Osteoporosis: Risk Factors

00:01 Nonmodifiable risk factors for osteoporosis: Age; Caucasian or Asian ethnicity; female sex, we talked about menopause; thin body habitus less than 127 pounds due to decreased density, that’s just genetic; positive family history, speaking of genetics with osteoporosis; could be male as well.

00:21 The modifiable risk factors in which you could have perhaps prevent osteoporosis from taking place.

00:28 Premature menopause, less than 45 years or hypogonadism; current tobacco use; heavy alcohol use; sedentary lifestyle, big time; dietary deficiency, calcium, vitamin D. All of these could potentially be modified so that you prevent osteoporosis from setting in.

00:51 It depends on circumstances, but think of-think of these being modifiable.

00:59 Secondary causes of osteoporosis.

01:02 Primary causes can’t help it, secondary.

01:06 Endocrine disorders: hyperthyroidism; hyperparathyroidism, increased PTH causing destruction of the bone; hypogonadism; Cushing’s syndrome with all that glucocorticoid.

01:20 Bone marrow disorders such as multiple myeloma causing lytic bone lesions; leukemia/lymphoma, often times you’ll have bone issues.

01:29 Gastrointestinal disorders such as gastrectomy in which now the patient is suffering from malabsorption.

01:36 Celiac disease would be an example of malabsorption where perhaps you may be losing the ability to properly reabsorb your Vitamin D.

01:46 Secondary causes: connective tissue diseases such as RA, rheumatoid arthritis; oesteogenisis imperfect: type 1, much more viable with birth; type 2, non-viable, death in utero.

02:00 Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan… All of these may result in decreased bone density.

02:06 Drugs, the most common: glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, cyclosporine, prolonged heparin use is something that you want to keep in mind that may also result in osteoporosis.