00:01
Welcome to pharmacology by Lecturio.
00:04
We're going to continue
our discussion about antibiotics
by talking about
some unique antibacterials.
00:09
These are a list
of the different categories
that we have covered so far.
00:13
The last group are the drugs that
will really cover
mycobacterial infections
that includes
tuberculosis, leprosy,
and other types of infections
like Mycobacterium avium.
00:24
In terms of the anti-TB drugs
or anti-mycobacterial agents
will really focus on some
of the tuberculous agents
as individual drugs
and not focus so much today
on the therapies
that are usually used
in combination.
00:40
Now, tuberculosis agents can either
be bacteriostatic, or bactericidal.
00:45
What does that mean?
First of all, bacteriostatic means
that you just stop
the replication of bacteria.
00:51
You're not actually killing them.
00:53
what you're doing is you're
allowing the immune system
to catch up to those numbers,
so that the immune system can take
care of those live bacteria left.
01:01
Bactericidal actually refers
to the death of bacteria.
01:05
In this case, the antibacterial
agent is killing the bacterium.
01:10
Now, when we talk about
tuberculosis,
we usually talk about using them
in three or four drug combinations.
01:17
In most disease states,
we try to use one or two drugs
to treat a particular disease.
01:22
But in tuberculosis,
it's so hard to treat
that we actually will need
to combine different agents
from different drug classes
to get a full resolution
and treatment of the disease.
01:34
Sometimes will even go as far
as to directly
observe the therapies.
01:39
So I saw this happen myself
when I was practicing in
rural Canada on the Prairies,
and in northern communities,
where patients may not be as, say,
adherent to the regimen
as we would like.
01:53
In those cases,
whether it's due to other diseases
that are taking part
or due to social reasons,
we have to actually watch
patients take the medications.
02:02
If we don't have directly
observed therapy,
and if there's any kind of a
reduction in adherence to therapy,
the therapy just doesn't work.
02:10
That's why DOT regimens in
tuberculosis are so important.
02:14
Now, you can see here
I have an image.
02:17
It's a close up image of a
mycobacterium tuberculosis culture.