Thyroid Hormones: Symptomatology Associated

00:00 So what are some of the problems associated with thyroid hormones.

00:07 If you have too much or too little thyroid hormones.

00:11 Well one that the first things to think about is all those myriad of functions that occur with increase in thyroid hormones.

00:20 A lot of those involve things like the sodium-potassium-ATPase enzymes associated with metabolism.

00:28 So you can imagine if you have two much thyroid hormone around.

00:33 Your basic metabolic rate is high.

00:37 And typically these individuals lose weight because they are hyperthyroid.

00:43 The opposite is also true.

00:46 If a person is hypothyroid, their basal metabolism rate is low.

00:51 And they often times gain weight.

00:54 Because they don't have the up regulation of all these enzymes associated with metabolism.

01:00 There are also thermo regulatory issues associated with both hyper and hypo thyroidism.

01:07 If a person has hyperthyroidism, their BMR is high.

01:13 And therefore they are producing lot of heat with that extra metabolism.

01:18 So they are very warm and they need to dissipate that heat.

01:22 The opposite is true if you have a low BMR with hypothyroidism, often times that person is cold.

01:31 Because they aren't producing enough metabolic rate and that is what's driving part of that process.

01:38 Growth can also be effected by thyroid hormones.

01:42 If you have a lack of thyroid hormones, some of your epithelial plates do not fuse well.

01:50 And you can have stunted growth.

01:52 You could also have stunted mental development associated with the lack of thyroid hormone.

01:59 A couple of very classic symptoms associated with thyroid hormones I'll show you next.

02:06 Because these are ones that show up on board exams all the time.

02:10 The first is a Goiter.

02:13 A goiter is a abnormally large thyroid gland.

02:18 So this is where the thyroid gland is in the neck.

02:21 Here though it's much larger than you would expect it to be.

02:26 If you have a disorder in which there is high amounts of thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH, that stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland.

02:38 And you can see it can become very large.

02:41 You can have goiters in both hyper and hypo thyroidism.

02:47 But it's often times associated with times in which you have very high thyroid stimulating hormone.

02:55 Another classic symptom that's associated with thyroid hormone abnormalities is an increase in a growth of connective tissue.

03:07 Specially the basal lamina.

03:09 This can show up as a place where if you have high petrify of this basal lamina.

03:16 It can cause things like your eyes to extrude out a little bit.

03:20 And create things like edema.

03:23 So this particular disorder will present sometimes in this way.

03:28 So both the goiter and having these eye protrusions are very classic symptoms of having high thyroid hormones or being hyperthyroid.