymus gland, portions of the esophagus, and trachea). Acute mediastinitis can be caused by bacterial infection due to direct contamination, hematogenous or lymphatic spread, or extension of infection from nearby structures. Mediastinitis se trata con cuidados de soporte, antibióticos de amplio espectro o cirugía en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria casos graves. La mortalidad de esta condición es elevada.

Trastornos degenerativos

Aneurisma de aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy torácica: dilatación de la pared arterial en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum > 50% de su diámetro. La aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy ascendente es la más afectada. La mayoría se deben a trastornos degenerativos de la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy, que suelen producirse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos > 65 años de edad. Los LOS Neisseria aneurismas de la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy torácica genéticos representan el 20% de los LOS Neisseria casos y se encuentran frecuentemente en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum individuos jóvenes. El aneurisma de la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy torácica puede estar asociado al AL Amyloidosis síndrome de Marfan. Entre los LOS Neisseria estudios de imagenología, la angiografía por TC es el más utilizado. En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria casos asintomáticos está indicada una vigilancia estrecha. Se recomienda la reparación quirúrgica para los LOS Neisseria aneurismas de la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy torácica sintomáticos o en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum caso de aumento del diámetro de la aorta Aorta The main trunk of the systemic arteries. Mediastinum and Great Vessels: Anatomy ( los LOS Neisseria criterios varían según la localización y la enfermedad subyacente).