Virus Sincitial Respiratorio

Clasificación

Características Generales

Taxonomía y estructura

• Género Pneumovirus Pneumovirus A genus of the family paramyxoviridae (subfamily pneumovirinae) where the human and bovine virions have neither hemagglutinin nor neuraminidase activity. Respiratory syncytial virus, human is the type species. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
• Familia Paramyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae A family of spherical viruses, of the order mononegavirales, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include paramyxoviridae and pneumovirinae. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
• ARN monocatenario, lineal y de sentido negativo
• Virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology envuelto
• La cápside helicoidal grande transporta la ARN polimerasa dependiente de ARN en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el virión

Características básicas

• Ausencia de hemaglutinina
• Consta de 2 serotipos
• Limitado al AL Amyloidosis tracto respiratorio
• Hay dos subtipos (A y B) asociados a brotes; el tipo A causa una enfermedad más grave.

Especies clínicamente relevantes

• La familia Paramyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae A family of spherical viruses, of the order mononegavirales, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include paramyxoviridae and pneumovirinae. Respiratory Syncytial Virus consta de 3 géneros:
  • Paramixovirus, que incluye los LOS Neisseria virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology de la parainfluenza y las paperas
  • Orthopneumovirus Orthopneumovirus Respiratory Syncytial Virus, que incluye el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology sincitial respiratorio
  • Morbillivirus Morbillivirus A genus of the family paramyxoviridae (subfamily paramyxovirinae) where the virions of most members have hemagglutinin but not neuraminidase activity. All members produce both cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies. Measles virus is the type species. Measles Virus, que incluye el virus Virus Viruses are infectious, obligate intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid. Viruses can be either naked (non-enveloped) or enveloped. The classification of viruses is complex and based on many factors, including type and structure of the nucleoid and capsid, the presence of an envelope, the replication cycle, and the host range. Virology del sarampión
• La familia Paramyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae A family of spherical viruses, of the order mononegavirales, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include paramyxoviridae and pneumovirinae. Respiratory Syncytial Virus causa el 30%–40% de todas las infecciones respiratorias agudas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum lactantes y niños.

Patogénesis

Ciclo de transmisión y replicación

Transmisión:

Las gotas respiratorias de un individuo infectado entran en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum contacto con la mucosa de los LOS Neisseria ojos, boca o nariz de otro individuo.

Ciclo de replicación:

• Una vez que el individuo está expuesto, se produce una fusión de las membranas víricas y de las células del huésped.
  • Las glicoproteínas de superficie virales F y G controlan la adhesión viral y las etapas iniciales de la infección.
  • La nucleocápside viral y la polimerasa entran en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el citoplasma de la célula huésped.
• La ARN polimerasa dependiente de ARN transcribe el genoma viral en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum ARNm, que es traducido por las proteínas del huésped.
• La ARN polimerasa sintetiza un antigenoma de sentido positivo, una cadena plantilla complementaria utilizada para construir un ARN de sentido negativo.
• El ARN resultante se empaqueta en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum nucleocápsidas y se transporta a la membrana plasmática para su ensamblaje y gemación.

Reservorios naturales

• Humanos
• Ganado
• Ovejas
• Cabras

Fisiopatología

• La infección se propaga dentro del tracto respiratorio, sin propagación sistémica.
• El RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus se propaga por transferencia de célula a célula a lo largo de puentes intracitoplasmáticos (sincitios) desde el tracto respiratorio superior al AL Amyloidosis inferior (bronquiolos terminales)
• La replicación vírica lítica provoca la descamación de las células epiteliales → exposición de las fibras nerviosas nociceptivas → estimulación del reflejo de la tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
• Influjo de polimorfonucleares en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum la vía aérea → sustituido por infiltración linfomononuclear del tejido peribronquiolar y aumento de la permeabilidad microvascular → edema Edema Edema is a condition in which excess serous fluid accumulates in the body cavity or interstitial space of connective tissues. Edema is a symptom observed in several medical conditions. It can be categorized into 2 types, namely, peripheral (in the extremities) and internal (in an organ or body cavity). Edema e inflamación de la submucosa
• Las secreciones mucosas aumentan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cantidad y viscosidad → taponamiento mucoso generalizado

Enfermedades Causadas por el Virus Sincitial Respiratorio

Aunque el RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus se limita al AL Amyloidosis tracto respiratorio, puede manifestarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum forma de enfermedades de diversa gravedad según la edad del individuo y el estado de su sistema inmunitario.

Enfermedades causadas

• Lactantes:
  • Bronquiolitis aguda
  • Neumonía
  • Otitis media aguda
  • Insuficiencia respiratoria
• Adultos inmunocomprometidos o de edad avanzada:
  • Neumonía
  • Exacerbación aguda de una enfermedad crónica subyacente (e.g., enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), asma ASMA Autoimmune Hepatitis, insuficiencia cardíaca)

Epidemiología

• Incidencia: afecta a 4–5 millones de niños < 4 años al AL Amyloidosis año
  • Principalmente, es una enfermedad de lactantes y niños pequeños
  • Incidencia máxima a los LOS Neisseria 2–8 meses de edad
• Cada año se hospitalizan en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum Estados Unidos > 125 000 pacientes con infección por el RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus.
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum las presentaciones leves del RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus, hay una incidencia igual entre niños y niñas.
• Sin embargo, los LOS Neisseria niños tienen 2 veces más probabilidades de requerir hospitalización a causa de las infecciones por el RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Factores de riesgo

• Lactantes prematuros
• Lactantes con enfermedades pulmonares crónicas
• Niños con cardiopatías congénitas
• Bajo peso al AL Amyloidosis nacer
• Tabaquismo materno durante el embarazo
• Ausencia de lactancia materna

Presentación clínica

• Tiempo de incubación: 4–5 días
• Infección del tracto respiratorio superior
  • Tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
  • Rinorrea
• Infección del tracto respiratorio inferior
  • Taquipnea
  • Retracciones intercostales y subcostales
  • Cianosis
  • Sibilancias y estertores
  • Fiebre
• Asociado a otitis media, deshidratación y episodios de apnea

Diagnóstico

• Los LOS Neisseria estudios de laboratorio no suelen estar indicados en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum pacientes con buena apariencia que respiran aire ambiente, están bien hidratados y se alimentan adecuadamente.
• Pruebas de diagnóstico específicas del RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  • Detección de antígenos (pruebas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el punto de atención)
  • Sondas moleculares (ensayos de reacción en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum cadena de polimerasa ( PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés))
  • Cultivo
• Detección de antígenos (pruebas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el punto de atención)
• Sondas moleculares (ensayos PCR PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that amplifies DNA fragments exponentially for analysis. The process is highly specific, allowing for the targeting of specific genomic sequences, even with minuscule sample amounts. The PCR cycles multiple times through 3 phases: denaturation of the template DNA, annealing of a specific primer to the individual DNA strands, and synthesis/elongation of new DNA molecules. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR))
• Cultivo
• Radiografía de tórax por sospecha de neumonía

Tratamiento

Los LOS Neisseria cuidados de soporte son el pilar del tratamiento de la infección por RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus, incluyendo oxigenación e hidratación.

Terapia farmacológica:

• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum general, la American Academy of Pediatrics no lo recomienda, pero puede utilizarse en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum algunos casos.
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum algunos casos, pueden utilizarse beta-agonistas ( albuterol Albuterol A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat asthma. Sympathomimetic Drugs), alfa-agonistas (epinefrina) o corticosteroides
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum los LOS Neisseria pacientes con factores de riesgo subyacentes importantes (e.g., pacientes trasplantados), se utiliza la ribavirina.

Profilaxis: palivizumab Palivizumab A humanized monoclonal antibody and antiviral agent that is used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infections in high risk pediatric patients. Respiratory Syncytial Virus, aprobado por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA, por sus siglas en EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum inglés) para los LOS Neisseria niños con alto riesgo de padecer una enfermedad grave por RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus

• Prematuros nacidos con < 29 semanas, < 1 año de edad
• Prematuros nacidos con < 32 semanas, < 1 año de edad con enfermedad pulmonar crónica
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum el segundo año de vida para los LOS Neisseria niños que necesitan oxígeno suplementario o terapia de corticosteroides o diuréticos a largo plazo
• Niños < 24 meses que tienen una cardiopatía congénita significativa o hipertensión pulmonar

Vacunación

• Aprobada para personas mayores de 60 años.
• En EN Erythema nodosum is an immune-mediated panniculitis (inflammation of the subcutaneous fat) caused by a type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity reaction. It commonly manifests in young women as tender, erythematous nodules on the shins. Erythema Nodosum estudio para su uso durante el embarazo

Diagnóstico Diferencial

Bronquiolitis aguda: afección respiratoria causada por la inflamación de los LOS Neisseria bronquiolos. La mayoría de los LOS Neisseria casos de bronquiolitis aguda son causados por el RSV RSV Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, linear, negative-sense RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae and the genus Orthopneumovirus. Two subtypes (A and B) are present in outbreaks, but type A causes more severe disease. Respiratory syncytial virus causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Los LOS Neisseria pacientes suelen presentar síntomas respiratorios superiores, como tos TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a broad term used for a spectrum of syndromes related to the general region of the thoracic outlet, which involves the compression or irritation of elements of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome y congestión, y posteriormente desarrollan signos respiratorios inferiores, como disnea, sibilancias, crepitaciones e hipoxia. El diagnóstico es clínico y el tratamiento se dirige a mejorar la oxigenación e hidratación. La enfermedad es autolimitada y tiene un buen pronóstico con un tratamiento adecuado.