Testicular Torsion

00:01 Next topic is torsion of the testicle.

00:05 Let me tell you right off the bat that this is an emergency.

00:09 And let me give you a patient here.

00:11 Perhaps you a have male on a motorcycle and get’s into an accident and he falls of the bike, and the way that he lands or whatnot then causes torsion, okay? So if there’s torsion now that’s taking place, then now what happens is the fact that – My goodness gracious, you’ve lost blood supply and on top of that, there’s a lack of drainage.

00:33 And if you don’t get in there and surgically correct this, you, the patient, who’s suffering from this will lose your testicle, okay? So now that you’ve understood the importance of it, let’s get into the specifics.

00:48 Urologic emergency, requiring correction within 6 hours.

00:52 That, you have to know.

00:54 If not, then you’re worried about risking the loss of your testicle.

00:59 It is a congestion type. Why? Because torsion, when you twist the spermatic cord and company, then you’re going to block drainage.

01:07 Ischemia, due to twisting of the spermatic cord, compressing the vasculature.

01:12 Not only to the testicle, but then also the vas.

01:16 Neonatal torsion is most common on extravaginal process as a result of the tunica vaginalis not being well-fixed to the scrotum wall.

01:26 Make sure you know about two types of torsions here with ages.

01:32 Neonatal, most common will be called extravaginal, to scrotal wall.

01:37 The torsion involves the entire testicle, the tunica vaginalis.

01:42 Now, it is a distinct entity from testicular torsion in older patients.

01:47 Let’s walk through this patient.

01:48 Two populations for testicular torsion in which you would then call this intravaginal.

01:54 But when you say vaginal in a male, do you understand what we’re referring to? Okay.

01:59 There’s no – This is a genotypic male, XY, in a phenotypic male.

02:04 So what does “vaginal” refer to? Tunica vaginalis. Are we clear? Okay. Now, when you say intravaginal torsion, when the testis twist within the tunica vaginalis, hence intravaginal.

02:19 The left image is of a normal testis with spermatic cord.

02:24 The middle image shows Intravaginal Testicular Torsion (IVT), which is a condition that typically affects adolescents and young adults.

02:34 It involves the torsion of the spermatic cord within the tunica vaginalis, reducing blood flow to the testicle.

02:43 Clinical presentation includes sudden scrotal pain, swelling, and nausea. Urgent surgical intervention is required to prevent infarction.

02:53 Early Extravaginal Testicular Torsion (EVT) is shown on the right.

02:59 This is more common in neonates and occurs outside the tunica vaginalis, involving the entire spermatic cord and testicle.

03:07 Diagnosis is often delayed, leading to testicular loss due to ischemic damage.

03:14 Both types of torsion affect venous drainage first, leading to congestion and dilation of veins.

03:21 Prompt recognition and treatment are vital for preserving testicular function and fertility.

03:27 How do you manage this patient? Well, surgery.

03:30 And the reason for this, because you’re worried about losing the testicle.

03:35 Ultrasound and Doppler diagnosis if low probability of disease.

03:39 And definitive treatment is surgery, temporizing and there’s also something called manual detorsion.

03:45 You do everything in your power to make sure that you correct this patient in the emergency room or operating room.