00:00 Let's move on to the trematodes. 00:03 So the trematodicidal agents are -- the prototypical one is praziquantel. 00:09 It increases the membrane permeability to calcium of the organism. 00:14 Which results in a marked contraction of the trematode and then paralysis. 00:19 It's used in trematode and cestode infections. 00:23 And it is the drug of choice in schisotosomiasis. 00:27 It's an alternative to albendazole in systemic cysticercosis or the pork tapeworm. 00:34 And it is contraindicated in ocular cysticercosis. 00:39 So ocular cysticercosis, you must treat with albendazole. 00:43 So here's an example of ocular cysticercosis or pork tapeworm. 00:49 I'm going to say pork tapeworm because it's easier to say. 00:51 So I'm going to say it again and again. 00:53 Pork tapeworm, ocular treat with albendazole. 00:57 Systemic you can use praziquantel. 01:02 In terms of the mechanism of action of praziquantel, it increases the membrane permeability to calcium as well. 01:08 And it causes the mark contraction and then paralysis of the agent. 01:12 Toxicity includes headache, dizziness and drowsiness. 01:16 Let's move on to the cestodes. 01:19 So the cestodicidal agents are quite very -- I think I'll talk quickly about niclosamide. 01:28 So niclosamide is interesting because it works differently then the other agents. 01:33 It uncouples the oxidative phosphorylation. 01:37 This cause paralysis of the organisms. 01:40 And it activates ATPases in the tapeworm. 01:43 It is an alternative drug in beef, pork and fish tapeworms. 01:47 But is not useful in systemic cysticercosis or pork tapeworm cysts. 01:53 Now here is an image of cystic cysticercosis. 02:00 You can see the cysts present in the liver on the CT scan. 02:03 And it is pointed out to you with a white arrow. 02:07 The ova and larva are not killed by niclosamide. 02:12 Use albendazole in the cyst form of pork tapeworm. 02:19 In terms of the toxicity of niclosamide, gastrointestinal distress, headache, rash and fever.
The lecture Trematocides (Praziquantel) and Cestodicides (Niclosamide) – Anthelmintic Drugs by Pravin Shukle, MD is from the course Antimicrobial Pharmacology. It contains the following chapters:
What is the mechanism of action of praziquantel?
What is the mechanism of action of niclosamide?
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