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Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Disorders
About the Lecture
The lecture Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Disorders by Carlo Raj, MD is from the course Fluid and Electrolyte Balance.
Included Quiz Questions
Which of the following is NOT equivalent to serum Na⁺?
- The amount of Na⁺ in the vascular compartment divided by total body water
- The amount of Na⁺ in a liter of serum/plasma in the vascular compartment
- None are equivalent
- All are equivalent
- Total body sodium divided by total body water
Which of the following signs or symptoms is NOT associated with a decrease in total body sodium?
- Decreased heart rate
- Decreased skin turgor
- Positive tilt table test
- Decreased blood pressure
- Dry mucous membranes
What is the most common cause of weight gain in a hospitalized patient with pitting edema?
- Increased total body sodium content
- Increased levels of nutrition
- Increased free water excretion
- Increased sodium excretion
- Increased albumin production
In a patient who is hospitalized with pitting edema due to increased total body sodium, which of the following statements is TRUE?
- Sodium moves across capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid
- Intracellular fluid volume increases
- There is a decrease in plasma volume
- There is a decrease in hydrostatic pressure in the capillary
Which of the following symptoms is associated with a decrease in total body sodium?
- Skin tenting when the skin is pinched
- Negative tilt test
- Reflex bradycardia
- Wet mucous membranes
- Hypertension
Which of the following is associated with an increase in total body sodium?
- Increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased plasma hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased weight of the patient
- Non-pitting edema
- Decreased plasma volume
Which of the following is a mechanism of pitting edema?
- Excess of sodium-containing fluid in the interstitial space
- Excess of protein content in edema fluid
- Lack of sodium-containing fluid in the interstitial space
- Increased sodium excretion
- Excess of sodium-containing fluid in the intracellular space
Which of the following is a mechanism of fluid movement out of capillaries into the interstitial space?
- Increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
- Increased plasma oncotic pressure
- Decreased plasma hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased total body sodium
- Increased albumin production
Author of lecture Isotonic, Hypotonic and Hypertonic Disorders
Carlo Raj, MD
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