Os fatores de crescimento hematopoiéticos são uma família de glicoproteínas responsáveis pela proliferação e diferenciação das células hematopoiéticas progenitoras na medula óssea. A eritropoietina, a trombopoietina, o fator estimulador de colónias de granulócitos (G-CSF, pela sigla em inglês) e o fator estimulador de colónias de granulócitos-macrófagos ( GM-CSF GM-CSF An acidic glycoprotein of mw 23 kda with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages. White Myeloid Cells: Histology, pela sigla em inglês), de uso farmacológico, são usados em certos casos em que a hematopoiese normal é afetada devido a tratamento (por exemplo, quimioterapia) ou a doença subjacente (por exemplo, anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types aplástica). Geralmente, os agentes estimuladores da eritropoiese (ESA, pela sigla em inglês) são administrados como parte do tratamento da anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types induzida por quimioterapia e da anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types secundária à DRC. O G-CSF e o GM-CSF GM-CSF An acidic glycoprotein of mw 23 kda with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages. White Myeloid Cells: Histology são administrados para tratar neutropenia Neutropenia Neutrophils are an important component of the immune system and play a significant role in the eradication of infections. Low numbers of circulating neutrophils, referred to as neutropenia, predispose the body to recurrent infections or sepsis, though patients can also be asymptomatic. Neutropenia induzida por quimioterapia. Os agentes estimuladores de trombopoiese são utilizados na prevenção ou tratamento de trombocitopenia.
Last updated: Mar 2, 2026
Os fatores de crescimento hematopoiéticos são glicoproteínas que regulam a proliferação, a diferenciação e a maturação das células progenitoras, bem como a função das células maturadas.
| Citocinas/fatores de crescimento | Atividades | Agente(s) farmacológico(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Eritropoietina ( EPO EPO Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the kidney in the adult and the liver in the fetus, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the bone marrow to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. Erythrocytes: Histology) | Estimula a eritropoiese, incluindo a diferenciação |
|
| Fator estimulante de colónias de granulócitos-macrófagos ( GM-CSF GM-CSF An acidic glycoprotein of mw 23 kda with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages. White Myeloid Cells: Histology) | Estimula as células progenitoras mieloides | Sargramostim Sargramostim Hematopoietic Growth Factors |
| Fator estimulante de colónias de granulócitos (FG-CSF) | Estimula as células precursoras de neutrófilos |
|
| Trombopoietina (TPO) | Estimula a trombopoiese |
|

Hematopoiese da medula óssea: proliferação e diferenciação dos elementos formados do sangue.
IL-3: interleucina-3
CFU-GEMM: unidade formadora de colónias de granulócitos, eritrócitos, monócitos, megacariócitos
IL-2: interleucina-2
IL-6: interleucina-6
CFU-GM: unidade formadora de colónias granulócitos-macrófagos
GM-CSF: fator estimulador de colónias de granulócitos-macrófagos
M-CSF: fator estimulador de colónias de macrófagos
G-CSF: fator estimulador de colónias de granulócitos
IL-5: interleucina-5
NK: “natural killer”
TPO: trombopoietina
EPO: eritropoietina
Os agentes estimuladores de eritropoiese (ESA pela sigla em inglês) são substâncias farmacológicas que estimulam a produção de hemácias e são usados para tratar a anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types devida a uma variedade de patologias.
| Agente | Mecanismo de ação | Farmacocinética | Indicações |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epoetina alfa |
|
|
|
| Darbepoetina alfa |
|
Anemia
Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology.
Anemia: Overview and Types 2 graus para:
|
|
| Metoxi polietilenoglicol-epoetina beta |
|
Anemia Anemia Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia: Overview and Types 2 graus para DRC |
Os fatores de crescimento mieloides são agentes que estimulam a proliferação e diferenciação de ≥ 1 tipos de células mieloides e são usados para tratar baixas contagens de neutrófilos.
| Agente | Mecanismo de ação | Farmacocinética | Indicações |
|---|---|---|---|
| Filgrastim Filgrastim A recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that is used in the treatment and prevention of neutropenia, preparation and collection of blood progenitor cells, and for use in peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic Growth Factors |
|
|
|
| Pegfilgrastim Pegfilgrastim Hematopoietic Growth Factors |
|
|
|
| Sargramostim Sargramostim Hematopoietic Growth Factors |
|
|
|
Os fatores de crescimento trombopoiéticos estimulam a trombopoiese através da ação da IL-11 ou através da ativação do recetor de TPO.
| Agente | Mecanismo de ação | Farmacocinética | Indicações |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oprelvecina | Estimula a megacariocitopoiese e a trombopoiese |
|
Prevenir trombocitopenia grave em indivíduos submetidos a quimioterapia para cancro não mieloide |
| Romiplostim Romiplostim Hematopoietic Growth Factors | ↑ Plaquetas ao ligar-se ao recetor de TPO |
|
|
| Eltrombopag Eltrombopag Hematopoietic Growth Factors |
|
|
Para todos os agentes, a hipersensibilidade ao fármaco ou a componentes é uma contraindicação.