Pleura

Anatomia Macroscópica

A pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy é uma membrana serosa de dupla camada que reveste as paredes da cavidade torácica e a superfície dos pulmões. Assim, estende-se virtualmente tão longe quanto a cavidade torácica.

Limites:

• Superior: raiz do pescoço 2–3 cm acima da 1ª costela
• Inferior: superfície torácica do diafragma
• Medial: mediastino
• Lateral: superfície interna da caixa torácica e músculos intercostais

Cada pulmão é envolvido por um saco pleural seroso que consiste em 2 membranas contínuas de pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy visceral e parietal Parietal One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the frontal bone and occipital bone, which together form the sides of the cranium. Skull: Anatomy.

• Pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy parietal Parietal One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the frontal bone and occipital bone, which together form the sides of the cranium. Skull: Anatomy:
  • Reveste a superfície interna da cavidade torácica
  • Separada da parede torácica pela fáscia endotorácica
  • As partes classificam-se de acordo com as estruturas adjacentes:
    • Pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy costal
    • Pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy diafragmática
    • Pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy mediastínica: forma um tubo membranoso em forma de manga chamado raiz do pulmão e cobre o coração e os grandes vasos do coração
    • Pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy cervical: coberta pela membrana suprapleural, uma fáscia em forma de cúpula ligada à 1ª costela e C7 que serve como local de inserção para alguns dos músculos profundos do pescoço
• Pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy visceral:
  • Reveste a superfície externa dos pulmões
  • Cobre fissuras pulmonares
  • Não sensível à dor
  • Continua com a pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy parietal Parietal One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the frontal bone and occipital bone, which together form the sides of the cranium. Skull: Anatomy no hilo de cada pulmão
• Recessos: nomeados de acordo com os pontos de reflexão da pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy
  • Recesso costodiafragmático:
    • O maior recesso
    • Encontrado entre a caixa torácica e a porção diafragmática da pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy em cada lado da cavidade torácica
  • Recesso costomedial:
    • Encontrado anteriormente entre a caixa torácica e o mediastino em cada lado da cavidade torácica
    • O recesso esquerdo é maior que o direito devido à incisura cardíaca do pulmão esquerdo.
  • Recesso vertebromediastínico:
    • Encontrado posteriormente entre a caixa torácica, a coluna vertebral e o mediastino posterior em cada lado da cavidade torácica

Cavidade pleural:

• O espaço potencial entre a pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy visceral e a pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy parietal Parietal One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the frontal bone and occipital bone, which together form the sides of the cranium. Skull: Anatomy (praticamente inexistente/indetectável)
• Contém uma pequena quantidade (0,1–0,2 mL/kg) de líquido seroso que ajuda a evitar o atrito entre ambas as pleuras
• A tensão superficial do líquido mantém os pulmões expandidos e em contato com a parede torácica através da dupla camada de pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy.

Neurovasculatura

Relevância Clínica

Doenças infecciosas da pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy

• Derrame pleural: acumulação de líquido entre as camadas da pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy parietal Parietal One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the frontal bone and occipital bone, which together form the sides of the cranium. Skull: Anatomy e visceral. Causada por infeção, malignidade, doenças autoimunes ou sobrecarga de volume. Apresenta-se como dor torácica, tosse e dispneia. Classificados como transudados ou exsudados, os derrames pleurais são geralmente diagnosticados clinicamente, embora os exames de imagem possam confirmar o diagnóstico. O tratamento depende da patologia subjacente.
• Pleurite: também conhecida como pleurisia, uma inflamação da pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy. Resulta em dor torácica súbita e intensa na inspiração e expiração, e geralmente apresenta-se como parte da pneumonia Pneumonia Pneumonia or pulmonary inflammation is an acute or chronic inflammation of lung tissue. Causes include infection with bacteria, viruses, or fungi. In more rare cases, pneumonia can also be caused through toxic triggers through inhalation of toxic substances, immunological processes, or in the course of radiotherapy. Pneumonia. A dor intensifica com inspiração profunda ou tosse. Causada por infeção, trauma, isquemia cardíaca e cancro do pulmão. O tratamento consiste no controlo da dor e no tratamento da patologia subjacente.

Doenças traumáticas da pleura Pleura The pleura is a serous membrane that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity and the surface of the lungs. This structure of mesodermal origin covers both lungs, the mediastinum, the thoracic surface of the diaphragm, and the inner part of the thoracic cage. The pleura is divided into a visceral pleura and parietal pleura. Pleura: Anatomy

• Pneumotórax: patologia com risco de vida em que o ar AR Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a cardiac condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle during diastole. Aortic regurgitation is associated with an abnormal aortic valve and/or aortic root stemming from multiple causes, commonly rheumatic heart disease as well as congenital and degenerative valvular disorders. Aortic Regurgitation acumula-se no espaço pleural, causando um colapso parcial ou total do pulmão. Pode ser traumático ou espontâneo. Os doentes apresentam um início súbito de dor torácica aguda, dispneia e diminuição dos sons respiratórios. O diagnóstico é feito por imagem, embora o pneumotórax hipertensivo seja um diagnóstico clínico. O tratamento é baseado no seu tamanho e na estabilidade do doente.
• Hemotórax: coleção de sangue na cavidade pleural. Mais MAIS Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome frequentemente devido a danos de trauma torácico nas artérias intercostais. Apresenta-se com falta de ar AR Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a cardiac condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle during diastole. Aortic regurgitation is associated with an abnormal aortic valve and/or aortic root stemming from multiple causes, commonly rheumatic heart disease as well as congenital and degenerative valvular disorders. Aortic Regurgitation e dor no peito. Os achados do exame objetivo incluem hipotensão, taquicardia, diminuição dos sons pulmonares e macicez à percussão do tórax. O diagnóstico é feito por radiografia de tórax na posição vertical. O tratamento geralmente é com drenagem de tubo por toracostomia. A cirurgia toracoscópica ou a toracotomia podem estar indicadas em circunstâncias específicas.