Vestibular Disorders: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Vertigo and Ménière's Disease

00:00 Now we’ll take a look at three different vestibular disorders.

00:06 We’ll take a look first at Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

00:13 Then we'll look at vertigo.

00:15 And then we’ll finish up with a brief discussion about Meniere’s disease.

00:22 So, first, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, First thing for you to understand is that this is the most common form of vertigo.

00:37 Individuals with this form of vertigo have sudden onset of episodes.

00:44 However, this episodes of dizziness are of short duration.

00:52 Certain head positions or movements will trigger or prompt a given episode in individuals that have this disorder.

01:04 What causes this condition? We’ll it all relates to the macula.

01:12 Where we have the macula shown in through here of the utricle or saccule.

01:19 And the macula has embedded in it, this otoconia.

01:29 And in the case of this condition, it is the otoconia in the utricle that get dislodged and when they become dislodged they migrate into one of the semi- circular canals that we see over here in this smaller image.

01:48 So, here’s a semi-circular canal here for example.

01:51 And another one here and then in our third semi-circular canal are shown into there.

01:56 So, in otoconia they become dislodge and get into one of those semi- circular canals.

02:02 And when they get there they disrupt normal fluid movement within a semi-circular canal.

02:09 And this will send false signals in the vestibular system causing this episodes of dizziness.

02:21 The second vestibular disorder that I want you to understand is that vertigo.

02:26 And we’ll walk through several of this symptoms associated with vertigo in this table.

02:37 Individuals with vertigo may complain of spinning sensation.

02:42 They may complain that they are tilting because of the disruption of the vestibular apparatus, and the sensing of false signals.

02:54 They may feel that they are swaying.

02:58 As a result of this, they may feel very often that they’re off balanced or unbalanced.

03:05 And they tend to pull to one direction because of this impairment of the vestibular apparatus.

03:13 There are several different causes of vertigo.

03:16 You can have an inflammation of vestibular nerve or inflammation of the vestibular pathway of vestibular neuritis, a vascular lesions of the brain stem or the cerebellum may impair the vestibular apparatus resulting in vertigo.

03:35 Demyelination and once you lose your insulation you can have cross talk between nerve fibers leading to fault signals.

03:46 Certain drugs and ingestion of too much alcohol will certainly disrupt the vestibular system.

03:53 And acoustic tumors can also cause this types of symptoms.

04:05 The last vestibular disorder that I want you to understand is that of that Meniere’s disease.

04:12 This table will guide you through the symptoms that associated with Meniere’s disease as well as the causes.

04:22 Meniere’s disease is characterized by abrupt recurrent attacks of vertigo.

04:29 There’s also an associated hearing loss with this disorder.

04:34 Tinnitus or ringing of the ears is associated with Meniere’s disease.

04:40 Patients may complain of excess ear pressure or fullness with in their ear And nausea and vomiting are associated symptoms as well.

04:53 Several different causes to consider again, vestibular neuritis, vascular lesions of the brain stem or cerebellum, demyelination, certain drugs and alcohol and acoustic tumors.

05:14 Now this were the same causes that we walk through that you saw earlier with vertigo.